Nervous and Endocrine System Vocabulary Gland – an organ that produces and secretes (releases) hormones Gland – an organ that produces and secretes (releases)

Nervous and Nervous and Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

VocabularyVocabulary

Gland – an organ that produces and Gland – an organ that produces and secretes (releases) hormonessecretes (releases) hormones

Hormone – a chemical created by Hormone – a chemical created by the body that regulates (control) the body that regulates (control) specific body functionsspecific body functions

Response – a reaction to a stimulusResponse – a reaction to a stimulus Stimulus – a change in the Stimulus – a change in the

environment that causes you to environment that causes you to reactreact

Nervous System:Nervous System: Function: control and regulate all Function: control and regulate all

__________ activities__________ activities Allows you to __________ (response) to a Allows you to __________ (response) to a

__________(change in the environment)__________(change in the environment)

Body

RespondStimulus

Stimulus: Smell of FoodResponse: Cat jump on the stove

Stimulus: Hot stoveResponse: Cat screams and jumps off the stove

Organs:Organs:A. BrainA. Brain 1. receives and ______________ messages1. receives and ______________ messages2. Sends out ____________ messages2. Sends out ____________ messages3. Three areas3. Three areas

a) Cerebruma) Cerebrum i. Divided into two halves (______________)i. Divided into two halves (______________) ii. Largest part of the brainii. Largest part of the brain iii. Controls ______________ musclesiii. Controls ______________ muscles iv. Allows you to think, remember and speakiv. Allows you to think, remember and speak b) Cerebellumb) Cerebellum i. Allows for smooth body _______________i. Allows for smooth body _______________ ii. Controls ____________ and postureii. Controls ____________ and posture c) Brain Stemc) Brain Stem i. Medulla Oblongatai. Medulla Oblongata ii. Controls _______________ processesii. Controls _______________ processes ex. Breathing and heart rate ex. Breathing and heart rate

InterpretsResponse

Hemispheres

Voluntary

MovementsBalance

Automatic

Organs:Organs:

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System – nerves from the spinal cord throughout the body

Organs:Organs:B. Spinal Cord: sends messages between the B. Spinal Cord: sends messages between the

__________ and the body__________ and the body

C. Nerves C. Nerves 1. ____________ messages (nerve impulse)1. ____________ messages (nerve impulse)

2. Messages always travel from ___________ to 2. Messages always travel from ___________ to ________________________________

3. Messages travel in the form of chemical and3. Messages travel in the form of chemical and

______________ signals______________ signals

4. _____________ is the space between two neurons4. _____________ is the space between two neurons

5. Messages travel across the synapse by 5. Messages travel across the synapse by _____________(chemicals released from the axon _____________(chemicals released from the axon terminal to trigger the nerve impulse on the next terminal to trigger the nerve impulse on the next neuron) neuron)

Brain

Carries

DendriteAxon Terminal

Electrical

Synapse

Neurotransmitter

Dendrite Nucleus

Axon

As the message travels through the neuron it’s an electrical signalAs the message crosses the synapse (gap) it’s a chemical signal

Axon Terminal

Dendrite

Neurotransmitter

6. Three types of neurons:6. Three types of neurons:

A. Sensory neuron: A. Sensory neuron: ____________ (stimulus) ____________ (stimulus) the message from the message from receptorsreceptors

B. Interneuron: connects B. Interneuron: connects sensory to motor neuronsensory to motor neuron

C. Motor neuron: receives C. Motor neuron: receives message (response) and message (response) and tells effectors (muscles) tells effectors (muscles) what to dowhat to do

Receives

NeuronsNeurons Dendrites – receive the nerve impulseDendrites – receive the nerve impulse Nucleus – controls all activities of the Nucleus – controls all activities of the

cellcell Axon Terminals release Axon Terminals release

neurotransmitters into the synapseneurotransmitters into the synapse Nerve impulses travel from the dendrite Nerve impulses travel from the dendrite

through the cell to the axon terminal through the cell to the axon terminal (one direction only)(one direction only)

Nerve impulses travel through the cell Nerve impulses travel through the cell as electrical signalsas electrical signals

Endocrine System:Endocrine System:Function: control and regulate the bodyFunction: control and regulate the body

Parts:Parts:A. Glands: organs that A. Glands: organs that

produces and secrete produces and secrete __________________________

B. Hormones B. Hormones 1. _______________ 1. _______________

produced that affects produced that affects the bodythe body

2. Transported by the 2. Transported by the ________________ ________________ systemsystem

3. Only affect their 3. Only affect their target organ target organ

Hormones

Substances

Circulatory

Endocrine System:Endocrine System:“Master” GlandControls the other glands

Produces Adrenaline which increases the heart and breathing rates for “Flight or Fight” Response

Only found in Males produces Testosterone

Produces Insulin to control the blood sugar level Only found

in Females produces Estrogen and Progesterone

Controls your Metabolism

Negative Feedback Negative Feedback MechanismMechanism

1. Controls the levels 1. Controls the levels of hormones in of hormones in your bloodyour blood

2. Production of one 2. Production of one hormone is hormone is controlled by the controlled by the amount of another amount of another hormone in the hormone in the bloodblood

3. Maintains 3. Maintains homoeostasishomoeostasis

Review – Simple MachinesReview – Simple Machines Simple Machines make work easier by Simple Machines make work easier by

reducing the amount force needed or the reducing the amount force needed or the distance that the work is done fordistance that the work is done for

Six Types:Six Types:

Incline Plane ex. RampIncline Plane ex. Ramp

Screw ex. Screw or jar lidScrew ex. Screw or jar lid

Wedge ex. Ax or knifeWedge ex. Ax or knife

Pulley ex. Flagpole or clothesline the more Pulley ex. Flagpole or clothesline the more pulleys the less force you needpulleys the less force you need

Wheel and Axle ex. Bicycle wheelWheel and Axle ex. Bicycle wheel

Lever ex. See saw or bat or wheel barrowLever ex. See saw or bat or wheel barrow

Review – Simple MachinesReview – Simple Machines Levers – three classesLevers – three classes FRE…123FRE…123 F- Fulcrum (pivot point)F- Fulcrum (pivot point) R- Resistance (object you want to move)R- Resistance (object you want to move) E- Effort (force you apply)E- Effort (force you apply) 11stst Class the fulcrum in the center ex. See Class the fulcrum in the center ex. See

saw or crowbarsaw or crowbar 22ndnd class the resistance in the center ex. class the resistance in the center ex.

Wheel barrowWheel barrow 33rdrd class the effort in the center ex. Shovel class the effort in the center ex. Shovel

or bator bat Complex Machine is two or more simple Complex Machine is two or more simple

machines used togethermachines used together