Necessary grid extensions and reinforcements to facilitate the connection of wind energy to the grid Mario Valente Grid Planning Unit – TERNA Conference on WIND ENERGY AND GRID INTEGRATION Madrid , 24-25 January 2006 [email protected]
Necessary grid extensions and reinforcements to facilitate the connection of wind energy to the grid
Mario ValenteGrid Planning Unit – TERNA
Conference onWIND ENERGY AND GRID INTEGRATION
Madrid , 24-25 January 2006 [email protected]
+GRTN(asset management)
ISO
Dispatching andGrid development
planning
TERNA(asset ownership)
GRTNGestore del sistema elettrico
-- Purchase and sale of renewable energy- Qualification of renewable sources plants- Issue of Green Certificates- GME and AU
TERNARete Elettrica Nazionale
TSO
Maintenance and Maintenance and Grid development Grid development
implementationimplementation
Merger
-- Dispatching & securityDispatching & security-- Grid operation & maintenanceGrid operation & maintenance-- Planning and implementation Planning and implementation
of grid development of grid development
Merging GRTN & TERNA
Year 2004 – from production to consumption
Water Water
WindWind
GeothermalGeothermal
Wind energy 1,8TWh
Industrial consumption
Household consumption
Agricultural consumption
Service-sector consumption
Geothermic source 5,1 TWh
Hydro source 48,0 TWh
NATIONAL GRIDNATIONAL GRID380380--220220--150150--132 kV132 kV
Net Net ImportsImports
CoalCoal Oil Oil GasGas
Thermal source 221,5 TWhNet of electricity consumed by pumping
14.2%14.2%
14,9%14,9%
68,7%68,7%
0,60,6%%
1,6%1,6%
45,6 TWh
51,2%154,2 TWh
1,7%5,2 TWh
21,5%64,8 TWh
25,6%77,2 TWh25,6%
77,2 TWh
Electricity supplied 322,0 TWh
Grid losses 20,6 TWh
(provisional data)
National Electricity Balance
AustriaSwitzerland
France
FIUMESANTO S/E
CODRONGIANOS
SELARGIUS
CAGLIARI SUD
RUMIANCA
SORGENTE
PATERNO’
CHIAROMONTE G.
RIZZICONI
ROSSANOLAINO
MATERA
GALATINA 400 kV dcline
Greece
BRINDISI
TARANTO N.
BARI OVEST
ANDRIAFOGGIA
BENEVENTOPATRIA
LARINO
TERAMO
CEPRANO
LATINA
VALMONTONEROMA s.
TORVALDALIGA s.TORVALDALIGA n.MONTALTO c.le
ROSARA
CANDIA
FANO
S.GIACOMO
TAVARNUZZE
CALENZANO
ACCIAIOLOLIVORNO
LA SPEZIA
VADO LIGURE
S.MARTINO xxFORLI’
RAVENNA C..COLUNGAMARTIG.
CARPI
RUBIERA
PARMAFERRARA
LA CASELLA
VIGNOLECASTELN.
MAGLIANO
VILLARODIN
CASANOVAPIOSSASCO
LEINI’
PLANAIS
REDIPUGLIAUDINE O.
CORDIGNANO
VEDEL.SANDRIGO
VENEZIA N.
DOLOCAMINADRIA
ALBERTVILLE
LAVORGO
SOAZZA
DIVACCIASlovenia
DUGALE
ROCCA
PIASTRA
TRINO N.
TURBIGO
RONCOV.
EDOLO
S:FIORANO
OSTIGLIACAORSO
ROSEN
PORTO TOLLE
P. CORSINI
MONFALCONE
PIOMBINO
VILLAVALLE
PRESENZANO
ISAB
SARLUX
BARGI
200 kV c.c.
F.SANTO carbone
S.Teresa
BONIFACIO
BASTIA
LUCCIANA EDF
SUVERETO
ROMA n.
FEROLETOSCANDALE
PATERNO’
CHIAROMONTE G.
MONTECORVINOSTRIANO
S.SOFIA
GARIGLIANO S.MARIA C.V.
VILLANOVA
PIETRAFITTA
ABBADIAS.BARBARA
MARGINONE
S.DAMASOPIACENZA
RONDISSONETAVAZZ.
