NEPTUNE Canada Hydrothermal Experiments at Main Endeavour: Status Report Dave Butterfield, Univ. of Washington and NOAA/PMEL Marv Lilley, University of.

NEPTUNE NEPTUNE Canada Canada

Hydrothermal Hydrothermal Experiments Experiments

at Main at Main Endeavour: Endeavour:

Status ReportStatus Report

Dave Butterfield, Univ. of Washington and NOAA/PMEL

Marv Lilley, University of Washington School of

Oceanography

Glickson et al., 2006

OutlineOutline

MotivationMotivation BackgroundBackground Current Experiments and ResultsCurrent Experiments and Results

Focus on RAS and BARSFocus on RAS and BARS What We NeedWhat We Need Future PossibilitiesFuture Possibilities

Why hydrothermal time-Why hydrothermal time-series?series?

Variability of environment and flux Variability of environment and flux unknownunknown

Impact of change on biological Impact of change on biological communitiescommunities

Variation in mineral formation processesVariation in mineral formation processes Linkage between tectonic, volcanic, Linkage between tectonic, volcanic,

hydrothermal and hydrological processes hydrothermal and hydrological processes Cabled observatories may be the only Cabled observatories may be the only

way to answer these questionsway to answer these questions

Main Field Time Series

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

CO

2 (m

mo

l/kg

)

Grotto

Hulk

Crypto

Lobo

Dante

Dudley

Bastille

Cannaport

Milli-Q

Peanut

Puffer

S&M

Salut

Sully

100

200

300

400

500

Cl endm

em

ber, m

mol/kg

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

YearHulk Peanut Crypto LOBO

Grotto Dante Bastille Puffer

Sully Salut MQ S&M

MEF Hot Vent Time Series

data from D. Butterfield

Feb 22 to Feb 22 to Mar 6 2005Mar 6 2005

EQ/hr EQ/hr histogramhistogram

Borehole Borehole pressurepressure

Mothra Mothra diffuse vent diffuse vent temperaturetemperature

Hooft et al. 2006 Fall AGU

E flank P increase

MV axis P decrease

Change in T and Change in T and composition associated composition associated

with Feb 2005 EQswith Feb 2005 EQs

0

0.1

0.2

0.3H

2S

/Si (m

ol/m

ol)

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

T,

°C

0 10 20 30 40 50week

H2S/Si T

Mothra low-T vent 2004-5

50%

04

99

99

99

01

00 01

00

0102

99

01

04

02

00 98

01

9800

04

00

04

99

98

BCPre-1987 Lava

CL

331998 Lava

MAGO

ASHES

Key

* Numbers inside symbols denote year

0006

EI

00

03

GR

06

00

SM

HU

02

04

50%

55%

60%

70%

South Field

North Field

Axi

al S

eam

ount

Mai

n E

ndea

vour

75%

60%

55%60%

Variation Between Vents

Similarity groupings based on Microbial Community Structure (tRFLP)

BARS Sensor TipBARS Sensor Tip

October 2010 BARS Temp and Tidal Pressure

(variation from mean plotted)

Tidal Modulation of Grotto Black Tidal Modulation of Grotto Black Smoker TemperatureSmoker Temperature

Power Spectrum for BARS Temperature

12.4 hr

24.8 hr

3-4

day

BARS Temperature shows strong semi-diurnal tidal signal plus weak 3-4day

BARS T vs N-S Current BARS T vs N-S Current Amplitude October 2010Amplitude October 2010

Power spectrum for Power spectrum for BARS T(red) and NS BARS T(red) and NS

Current (blue)Current (blue)

October 2010 RAS Temperature and Tidal Pressure

(variation from mean plotted)

Power Spectrum for RAS TemperatureOctober 2010

12.4 hr

24.8 hr

5.3 d

2.7 d

RAS Temp shows semi-diurnal tidal signal plus strong 3-5day

Mn correlates well with T and Mg

October 2010 data are lower than 2011-2012 data

Endmember Mn 210 µM

Use Mn to normalize mixing

H2S/Mn: No clear correlation

Fe/Mn: pos correlationIndicates precipitation within sulfide structure is mixing/Temperature-dependent

NH3/Mn: pos correlationSuggests NH3 may be consumed within sulfide structure at hyperthermophilic temperatures

NH3/Mn: is there a temporal trend? Sample age artifact?

NC OBS EQ data and Vent NC OBS EQ data and Vent TemperatureTemperature

USGS Earthquakes near JFR• FILE CREATED: Tue Oct 25 21:23:43 2011 Circle Search Earthquakes= 8 Circle Center Point Latitude:

47.000N Longitude: 130.000W Radius: 1000.000 km Catalog Used: PDE Date Range: 2011/09/20 to 2011/10/24 Data Selection: Historical & Preliminary Data

• CAT YEAR MO DA ORIG TIME LAT LONG DEP MAGNITUDE IEM DTSVNWG DIST NFO km TF • PDE-Q 2011 09 22 202206.91 47.45 -122.08 24 3.2 MDSEA 2F. ....... 601 • PDE-Q 2011 10 09 131703.89 44.53 -126.29 10 2.5 MLGS ... ....... 398 • PDE-Q 2011 10 10 053932.84 50.61 -129.66 30 4.2 mbGS ... ....... 401 • PDE-Q 2011 10 13 041400.92 43.46 -127.12 22 5.6 MwGCMT ..M ....... 453 • PDE-Q 2011 10 14 222516.47 46.76 -121.92 12 3.4 MDSEA 4F. ....... 616 • PDE-Q 2011 10 14 232912.53 46.85 -121.75 2 2.9 MDSEA .F. ....... 627 • PDE-Q 2011 10 15 061129.10 46.48 -119.26 1 3.4 MDSEA 3F. ....... 822 • PDE-Q 2011 10 19 195108.50 45.93 -122.42 11 2.7 MDSEA ... ....... 593 • RAS and other plots are 30 Sept 2011 00:00 to 26 Oct 2011 00:00

MEF RAS/BARS Temperature Oct 2011Mag 7.4 EQ S. Pacific

Sample 5

Sample 45.64.22.5

3.4/2.9 3.4 2.7

MEF RAS/1026B Temperature Oct 2011

Mag 7.4 EQ S. Pacific

Sample 5

Sample 45.64.22.5

3.4/2.9 3.4 2.7

MEF RAS T and Flank Sub-sea Differential Pressure Oct 2011

Mag 7.4 EQ S. Pacific

Sample 5

Sample 45.64.22.5

3.4/2.9 3.4 2.7

Neptune Canada 2010 BARS Neptune Canada 2010 BARS DeploymentDeployment

October 2010 EventOctober 2010 Event

Neptune Canada 2010 BARS Neptune Canada 2010 BARS DeploymentDeployment

October 2010 EventOctober 2010 Event800 data points9

0 d

ata

p

oin

ts

What we needWhat we need

More data analysis to look at details of mechanisms More data analysis to look at details of mechanisms linking earthquakes and changes in hydrothermal ventslinking earthquakes and changes in hydrothermal vents

Models that can use NC observations to test hypothesesModels that can use NC observations to test hypotheses Keep the networks adaptable and open to new sensorsKeep the networks adaptable and open to new sensors More hydrothermal sensors to give spatial coverageMore hydrothermal sensors to give spatial coverage More chemical sensors to give real-time chemical More chemical sensors to give real-time chemical

responseresponse Automated earthquake detection and rapid reportingAutomated earthquake detection and rapid reporting Flux measurementsFlux measurements

ENDEND