1 Neighborhood Opportunity Mapping Neighborhood Opportunity Mapping for Regional Equity for Regional Equity Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race & Ethnicity Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race & Ethnicity The Ohio State University The Ohio State University Presentation for: Presentation for: Policy Link Regional Equity Summit 2008 Policy Link Regional Equity Summit 2008 Workshop Series 4: Effective Strategies, Creating Workshop Series 4: Effective Strategies, Creating Tactics for Action Tactics for Action Session: Assessing and Developing Racially Session: Assessing and Developing Racially Equitable Policies Equitable Policies March 7 March 7 th th 2007 2007 Jason Reece, AICP Senior Researcher [email protected]
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Neighborhood Opportunity Mapping for Regional Equity
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Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race & EthnicityKirwan Institute for the Study of Race & Ethnicity
The Ohio State UniversityThe Ohio State University
Presentation for: Presentation for: Policy Link Regional Equity Summit 2008Policy Link Regional Equity Summit 2008
Workshop Series 4: Effective Strategies, Creating Tactics for ActionWorkshop Series 4: Effective Strategies, Creating Tactics for ActionSession: Assessing and Developing Racially Equitable PoliciesSession: Assessing and Developing Racially Equitable Policies
Space and Regional EquitySpace and Regional Equity
Why are maps particularly Why are maps particularly effective in dealing with issues of effective in dealing with issues of equity?equity?• Regional, racial and social inequity often Regional, racial and social inequity often
manifest as spatial inequitymanifest as spatial inequity• Maps are naturally the best tools to Maps are naturally the best tools to
display this spatial phenomenadisplay this spatial phenomena Other disciplines and sectors are using Other disciplines and sectors are using
mapping to problem solve mapping to problem solve • Private industryPrivate industry
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Maps: Maps: Powerful Visual Powerful Visual
ToolsTools Why is a map an Why is a map an
excellent visual tool to excellent visual tool to inform someone about inform someone about an issue/problem or an issue/problem or solution?solution?• Maps are incredibly Maps are incredibly
efficient, compacting efficient, compacting volumes of data into single volumes of data into single pictures that can be pictures that can be understood at a glanceunderstood at a glance
One map may contain One map may contain tens of thousands of tens of thousands of pieces of information than pieces of information than can be understood in can be understood in secondsseconds
• A good map can enable A good map can enable you to tell a story or solve you to tell a story or solve a problema problem
Research has shown that Research has shown that people can solve problems people can solve problems faster with map based faster with map based information, than by information, than by looking at charts, tables or looking at charts, tables or graphsgraphs
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Neighborhoods and Neighborhoods and Access to OpportunityAccess to Opportunity
Five decades of research Five decades of research indicate that your indicate that your environment has a environment has a profound impact on your profound impact on your access to opportunity and access to opportunity and likelihood of successlikelihood of success
Impoverished African Impoverished African Americans and Latinos are Americans and Latinos are far more likely to live in far more likely to live in neighborhoods of neighborhoods of concentrated povertyconcentrated poverty• These high poverty These high poverty
environments create environments create deplorable living deplorable living conditions and are a conditions and are a manifestation of living manifestation of living isolated from opportunityisolated from opportunity
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Neighborhood Neighborhood SegregationSegregation
School SegregationSchool Segregation
Racial stigma, other Racial stigma, other psychological impactspsychological impacts
Job segregationJob segregation
Impacts on community Impacts on community power and individual power and individual
assetsassets
Impacts on Educational Impacts on Educational AchievementAchievement
The Cumulative Impacts of Spatial, Racial and The Cumulative Impacts of Spatial, Racial and Opportunity SegregationOpportunity Segregation
Exposure to crime; arrestExposure to crime; arrest
Transportation limitations Transportation limitations and other inequitable public and other inequitable public servicesservices
Adapted from figure by Barbara Reskin at: http://faculty.washington.edu/reskin/
Neighborhood Segregation impacts a number of life-opportunitiesNeighborhood Segregation impacts a number of life-opportunities
Impacts on HealthImpacts on Health
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Location determines access to Location determines access to schools….schools….
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jobs…jobs…
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neighborhood amenities…neighborhood amenities…
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Opportunity MappingOpportunity Mapping Opportunity mapping is a research tool Opportunity mapping is a research tool
used to understand the dynamics of used to understand the dynamics of “opportunity” within metropolitan “opportunity” within metropolitan areasareas
The purpose of opportunity mapping is The purpose of opportunity mapping is to illustrate where opportunity rich to illustrate where opportunity rich communities exist (and assess who communities exist (and assess who has access to these communities) has access to these communities) • Also, to understand what needs to be Also, to understand what needs to be
remedied in opportunity poor communities remedied in opportunity poor communities
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background (background (contd.contd.))
Resulted in a methodology that captures Resulted in a methodology that captures region wide opportunity distribution, in a region wide opportunity distribution, in a comprehensive manner and it is reflective comprehensive manner and it is reflective of today’s metropolitan characteristicsof today’s metropolitan characteristics• Ignores Urban-Suburban dichotomyIgnores Urban-Suburban dichotomy
Reflective of new trends: decline of the inner Reflective of new trends: decline of the inner suburbs, exurbs, inner city gentrificationsuburbs, exurbs, inner city gentrification
Reflective of the unique nature of each Reflective of the unique nature of each community: e.g. Austin, TX vs. Cleveland, OHcommunity: e.g. Austin, TX vs. Cleveland, OH
EducationEducation• Student/Teacher ratio? Test scores? Student mobility?Student/Teacher ratio? Test scores? Student mobility?
Economic/Employment IndicatorsEconomic/Employment Indicators• Unemployment rate? Proximity to employment? Job creation?Unemployment rate? Proximity to employment? Job creation?
Neighborhood QualityNeighborhood Quality• Median home values? Crime rate? Housing vacancy rate?Median home values? Crime rate? Housing vacancy rate?
Mobility/Transportation IndicatorsMobility/Transportation Indicators• Mean commute time? Access to public transit?Mean commute time? Access to public transit?
Health & Environmental IndicatorsHealth & Environmental Indicators• Access to health care? Exposure to toxic waste? Proximity to Access to health care? Exposure to toxic waste? Proximity to
parks or open space?parks or open space?
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Subsidized Subsidized housing housing opportunities in opportunities in Baltimore are Baltimore are generally generally clustered in the clustered in the region’s lowest region’s lowest opportunity opportunity neighborhoodsneighborhoods
Baltimore Opportunity and
Subsidized Housing
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