VENAUS
MERCALLO
380 kV Italian Transmission Network
ROBBIA
Power plant380 kV substationSubstation under construction
Single circuit lineDouble circuit lineLine under constructiondc 200 kV line
220 kV substation
SLOVENIA
AUSTRIAFRANCE & SWITZERLAND
600÷350
430
2206.500
4,80
0
2,200
300
1,600 ÷ 2,300500 GREECE
NTC & inter-area limits in Italy (MW - Winter 2004-05)
Italy largest importer in EU2004 Energy exchanges in Europe (UCTE figures)
TWh
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
(1,2%)(1,2%)
(11,6% )
(5,5 %)
(14,2% )
(6,3% )
(14,7% )(4,4% )
(2,2% )
(8,6% )
2,9
55,0
-7,5 -16,2
6,1
-2,5
0,1
-45,6
0,8
-2,8
E F B NL D A CH I SLO GRNet import-export % over country load demand (provisional data)
153,2 179,7 202,9
81,595,8
114,068,373,7
82,521,0
23,5
26,75,9
5,6
5,2
2005 2010 2015
378,3
432,0
329,2
Industry
AgricultureGrid Losses
Household UsesService Sector
1,9%1,9%
3,4%3,4%
2,8%2,8%
1,3%1,3%
2,8%2,8%
2,4%2,4%
Electricity demand forecast2005 – 2015, TWh
CAGR2005-2015
European Union – 34,205 MWOther European Countries – 197 MWTotal Capacity – 34,402 MW
Europe’s Wind Capacity – End 2004 (Source EWEA)
5228,263
386
888
339
95
35
1,078
3,117
16082
442
7
51
166069
17
63
26
6
16,629
1,125
20465
6
2
7
5
1
(Values updated by the end of August 2005)
SLOVENIASLOVENIA
FRANCEFRANCE
SWITZERLANDSWITZERLAND AUSTRIAAUSTRIA
299
344
TOTAL (MW)
1.603
TOTAL (MW)
1.603
Development of wind farms by the end of 2005Wind Power plants increase
664780
874
1132
1603
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
MW
SardiniaAt the end of 2007 43% of off-peak load
demand SicilyAt the end of 2007 38% of off-peak load
demand
11
194
755
36
326
1.516
1.126
North
Centre
South
Islands
SLOVENIASLOVENIA
FRANCEFRANCE
SWITZERLANDSWITZERLAND AUSTRIAAUSTRIA
168
158
400
593
533
303
197
616
36
TOTAL (MW) 3.004TOTAL (MW) 3.004
Wind generation capacity in 2008
Total Wind connection applications to transmission grid: 22.400 MW
Wind atlas
Main issues related to wind farm development
Mainly distributed in major IslandsSardinia is linked with Italy with a dc 200 kV lineLimited transport capability (300 MW) and operational flexibility (few fast reversal/Year) and modulation rangeConventional power plant: few units, large size with high technical minimum difficulty in managing load ramping in case of wind decrease
Big amount “Cip 6/92” Power Plant, with priority dispatching
Wind power plant located in region of low power demand
Wind energy to be transmitted over long distances to the load centres
Necessity of grid extension
Sardinia380 e 220 kV Transmission Network
CODRONGIANUS
NUOROOTTANA
ORISTANO
TALORO
ORISTANO
VILLASOR
FIUME SANTO
SASSARI
CAGLIARICAGLIARI SUD
SELARGIUS
RUMIANCA
SARLUX
SULCISEURAL.SAMIN
PORTOSCUSO
dc 200 kV lineLUCCIANA (F)
TIRSO
LATINA
13
Power Plant
Substation
220 kV single circuit line220 kV double line380 kV single circuit line380 kV single circuit line
Peak Load Demand 1,9 GW
Regional Power Generation
3,5 GW
Imports/Exports 0,3 GW
Voltage levels of transmission grid
380-220-150-132 kV
Network configuration
Mesh (EHV)–Radial (HV-MV)
Interconnection DC link
380 e 220 kV Transmission NetworkSicily
PARTANNA
BELLOLAMPO
PARTINICO
CIMINNA
TERMINI I.
CARACOLI
AGRIGENTO FAVARA
CHIAROMONTE G.
