NDLTD Resources & Projects ETD 2006 U.S. Regional Conference St. Louis, Missouri October 27-28, 2006 Edward A. Fox, Executive Director, NDLTD [email protected].

NDLTDResources & Projects

ETD 2006 U.S. Regional ConferenceSt. Louis, Missouri

October 27-28, 2006

Edward A. Fox,Executive Director, NDLTD

[email protected] http://fox.cs.vt.edu

Outline

AcknowledgementsInfo Life Cycle, DLs, 5S, DL Curric, OAIETDs and NDLTDPartnerships, Union Catalog, Access,

Preservation, ResearchSummary and Conclusions

Acknowledgements

• All those working with ETDs

• NDLTD, including Board, Committees, and Members

• ETD 2006 US Regional Conference Team

• Sponsors

• Presenters, Attendees

Acknowledgements: ETD Mtgs• 1987 mtg in Ann Arbor: UMI, VT, …• 1992 mtg in Washington, DC: CNI, CGS, UMI, VT and 10

universities with 3 reps each• 1993 mtg in Atlanta to start Monticello Electronic Library

(regional, US Southeast): SURA, SOLINET• 1994 mtg at VT: std: PDF + SGML + multimedia objects• 1996 funding by SURA, US Dept. of Education (FIPSE)• 1997 meetings in UK, Germany, ...• 1998 – 1st symposium – Memphis (20)• 1999 – 2nd symposium – Blacksburg (70)• 2000 – 3rd symposium – St. Petersburg (225)• 2001 – 4th symposium – Caltech (200)• 2002 – 5th symposium – BYU, Provo, Utah• 2003 – 6th symposium – Berlin (215) • 2004 – 7th symposium – U. Kentucky• 2005 – 8th symposium – Sydney, Australia• 2006 – 9th symposium – Quebec City, Canada

Acknowledgements:Future ETD Conferences

• 2007 – 10th symposium– Uppsala University, Sweden– 13-16 June

• 2008 – 11th symposium– Dartington College of Arts, Devon, UK– 29 June – 2 July (tentative)

Outline



Borgman et al.:Workshop Report onSocial Aspects ofDigital Libraries: http://www-lis.gseis.ucla.edu/DL/

InformationLifeCycle

Information Life Cycle

AuthoringModifying

OrganizingIndexing

StoringRetrieving

DistributingNetworking

Retention/ Mining

AccessingFiltering

UsingCreating

AuthoringModifying

OrganizingIndexing

Storing

Archiving

NetworkingAccessing

Filtering

Creation

DistributionUtilization

Significance

Similarity

Pertinence

AccuracyCompletenessConformance

Seeking

SearchingBrowsingRecommending

Relevance

Timeliness

Accessibility

Accessibility

Inactive

Active

Discard

RetentionMining

Semi-Active

Preservability

Timeliness

Preservability

Describing

Quality and the Information Life Cycle

crea

tion

distributionsee

kingutilization

E1:starting

E2: chaining

E3: browsin

g

E4: diffe

rentia

ting

E5: monito

ring

E6: extra

cting

storing, archiving,

networking

K1:

in

itia

tion

K2:

se

lectio

n

K3:

explorationK4:

formulation

K5: collection

K6:

presentation

auth

orin

g, m

odify

ing,

desc

ribin

g org

anizi

ng, i

ndex

ing

pres

erva

bilit

y,

sim

ilari

ty,

tim

elin

ess,

accuracy, completeness,

conformance accessibility, preservability

DL Success Constructs

Activ

e Semi-active

Inactive

E: Ellis’ modelK: Kuhlthau’s model

Digital Libraries (DLs) -- Objectives

• World Lit.: 24hr / 7day / from desktop• Ubiquitous• Integrated “super” information systems• Usable, Useful• Higher Quality, Lower Cost • Education, Knowledge Sharing, Discovery• Disintermediation -> Collaboration • Universities Reclaim Property• Interactive Courseware, Student Works

Informal 5S & DL Definitions

DLs are complex systems that

• help satisfy info needs of users (societies)

• provide info services (scenarios)

• organize info in usable ways (structures)

• present info in usable ways (spaces)

• communicate info with users (streams)

Digital Object

RepositoryCollection Minimal DL

Metadata Catalog

Descriptive Metadata

Specification

A Minimal DL in the 5S Framework

Structural Metadata

Specification

Streams Structures Spaces Scenarios Societies

indexing

browsing searching

services

hypertext

Structured Stream

Browsing Collaborating Customizing Filtering Providing access Recommending Requesting Searching Visualizing

Annotating Classifying Clustering Evaluating Extracting Indexing

Measuring Publicizing

Rating Reviewing (peer)

Surveying Translating

(language)

Conserving Converting

Copying/Replicating Emulating Renewing

Translating (format)

