Near field communication

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NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION

PRESENTED BY: NAGESH MISHRA

OutlineIntroduction.Related Technologies in wireless

communication.NFC and Its Technical Features, modes of

operation. Categories. Uses of NFC.NFC-Bluetooth integration.E-wallet.

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3 Radio Based Technologies

Bluetooth technology is capable of forming small wireless networks between devices. Bluetooth enabled devices can be put into “discoverable” mode allowing them to announce their presence to other devices.

RFID is a technology that uses communication via radio waves to exchange data between a reader and an electronic tag attached to an object, for the purpose of identification and tracking. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. The application of bulk reading enables an almost parallel reading of tags.

Near Field Communication or NFC, is a short-range high frequency wireless communication technology which enables the exchange of data between devices over about a 10 centimeter (around 4 inches) distance.[

What is NFC?NFC (Near Field Communication) is a

wireless proximity communication technology.

It was jointly developed by Sony and Philips.The NFC transmission runs helping duplex,

i.e. that one of the two devices can send only in each case or receive at a time.

It’s a tag, and a reader Based Technology.More point up authenticate of personal than

RFID.

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Technical FeaturesIEEE 802.11 is a set of standards for implementing

wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communication.

NFC is based on RFID which is a system that communicates using radio waves between a reader and an electronic tag attached to an object.

NFC Has A frequency of 13.56 MHzNFC has a short range and supports encryptionNFC employs two different coding to transfer data. If

an active device transfers data at 106 Kbit/s, a modified Miller coding  is used. In all other cases Manchester coding is used.

Wireless Communication Technology Comparision

Wi-Fi Bluetooth

Infrared NFC

Range 0 ~ 100 m

0 ~ 10 m

0 ~ 1 m < 50 cm

Transfer rate

High54 Mbps

Medium1 Mbps

Medium

Low424 kbps

Security Low High Low Very High

Cost High Medium Medium Very Low

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NFC vs. Bluetooth

Bluetooth was invented in 1994 by Ericsson Company. . As far back as 2005, Nokia launched the Nokia 3220 with an NFC-modified back cover. But it was only really in 2007 with the Nokia 6131 NFC, that the tech started to make waves.

Bluetooth didn't fail, it just didn't evolve. Failures in basic stack implementation like Buffer overflows. Numerous applications can exploit Bluetooth like Bluetooth scanner. Worms already exist like Pocket(Duts/Dust) and Symbian (Cabir) Bluetooth has the ability to handle data and voice transmissions at the same

time which allows it to be used in a wide range of applications capabilities. NFC has the Ability to interact with passive devices and is secure and fast. There are a number of security risks associated with this technology, such as

“Bluejacking” and “Bluebugging”. New Game for Hackers : Hackers are becoming increasingly interested in

attacking Bluetooth devices. Bluetooth devices can also be targets of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks 7

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What are the benefits of NFC? The NFC provides the following comprehensive list of benefits:• Intuitive: NFC interactions require no more than a simple touch.• Versatile: NFC is ideally suited to the broadest range of industries, environments, and uses.• Open and standards-based: The underlying layers of NFC technology follow universally implemented ISO, ECMA, and ETSI standards.• Technology-enabling: NFC facilitates fast and simple setup of wireless technologies, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi.• Inherently secure: NFC transmissions are short range (from a touch to a few centimetres).• Interoperable: NFC works with existing contactless card technologies.• Security-ready: NFC has built-in capabilities to support secure applications.

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TagsPassive entities.Tags are Unpowered chips having built-in

radios and wireless reader.Finland became the world’s most NFC tagged

city with 1500 NFC info tags installed.

Modes of Communication There are two modes:Passive communication mode: The initiator device

provides a carrier fields and the target device answers by modulating the existing field. In this mode, the target device may draw its operating power from the initiator-provided electromagnetic field, thus making the target device a transponder.

Active communication mode: Both initiator and target device communicate by alternately generating their own fields. A device deactivates its RF field while it is waiting for data. In this mode, both devices typically have power supplies.

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Why do I Need NFC? The major advantage of NFC over other

wireless communication technology isNFC offers a low-speed connection with

extremely simple setup which is very quick.Security related features.Versatility.Cheap. A single tag costs around 5 cents.

Operational ModesReader/Writer Mode(Proximity Coupling

Device):This mode allow the user to retrieve additional information.

Peer-to-Peer: This mode allow two NFC enabled devices to establish a bidirectional connection to exchange contacts, Bluetooth pairing information or any other kind of data.

Card Emulation (Proximity Inductive Coupling Card, PICC):This mode is useful for payment and ticketing applications for example.

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Uses of NFC

Connect electronic devices . Access digital content, using a wireless device such as a mobile phone

to read a “smart” poster embedded with an RF tag,url etc. Make contactless transactions, including those for payment, access

and ticketing. Exchange of information such as schedules, maps, business card and

coupon delivery in a few hundred milliseconds; Pay for items just by waving your phone over the NFC capable devices. Transferring images, posters for displaying and printing It could, for example, replace the pairing step of

establishing connections. NFC can be used in social networking situations, such as sharing

contacts, photos, videos or files ,and entering multiplayer mobile games.

Reading information and “picking up” special offers, coupons and discounts from smart posters or smart billboards

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Uses of NFC

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Categories of NFCTouch and Go: Applications such as access control or

transport/event ticketing, where the user needs only to bring the device storing the ticket or access code close to the reader. Also, for simple data capture applications, such as picking up an Internet URL from a smart label on a poster.

Touch and Confirm: Applications such as mobile payment where the user has to confirm the interaction by entering a password or just accepting the transaction.

Touch and Connect: Linking two NFC-enabled devices to enable peer to peer transfer of data such as downloading music, exchanging images or synchronizing address books.

Touch and Explore: NFC devices may offer more than one possible function. The consumer will be able to explore a device's capabilities to find out which functionalities and services are offered. Eg-url tags

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Why not NFC!!!Currently, there are not many NFC devices and NFC tag based

system available.Some Security threats like: Ghost and Leech, using an RFID reader to steal or transmit the

victim’s credentials to a fake RFID card. This is an attack that extends the range (normally a few centimetres) of a “tap and pay” transaction, letting an attacker basically pick your virtual pocket.  Attackers can buy used RFID readers to assist in pulling off this attack.

Collin Mulliner’s Python NDEF library, tools for reading and writing NFC tags. Mulliner has demonstrated phishing, fuzzing, and spoofing attacks against mobile phones with NFC. The library was developed for use against a specific NFC-enabled phone, but the greater availability of new Android-based NFC phones will make it easier to update in the future.

Limited range

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NFC, A Future TechnologyNew generations of iPhone, iPod and iPad

products would reportedly be equipped with NFC capability which would enable small-scale monetary transactions

May 2011, Google announced Google Wallet, an Android application that will make use of NFC to make payments at stores

Microsoft announced that all Windows Phone 8 devices will make use of the NFC technology.

Controller of the Wii U home console will have install a NFC function

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NFC enabled phonesNexus S, Samsung Galaxy SII ,Samsung Galaxy noteHTC Amaze 4GNokia C7BlackBerry Torch 9810/9860

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Example Use Cases

Purchase a product from a poster

Download media content from poster

Send links to friends

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NFC-Bluetooth IntegrationIt could, for example, replace the pairing step

of establishing Bluetooth connections.

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Buzzing Technology

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Thank You!