PATERNO’
ANAPO
MESSINACORRIOLO
MISTERBIANCO
CATANIA
PRIOLO
SIRACUSA
MELILLI
RAGUSA
PALERMO
TRAPANI
TRAPANI
RAGUSA
DEL MELAS.FILIPPO
SORGENTE
ENNA
RIZZICONI
POLIMERI
CALTANISSETTA
DUFERDOFIN
ISAB
da eliminare
Da declassare a 150 kV
Peak Load Demand
3,6 GW
Regional Power Generation
5,7 GW
Exports 0,1-0,6 GW
Voltage levels of transmission grid
380-220-150-132 kV
Network configuration
Mesh (EHV)–Radial (HV-MV)
Interconnection AC link
Regions: Sardinia , Toscana, Marche, Umbria, Lazio, Abruzzo e Molise
é
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SA RL U X
LA R N O
AU R EL A
S LU C I A
SU VE R E T O
RU M IA NC A
ROMA SUD
MO N TA L T O
RO M A ES T
SE L AR G I US
RO M A N O R D
VI LL A N O V A
PR ES E NZ AN O
ROSARA
VA L M O N T O N E
CE PR A N O
CA G L A R I SU D
M O N T A L TO C . L E
T O R R EV AL D A LI G A
FIUME SANTO
PIOMBINO
T O R R EV AL D A L G A N O R D
CODROGIANOS
S G IA C O M O
LATINA
LUCCIANA EDF
#
#
#
##
#TAVARNUZZE
CALENZANOPOGGIO A CAIANO
S. BARBARA
ACCIAIOLO
LA SPEZIA
ROSEN
BARGI
ROMA OVEST
CANDIA
LIVORNO
ENERGIA MOLISE
120 -> 132 kV
SAPEI – Sardinia – Mainland dc 500 kV link
Substation 380/132 kV in Abbadia (MC)
Grid development
Regions: Campania, Puglia e Basilicata
380 kV single circuit line Foggia - Benevento
é
#
#
BARI OVEST
LAINO
MONTECORVINO
LARINO
GALATINA
TARANTO NORD
BRINDISIPATRIA
PRESENZANO
GARIGLIANO
S.M. CAPUA V.
BRINDISI NORD
BRINDISI SUD
ANDRIA
MIRANT S. SEVERO 400 MW
ENERGIA TERMOLI 800 MW
ENIPOWER BRINDISI 1170 MW
FOGGIA
BENEVENTO
MATERA
CANDELA
380 kV single circuit lineMatera – S.Sofia
Substation near Bari
Substation near Vesuvio (NA)
380 kV double circuit lineMontecorvino - Benevento
S. SOFIA
Grid development
Possible new substation 380/150 kV
near Candela
CASALVECCHIOPIETRACATELLA
VOLTURARA
ALBERONA
ROSETO
MONTEFALCONECOLLE SANNITA
FOIANO
CERCEMAGGIORE
CAMPOBASSO
PRESENZANO
S.SOFIA BENEVENTO 2
BENEVENTO N.
BENEVENTO IND.
APICE FS
ARIANO IRPINO
SAVIGNANO FS
FLUMERI
ACCADIA
LACEDONIA
BISACCIA
ASCOLI SATRIANO
MELFI IND.
EOS 1 TROIA
TROIAORSARA
LUCERA
AVELLINO
AGIP DELICETO
FOGGIA
FOGGIA 380 KV
FOGGIAFS
FOGGIA IND.
ANDRIABARI O.
TRINITAPOLI
ALENIA
ORTANOVA
CERIGNOLA FS
S.SEVERO FS
S.SEVERO
S.GIOVANNI ROTONDO
MANFREDONIA
P.D.R. CELLE S.VITO
C.LE EDISON CANDELA
MONTESARCHIO
AIROLA
BOVINO
BOVINO FS
CALITRI
VALLESACCARDA
To streghten
removetransmission
constraint
FOGGIA O.
NEW 380 SUBSTATION
Grid development in Campania and Puglia
Regions Calabria and Sicily
380 kV double circuit line Sorgente-Rizziconi
380 kV single circuit line Chiaramonte - Ciminna
PARTANNA
BELLOLAMPO
PARTINICOTERMINI I.