Acquiring Cataloging

Crawling (focused) Describing Digitizing

Federating Harvesting Purchasing Submitting

Preservational Creational

Add Value

Repository-Building

Information Satisfaction

Services

Infrastructure Services

DL Curriculum Development Project

• Collaborative Research launched by:- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech

- School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

• Three year (2006 - 2008) funded project

DL Topics in 19 Modules (original)

OAI = Technical Umbrella forPractical Interoperability…

ReferenceLibraries

PublishersE-Print

Archives

…that can be exploited by different communities

Museums

OAI – Repository PerspectiveRequired: Protocol

DODO DO DO

MDO

MDO MDOMDOMDO

MDOMDOMDO

OAI – Black Box Perspective

OA 1

OA 2

OA 4

OA 3

OA 5OA 6

OA 7

DiscoveryCurrent

AwarenessPreservation

Service Providers

Data Providers

Meta

data

harv

estin

g

The World According to OAI

Outline



ETDs: History of Rationales

• EPub: SGML, Electronic Manuscript Project

• Graduate Education: Reach next generation of researchers, educators, leaders

• DL: Testbed, demonstration, case study

• Institutional Repository: Good place to start since is easy, inexpensive, beneficial, and can be extended to lead to other beneficial activities

The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations

www.NDLTD.org

Leader of the Worldwide ETD(Electronic Thesis and Dissertation) Initiative

Training AuthorsExpanding Access

Preserving KnowledgeImproving Graduate Education

Enhancing Scholarly CommunicationEmpowering Students & Universities

QuickTime™ and aCinepak decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-2227102539751141/

http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-2227102539751141/unrestricted/Ali_Pasa.QT

http://www.ngo.org/

NDLTD: How can a university get involved?

• Select planning/implementation team– Graduate School– Library– Computing / Information Technology– Institutional Research / Educ. Tech.

• Join as a member• Adapt a proven approach

– Build interest and consensus– Start trial / allow optional submission

NDLTD Goals

• For Students:– Gain knowledge and skills for the Information Age,

especially about Digital Libraries– Richer communication (digital info, multimedia, …)

• For Universities: – Easy way to enter the digital library field and benefit

• For the World: – Global digital library – large, useful, many services

• Generally: – Save time and money– Increased visibility for all associated with university

research results

Some Countries• Argentina• Australia• Belgium• Brazil• Canada• Chile• China, Hong Kong• Columbia• Finland• France• Germany• Greece• India• Italy• Jamaica• Korea• Lithuania• Malaysia• Mexico• Namibia• Netherlands

• Namibia• Netherlands• Norway• Peru• Poland• Russia• Singapore• S. Africa• S. Korea• Spain• Sudan• Sweden• Switzerland• Taiwan• Thailand• Turkey• UK• Ukraine• United Arab Emirates• USA• Venezuela• Yugoslavia

Selected Projects / Sponsors

• Australia (ADT)• Brazil (BDT, IBICT)• Canada• Catalunya• Chile (Cybertesis)• China (CALIS)• Germany• India (Vidyanidhi)• Korea• OhioLINK: 79

colleges/univs

• Portugal (National Library)

• South Africa• Texas Digital Library• UK (British Library,

JISC, Edinburgh, …)• UNESCO (especially

Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa)

• …

NDLTD Members - 1Association Research Libraries

Ball State University

Brigham Young University

California Institute of Tech.

Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya

Georg August Universität Göttingen

George Washington University

Georgetown University

Georgia Institute of Technology

Georgia Southern University

Georgia State University

Government of Canada

Griffith University

John Hopkins University

Kauno Technologijos Universitetas

Louisiana State University

L'Université du Québec à Rimouski

McGill University

New Jersey Institute of Technology

Ohio University

Oregon State U. Library

NDLTD Members - 2Penn State University

Pontifícia U. Católica do Rio de Janeiro

Portugal National Library

Rhodes University

Rita Chu (individual)

Simon Fraser University

State of Kansas

Texas Tech University

Triangle Research Lib. Net.

U. de las Américas, Puebla

Universität St. Gallen

U. Alabama at Birmingham

U. Arizona

U. Glasgow

U. Hong Kong

U. Kentucky

U. Maine

U. Missouri

U. New Orleans

U. North Texas

U. Pittsburgh

U. Pretoria

U. Southern Florida

U. Tennessee

U. Waterloo

Uppsala Universitet

Utah Academic Library Assn.

Virginia Commonwealth U.

Virginia Tech

West Virginia U. Libraries

Worcester Polytechnic Inst.

