NEMATODES: Hookworms General Info Hookworm (in General) Strongyloides stercoralis CN Threadworm FH Human/Nonhuman (Group) Man H Small intestine Small intestines Life Span Max: 15 years MOT Ingestion (Human) Skin penetration (Nonhuman) Skin penetration DS Embryonated Ova (Stool) Rhabditiform larva (Stool) IS Filariform Larva (Soil) – L3 Filariform Larva Src. of Infection Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) STD Morphology Meromyarian (2-5 cells per dorsal/ventral half) Meromyarian FACULATATIVE Loves warm area = nonfeeding Chemorecept or Ampids ✔ ✔ Phasmids ✔ ✔ Attachment/Dental pattern Bite: intestinal mucosa Penetration in intestinal mucosa: Honeycomb intestinal mucosa Parasitic Free living Male Size Refer to a specific parasite Not been reliably identified 0.7mm Posterior Ventrally curved tail Spicules Copulatory spicules Gubernaculum Layer Smaller: Microconspicous Conspicuous (w/o Cephalic alea) Femal e Color Refer to a specific parasite Colorless, semi-transparent Colorless, semi- transparent Covering Fine striated cuticle Size 2.2 mm 1 mm Type Parthogenetic Oviviparus Anterior Slender tapering Esophagus Long slender, 3mm Double bulb esophagus Buccal Cavity Short, 4 indistinct Lips Posterior Short conical tail Vulva 1/3 Length of the body Intestine Continuous to subterminal anus Straight cylindrical tube Uterus 1 Uteris, single file of 8- 12segmented ova [50-58 μm] 2 Horn Uterus [Embryonated eggs]
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NEMATODES: HookwormsGeneral Info Hookworm (in General) Strongyloides stercoralis
CN ThreadwormFH Human/Nonhuman (Group) ManH Small intestine Small intestinesLife Span Max: 15 yearsMOT Ingestion (Human)
Skin penetration (Nonhuman)Skin penetration
DS Embryonated Ova (Stool) Rhabditiform larva (Stool)IS Filariform Larva (Soil) – L3 Filariform LarvaSrc. of Infection Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) STDMorphology Meromyarian (2-5 cells per dorsal/ventral half) Meromyarian
FACULATATIVELoves warm area = nonfeeding
Chemoreceptor Ampids ✔ ✔
Phasmids ✔ ✔
Attachment/Dental pattern Bite: intestinal mucosa Penetration in intestinal mucosa: Honeycomb intestinal mucosaParasitic Free living
Male SizeRefer to a specific parasite Not been reliably identified
Colorless, semi-transparent Colorless, semi-transparentCovering Fine striated cuticleSize 2.2 mm 1 mmType Parthogenetic OviviparusAnterior Slender taperingEsophagus Long slender, 3mm Double bulb esophagusBuccal Cavity Short, 4 indistinct LipsPosterior Short conical tailVulva 1/3 Length of the bodyIntestine Continuous to subterminal anus Straight cylindrical tubeUterus 1 Uteris, single file of 8-12segmented
ova [50-58 μm]2 Horn Uterus [Embryonated eggs]
Rhabditiform(Feeding stage)>Open buccal cavity>HK: more attenuated
1. Sanitary disposal of human feces2. Wearing of shoes, slippers and boots3. Health education on personal, family and community hygiene
4. Treatment of infected individuals5. Mass chemotheraphy when prevalence is greater than 50%6. Protection of susceptible individuals by improving household
income and diet to prevent malnutrition
>Human Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus
CN Old World Hookworm New World HookwormMOT Ingestion/Skin penetrationSrc. of Infection STH STHMorphology Color Grayish white Grayish white
Cylindrical, Fusiform Cylindrical, FusiformHead Not pointed, curved PointedMouth Thistle shape Funnel shapeEsophagus No gap between esophagus & intestines With gapBody Curvature C-shape S-shapedDental Pattern Adult Ancylostoma duodenale worm. Anterior end with mouth parts visible.
Courtesy of Patrick W Hickey, MD.
2 pair true ventral teeth, 1 pair median teethinconspicuous
Adult Necator americanus worm. Anterior end with mouth parts visible. Courtesy of Patrick W Hickey, MD.