Neighbour Hood

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NEIGHBOURHOOD

PLANNING

PR

AJJWAL JOSHI

RIZWAN BAIG

OUR

PLAN



NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT

It is a ubiquitous phenomenon in every urban and nonurban

area.

Geographically localized community within a larger city, town

or suburban area.

An integrated, and planned urban area related to the larger

community of which it is a part , and consisting of residential

districts, a school or schools, shopping facilities, religious

buildings, open spaces, and perhaps a degree of service

industry.

Arnold Whittick (1974)



NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT

‘FACT OF NATURE’, which comes into existence whenever a

group of people share a place

Since the early ages of humanity, for practical, economical,

sociological and psychological reasons, people have tended to

live close together in sections of an area and formcommunities.

Have some particular physical or social characteristics that

distinguish from other.

Clustering of these neighborhoods has formed towns, villages,

and cities.Lewis Mumford



NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT

Population 7000 –10000.

Primary school.

Recreational spaces

Retail shopping facility.

Community facilities at 10 to 15 minutes.

Tree-shaded, pedestrian & bicycle-friendly streets.

Safe from major traffic areas.

Local employment opportunities.



EVOLUTION AND CONCEPTUALIZATION

NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT



CLARENCE A. PERRY

UNIT OF URBAN PLANNINGPopulation as a criteria to decide the size of

neighbourhood unit.

FACILITIES

Primary school, shopping centre, spaces for outdoor

recreation, community centre, sports centre.

POPULATION

optimal to support its elementary school (5000-6000).



CLARENCE A. PERRY …

STREET SYSTEM

•Major traffic routes should not pass through residential

neighbourhood.

•Minor streets to connect the dwelling unit.•Interior street pattern: cul-de-sacs, curved layout and light

duty surfacing .

•An independent system of footway linking together school

sites, play areas and shopping centers.



CLARENCE A. PERRY …

SECTOR•Combination of two or more neighbourhood units.

•Facilities like secondary school, entertainment centers, big

markets, major parks and large site recreation spaces.

•

Population 12000 –15000.

SIZE AND DENSITY

•Maximum walking distance ¼ mile.

•Density should be 10 families per acre.



Clarence A. Perry’s Neighborhood Unit of 1929



N.L. Engelhardt

Elementary school -center of the unit and within a 1/2 mileradius.

Small shopping center located near the school.

Cul-de-sac or "dead-end“ roads to eliminate through traffic.



CLARENCE STEIN

Grouping of 3 neighborhood units served by a high school and 1 or 2 major

Commercial centers -radius for walking distance to these facilities being 1 mile.

Clarence Stein’s 1942 Diagram of Neighborhoods



NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN

It is a written document that identifies the strengths and

weaknesses of a defined area.

It also provides practical actions that will result in an improved

neighbourhood.

It outlines a vision for a neighbourhood with greater detail on

• land use and land use policies

• circulation or network

• parks and open space

• infrastructure and servicing



NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN

In turn, this informs what happens in the planning area with

respect to

• zoning and rezoning

•development permit areas & guidelines

•subdivision and development

provides a VISION for your ----- sets out clear GOALS -----

gives you an ACTION PLAN



WHO SHOULD INVOLVE?

The parish council or town council for the area need to initiate

the process along with community

The involvement of a broad range of local stakeholders will

strengthen community and make it implementation easier.

List of stakeholders that the parish/town council should seekto involve in the process

•Residents

•Community organization

•Elected representatives•Businesses

•Landowners

•Developers



BENEFITS FROM A NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN

Everyone who lives, works and plays in the neighbourhood

Benefits the larger community and the city as a whole.

Will help government departments and other organizations

better understand the priorities of our neighbourhood so that

they can serve you better.



It brings residents, businesses, and community

organizations together to share ideas and work

together on issues that are important to everyone

It improves communication and focuses ideas;

It helps a neighbourhood identify its strengths and

evaluate its own resources;

BENEFITS OF A NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING PROCESS



It helps to build consensus about what needs to be

accomplished;

It encourages creativity and builds partnerships

both within and outside the neighbourhood; and,

It enables others to become more informed and

responsive, and can direct the policy and financial

decisions of local government.

BENEFITS OF A NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING PROCESS



STEPS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING PROCESS

Establish a Neighbourhood Planning Team of residents,

landlords, business owners, community organizations, localagencies and other neighbourhood stakeholders

1

Develop your neighbourhood Vision by – gathering

information about the area (i.e. the community profile)• describe the neighbourhood’s strengths and weaknesses

• describe its opportunities and assets

2

Based on your neighbourhood assessment and yourcommunity consultation , draft a Vision Statement

3




Confirm the vision with your community4

Develop the Action Plan

• Goals

• Objectives

• Action statements

• Measurable indicators

• Project descriptions and budgets

5

Distribute the plan and seek community approval throughopen houses, workshops, meetings, questionnaires, etc. –

formal plan approval by City’s Community Committee

6




Implement the plan

• Develop projects

• Develop budgets

• Solicit funding

• Oversee implementation

7

Evaluate the plan using the measurable indicators identified

• What did we do well?