Yale University

NDLTD Member Support

• Annual conference (…, Germany, …, Sweden, UK)• ETD-L – listserv for discussion• Union catalog• Services for access: VT, OCLC, VTLS, Scirus,

Google Scholar, …• Information for ETD projects

– Standards, documentation (Guide, Marcel Dekker book)

• Advocacy for ETD activities worldwide• …

NDLTD Incorporation

• Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations incorporated May 20, 2003 in Virginia, USA

• Charitable and educational purposes (501 c 3)

• Officers– Executive Director (Ed Fox)– Secretary (Gail McMillan)– Treasurer (Scott Eldredge)

Board of Directors• Suzie Allard (ETD2004, U. Kentucky)• Denise A. D. Bedford (World Bank)• Julia C. Blixrud (ARL, SPARC)• José Luis Borbinha (Natl Lib Portugal)• Alex Byrne (ETD2005, ADT: Australia)• Tony Cargnelutti (ETD2005, Australia)• Vinod Chachra (VTLS)• William Clark (Ohio State U.)• Susan Copeland (RGU, UK)• Jude Edminster (Bowling Green St. U.)• Scott Eldredge (Treasurer, ETD2002, BYU)• Edward A. Fox (Exec Director,Virginia

Tech)• John H. Hagen (West Virginia U.)• Thomas B. Hickey (OCLC)

• Christine Jewell (U. Waterloo, Canada)• Joan K. Lippincott (CNI)• Austin McLean (ProQuest)• Gail McMillan (Secretary, Virginia Tech)• Joseph Moxley (ETD2000, USF)• Eva Müller (U. Uppsala, Sweden)• Ana Pavani (PUC Rio, Brazil)• Sharon Reeves (Nat’l Library Canada)• Janice Rickards (chair of ADT)• Peter Schirmbacher (ETD2003,

Humboldt)• Samson Soong (Hong Kong U. Science

& Technology)• Hussein Suleman (U.Cape Town, S.

Africa)• Shalini R. Urs (U. Mysore, India)• Eric F. Van de Velde (ETD2001, Caltech)• Ellen Wagner (Adobe)

NDLTD Committees (Chairs)• Awards (John Hagen)• Conferences (Sharon Reeves)• Development (Peter Schirmbacher)• Executive (Edward Fox)• Finance (Scott Eldredge)• Implementation (Ana Pavani)• Membership (Eric F. Van de Velde )• Nominating (Joan Lippincott)• Standards (Thomas B. Hickey)• Union Catalog (Vinod Chachra)

NDLTD Committee Activities• Implementation

– How to apply standards?– How to coordinate a national program?– How to launch a pilot project?– How to train students regarding copyright, digital

libraries, electronic publishing, preservation, …?

• Membership, Member Support, Public Relations– How to clarify and publicize member services?– How to double membership in 2 years?– Sub-committees for regional member support?

• Please join / update your Member Info!

Standards

• PDF -> PDF/A

• SGML, XML, XML DTDs, XML Schema

• Multimedia

• References -> Reference List for CrossRef

• Packaging -> METS -> Ease Role of Search Engines

Outline



Partnerships

• UMI/ProQuest• Adobe, IBM, Microsoft, …• UNESCO• OCLC• VTLS• Ex Libris• Scirus• Google

UNESCO and ETDs(by Axel Plathe at ETD2003)

• Promoting the use of the Internet as a tool for disseminating scientific knowledge

• Facilitating the transfer of ETD expertise from developed to developing countries

• 1998: Member of the NDLTD Steering Committee• 1999: First UNESCO ETD meeting on ETD

internationalisation

• 2002: “UNESCO Guide to Electronic Theses and Dissertations”

• 2003: Model training programmes and training courses• 2003: Sponsor pilot projects• 2003: Pilot projects (Africa, Europe, Latin-America)

Union catalog: OCLC

• OCLC runs OAI data provider on TDs.

• Is getting data from WorldCat (so, from many sites!).

• Harvests from all others who contact them (see Thom Hickey).

• Need DC and either ETD-MS or MARC.

• Need a set for ETDs, or separate data provider.

OCLC SRU Interface

ETD Union Search Mirror Site in China (CALIS)(http://ndltd.calis.edu.cn – popular site!)

VTLS

• VTLS offers its free VALET system to manage ETDs at institutions, building upon Fedora, as well as VTLS software.

• VTLS runs a service provider atop the Union Catalog. It supports multilingual access through the interface, to metadata.

VTLS Content Languages

The VTLS service has data in 6 different languages. These are: English German Greek Korean Portuguese Spanish

Examples follow

Language = German; hits = 137

Full record display

Expansion of Full-text Services

• Running since Sept 2005: Scirus• In beta test: Google Scholar• Next: Microsoft ?• Challenges:

– Broadening the coverage since OAI use has not spread as widely as we would like

– Understanding use, throughout life cycle– Data and DL services quality problems– Inconsistency in way to get from metadata to the full-

text file(s)– Cross-language information retrieval

Google Co-op, Custom Search Engines

Preservation Information

• Henry M. Gladney, Ph.D. (408)867-5454 http://home.pacbell.net/hgladney

• A book, "Preserving Digital Information" is to be available approximately February 2007. See

• http://www.springer.com/east/home?SGWID=5-102-22-173677919-0&changeHeader=true&SHORTCUT=www.springer.com/3-540-37886-3

• http://home.pacbell.net/hgladney/PDI_front.pdf

LOCKSS for ETDs

• Lots of copies keep stuff safe

• Stanford (Vicky Reich)

• Initial content: journals

• Experiments, studies of Int’l ETD service– Humboldt, PUC Rio, U. Cape Town, VT, …

• Production service?