CARACOLI
AGRIGENTO FAVARA
PATERNO’
ANAPO
CORRIOLO
MISTERBIANCO
CATANIA
PRIOLO
SIRACUSA
MELILLI
RAGUSA
PALERMO
TRAPANI
TRAPANI
RAGUSA
S.FILIPPODEL MELA
ENNA
POLIMERI
CALTANISSETTA
DUFERDOFIN
ISAB
CIMINNA
CHIAROMONTE G.
MESSINA
CROTONE
EDISONSimeri Crichi (CZ) – 800 MW
EDISON Altomonte (CS) – 800 MW
MONTECORVINO
da declassare a 150 kV
PISTICCI
tratto da demolire
SCANDALE
FEROLETO 380 kV
MUCONE 1 2
COSENZA
CATANZAROVIBOVALENTIA
REGGIOCALABRIA
MATERA
ROTONDA
ROSSANO – 1600 MW
MERCURE
LAINO
RIZZICONI
EDISON Pianopoli (CZ) – 800 MW
SORGENTE
Grid development
Specific requirements of the grid for wind energy
In order to integrate a big amount of wing generation in the Italian electric system, maintaining the security and quality conditions, it is appropriate that wind generation meet some requirements :
Capability to not disconnect during short-circuits
Participation in solving technical restrinctions, specially in critical stability situation
Participation in voltage regulation
Participation in frequency regulation
Forecast of the production
All issues are under discussion with the Italian Regulator
Network development process
The Development Plan is worked yearly out according to the planning scenarios, on the basis of:
Demand growth per each area
Development of new production units (Thermal + Wind)
Location of new generation on the territory
Signals from the power exchange
New transformersNew transformers (MVA)(MVA) 14.85014.850 2.8402.840 0 0 17.69017.690
ShortShort--medium term medium term 10.850 2.430 0 13.280
MediumMedium--long term long term 4.000 410 0 4.410
Lines (km) Lines (km) 3.2403.240 -- 990 1.080990 1.080 3.3303.330
ShortShort--medium term medium term 2.320 - 260 890 2.950
MediumMedium--long term long term 920 - 730 190 380
380 kV380 kV 220 kV 120220 kV 120--150 kV150 kV TotalTotal
2006-2015 Network Development Plan in ItalyCharacterization of new investments
Difficulties in building new high voltage lines due to authorisation problems
Authorization problems
People opposition linked to increased (excessive) environmental sensitivity, often connected to EMFDifficulties in identifying new feasible routes due to intense human territorial penetrationLack of integration between electrical and territorial/environmental planningUnsatisfactory results and uncertain timetable of present authorization procedures (EIA)
Main issues in developing the network
TSOs not in charge of power plants localizationLocalization based on different technical & economical reasons (not linked to network presence)
Brown fields & existing infrastructuresCogenerationExploitation of wind & hydro resourcesPresence of the natural gas networkAcceptance by resident people and municipalitiesWeak Locational Signals, not EU coordinated
Network development to be consistent with market requirements
SEA – Strategic Environmental AssessmentA new tool to gather consensous
EC Directive 42/2001 introduced the public evaluation of developments plans, including electricity infrastructure plans
• Support tool to find macro optionsduring the localization phase
• Better co-ordination of network and territorial planning
• Introduction of network & infrastructure corridors
• Better involvement of central & local authorities
SEA – Exclusion/Repulsion/Attraction (ERA) criteria
ERA Criteria ERA Criteria -- Legend and examplesLegend and examplesE1 = Exclusion – Law constraints (military areas, airports)
E2 = Exclusion – Social & Environment factors (cities, lakes, archaeol. sites)
E3 = Exclusion – Hydro-geological constraints (landslide areas, etc.
E4 = Exclusion – Other environmental constraints (regional and national parks: can evolve in R1 in absence of alternatives)
R1 = Repulsion – Constraints which may be overcome in absence of alternatives (Sites of Community Importance, Special Protected Zones)
R2 = Repulsion – Constraints which may be overcome by implementing technical prescriptions (pylones painting, distances)
N = Neutral areas – No localization influence
A1 = Attraction – Presence of natural elements which hide new constructions A2 = Attraction – Preferential areas (Infrastructure corridors, industrial areas)
SEA – Preferential corridors and routes
Route 1
Route 2 (Preferential)Repulsion Area
Exclusion Area
Station A Station B
Pylons, are not theybeautiful?
Thank you for your attention
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