• What have we learned?

• Where do we go from here?

• Review the plan and adjust, if necessary

8



Should be a distinctive physical area from other clear physical

or conceptual boundaries.

Topographical feature of land such as streams woodland, hill

etc will serve to give its own physical identity with its own

character, distinct form other units.The population size to support service functions, shopping

and primary school to be 5000 and 10000 for secondary

school and other community facilities.

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NEGHBOURHOOD UNIT



Neighbourhood unit shall have 1000 to 2000 dwelling units,

within clearly defined limits of major roads, railways,

watercourse etc.

Vehicular traffic is minimised so that no child is endangered

in its walk to the school.

Housing to be provided for the wide variety income groups,

each forming a cluster of 50 to 100 dwelling units to maintain

face to face relationship, with immediate common space ofchildren play area and other social activities and local shops.




These clusters to be planned to have their own identity which

could be achieved with different arrangement of grouping,

building heights, colours, materials etc.

The neighbourhood unit’s focal point is the center with main

shopping, branch library, local offices, club and community

buildings and local bus-stop and each of these to be within

10 min. walking distance. The location of the primary schoolsto be within 5 min. walking distance from the residences.




Land requirements for each 10000 population based on

U.D.P.F.I guidelines


LANDUSE Ha

Residential 20

Commercial 1

Public and semi-public 4.5

Recreational 6

Transport and communication 5

excluding any natural features 36.5 Ha

Average density 275 person/Ha

Source: Institute of Town Planners, India



EDUCATION

Nursery School -1 for 2500 persons

For 4NOs X 0.08 Ha =.32 Ha

Primary School -1 for 4000 persons

For 2.5NOs X 0.04 Ha =1 Ha

Secondary School -1 for 7500

persons

For 1.33NOs X 1.6 Ha =2.21Ha

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

DISPENSARIES 1N = .48Ha

SOCIO CULTURAL FACILITIES

COMMUNITY ROOM

2X.66 Ha=.132 Ha

COMMUNITY HALL + LIBRARY =.20 HA

COMMERCIAL CENTER FOR FORMAL, INFORMAL GENERAL

RETAIL SERVICE AND REPAIR

CLUSTER CENTERS

2.5x880 SQ. M=.22 Ha

SECTOR CENTER.5x 6000 SQ. M=.3 Ha

OTHERS ETC. =.45 Ha

RECREATIONAL FACILITES @ 6 SQ. M /PERSON = 6 Ha

RESIDENTIAL AREA AT NET DENSITY OF 500 PER/Ha= 20Ha

Source: Institute of Town Planners, India



Neighborhood Unit of 7,000 Population


LANDUSE SPACE REQUIREMENTS/DESIGN CRITERIA Ha

Housing 1,400 dwelling units at a theoretical 30

units/hectare grouped in cells of 10 units. Densities

will vary from 10 U.P.H. to 60 U.P.H.

46.0

Primary schools,school facilities

•

3 Primary school sites per neighbourhood, each1.6 ha, with nursery 4.8 facilities

•2 Primary schools represent 4 streams of pupils

•1 Primary school would accommodate a single

stream, but would be combined with a Community

Education Centre (CEC); the

assembly hall and basic CEC facilities would be builtimmediately.

4.8

Project Planning Associates Limited, Toronto, Canada






Sports

(included in school

allocations above)

Sports facilities include:

•1 - Football/soccer field (grass) 50 x 70 m; north-

south orientation

•1 — Multi-purpose paved area, containing 2

basketball courts at 20x30m•1 — Field sports area, containing broad jump pit —

5 x 20 m; high jump pit — 5 x 20 m; pole vault pit —

5 x 20 m

•1 — Track — included around the periphery of

football/soccer

field.

46.0







Playground

(included in school

allocations above)

Play space approximately 10 x 30 m unpaved.

Contains creative building area and facilities, which

allow for swimming, jumping, sliding and climbing

activities. Shade/sun variations desirable. Water

supply and sand pit essential.

46.0

Garden (Shamba)

(Included in school

allocations above)

Fruit/vegetable area

Flower area

Site should be approximately 30 x 30 m with good

sun orientation.

Requires equipment storage shed, water supply and

perhaps security.







Passive study/sitting

areas

(included in school

allocation Above)

Small scale spaces interspersed throughout the

school site.

Flowering plants with shade trees desirable along

with good ventilation, benches and quiet sites.