User Expertise YearsUsers' Expertise in Years

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Years

Use

rs

Date Stamp of ETD

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

Year

Supply-Demand ComparisonETD Resources and User Demands (Number of Queries) in NDLTD

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Academic Categories

ETDs Demands

1 Architecture and Design

2 Law

3 Medicine, Nursing and Veterinary Medicine

4 Arts and Science

5 Engineering and Applied Science

6 Business and Commerce

7 Education

8 Others. (unclassifiable)

NDLTD cross-language problem

Language NumberEnglish 123,696

Portuguese 11434

German 4131

French 3868

Spanish 1561

Chinese 1463

Catalan 804

Others 19962 (most unclassified)

Total 166919 (summer’05)

Example concept map

Ryan Richardson solution to NDLTD cross-language problem

The Concept Map: From learning tool to cross-language knowledge discovery tool

4. More advanced techniques for concept map creation

ETD of Hussein Suleman’s ETD Chapter 5


Concept map with 65 nodes


Same concept map pruned down to 15 nodes


Detail of ToC maps for ETD by Suleman


Detail of Relex map showing relationship between ‘OAI’ and ‘bandwidth’


Detail of ToC maps showing 1st sentence of section 2.8.

Outline



Summary and Conclusions

(Editorial: ETDs & NDLTD progressing well!)Summary Words and PhrasesCrossing the ChasmStepsSpirit of NDLTDSelected Links

Conference Summary Words - 1

accessibility aggregation alert

annotate archive arts

attitudes authentication authoring

authorization automation browse

catalog collaboration community

components context conversion

customer decentralized digitize

discourse discovery dissemination

DSpace federated Fedora

global grid economic

harvesting ingest innovation

institutional integrity interaction

Conference Summary Words - 2

interchange interoperability knowledge

LOCKSS management metadata

national OCR organization

partnership PDF (/A) podcasting

portal preservation provider

regional repository retrieval

scalability Scirus search

server service sharing

standardization strategic student

summarization sustainable testimonial

toolkit training tutorial

Unicode usable VALET

XML XSLT workflow

Conference Summary Phrases - 1

alumni development always on

business model concept map

content management copyright compliance

cost effective Creative Commons

creative material cross language

dark archive developing country

digital library digital rights management

digital signature disruptive technology

document model Dublin Core


e-knowledge e-publishing

e-research e-science

full text Google Scholar

institutional repository LDAP server

learning object mandatory deposit

Million Book Project national initiative

Net Gen OAI PMH

online digital studio open access

Open Archives Initiative open source


persistent identifiers postgraduate research

public domain restricted access

retrospective conversion scholarly communication

server log service oriented architecture

social network stepping stone

subject gateway survey data

union catalog unlocking IP

user centered value added

voluntary participation walking the talk

web based web services

Journal?

• Joseph Moxley [[email protected]]• JET / JED: Journal of Electronic Theses and

Dissertations• JODLAR: Journal of Digital Libraries and

Repositories• Publisher: ?• Columns / Sections

– Project Case Studies– Standards, Technologies, Best Practices– Software, Systems, Services– Statistics, Surveys, Analytical Studies

Steps

• Join NDLTD• Launch initiative, dialog, encourage• Pilot -> requirement• OAI data provider• Log, survey, analyze, improve• Attend ETD xx• Help other sites• Serve on NDLTD committees• Extend services: preservation, inst. rep., …

Spirit of NDLTD• Help make a better (smaller) world• Win-win-win (everyone can benefit)• Have fun helping others• Helpers/teachers learn more than those they work with• Build on standards• ETDs are preservable, popular, expressive, “better”

• Doable, feasible, learnable, affordable, sharable

• Please join/support NDLTD!

Selected Links - http://fox.cs.vt.edu

• NDLTD (electronic theses and dissertations worldwide)– www.ndltd.org and etdguide.org– http://fox.cs.vt.edu/etd-search.htm

• DL curriculum - http://curric.dlib.vt.edu/wiki, http://curric.dlib.vt.edu/DLcurric.html

• Virginia Tech Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL, www.dlib.vt.edu)

NDLTD Resources & Projects ETD 2006 U.S. Regional Conference St. Louis, Missouri October 27-28, 2006 Edward A. Fox, Executive Director, NDLTD [email protected].

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