Nursery school

(included in school

allocation above)

Associated with, or part of primary school.

Preferably one per school.

Community facilities included in primary school.

Clinic Located in conjunction with primary school.

Library Located in primary school.

TANU Branch Office Included near the CEC.







Dukas, including one

sub post office in a

duka

15-20 dukas on sites throughout the

neighbourhood and adjacent to the CEC. Total floor

area 1000 to 1500 m2

0.5

Small workshop,

handicrafts and

service area

Related to the CEC. Approximately 0.4 hectares,

including 1,200 m3 of storage floor area.

0.4

Churches, Mosques One per neighbourhood at 0.4 ha each. Proper

landscape development and parking to be

accommodated on site.

0.4

Bicycle/walkways in

linear open space

Safe, convenient routes, interconnecting the entire

neighbourhood

Standards variable, depending on site conditions.

2.0







Passive park areas Park-like, landscaped areas of 2.5 ha per

neighbourhood for informal leisure time pursuits.

2.5

Playing fields included in primary school allocation. 0.4

Sports clubs:

•tennis

•swimming, etc.

•lawn

•active parks reserv

Convenient sites related to the primary schools.

2 ha reserve is recommended.

2.0







Local and collector

roads

Allow 6.4

% Right of way foradjacent major

collector roads and

bus way

Allow 5

shambas In addition to those at the school sites, shambas

will be located outside the neighbourhood, but no

allocation is made for these here.

2.0

Total Land Area in Neighbourhood 70




NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING

CASE : CHANDIGARH

The master plan for the

new town was prepared by

Architect Le Corbusier

assisted by Maxwell Fry and

Jane Drew of England. The

master plan aimed to

accommodate about

1,50,000 persons with

future expansion up toabout 5,00,000 persons.

1. Capital Complex

2. City Center

3. University

4. Industrial Area

5. Grain and Tiber Market

6. Lake

7. Town

CHANDIGARH -MASTER PLAN



PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING

Chandigarh is planned on the principle superblock and aretermed “SECTORS”.

Each sector measures about 1.21km in Length and 0.81 km

in width.

The rectangular Sectors are framed with the layout of Grid

of the main roads.

Each sector accommodates population ranging from 15,000to 25,000 depending upon the exact area of the block and

the density of development adopted.

CASE : CHANDIGARH



PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING

There are usually three to four neighbourhood units ineach block.

Le –corbusier conceptualized the idea of the design of

Chandigarh from the human body. The government

building forms the head; the business area or commercialcentre is the heart; the university area and the museum

are the brain; the industrial areas are the hands, the leisure

valley and parks are the lungs, the roads are the arteries.

CASE : CHANDIGARH



URBAN ORGNAISATION

He gave the differentiation between means of locomotionand the hierarchy within the road grid.

His previous theories led him to distinguish four functions

of planning i.e. living, working, care of the body and spirit

and circulation.

The location of capital consists of four main government

buildings, situated at the northern end of the town; the

buildings are the Assembly hall, the Secretariat, the Highcourt and the Governor's palace.

CASE : CHANDIGARH



URBAN ORGNAISATION

The Southern sector is reserved for the industrialdevelopment and is segregated by a wide green belt from

the residential zone.

The central sector contains the city's civic and commercial

buildings which serves to all the residential sectors.

The cultural centre with the university in a park is situated

in the north-west side.

Thus the city plan contains clear and well defined "URBAN

ORGANISATION CENTRES".

CASE : CHANDIGARH



INTERACTIVE MAP OF CHANDIGARH



NEIGHBOURHOOD AS AN URBAN SPACE

Each sector is bisected on its long axis by a strip ofcontinuous open space or green strip for recreation and on

its shorter axis, by a street called the bazaar street

containing local shops, market, and recreation buildings.

The cycle tracks and footpaths are accommodated in greenstrip and thus they are segregated from the main

thoroughfares.

Schools, health centers etc. are located in the interior ofeach sector so that children and others need not cross the

main roads for their normal daily requirements.

CASE : CHANDIGARH



NEIGHBOURHOOD AS AN URBAN SPACE

The sector contains the schools,

shops, clinics, clubs, socialcenters, places of worship etc.

and is virtually a self contained

unit, as an urban space, for city

planning.

The larger public buildings are

well distributed in the town in

suitable locations and some of

them are placed in the town

centre.

CASE : CHANDIGARH

Urban Spaces in Sector



COMPARING WITH GUIDELINES

Landuse % Area

( CHANDIGARH)

% Area

( U.D.P.F.I)

Residential

Commercial

64.82 57.5

industrial 5.04 -

Public and semi-public 8.92 12.32

Recreational - 16.43

Transport 1.12 13.69

Agricultural and water body 9.96 -

Special area 9.65 -



THANK YOU

Neighbour Hood

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