® Justine Buick, MSN, RN 1st edition NCLEX Nursing Nugget Pages ®
®
Justine Buick, MSN, RN
1st edition
NCLEX Nursing Nugget Pages®
Thank you for buying this book!
I've spent many years working with nursing students one-on-one and in groups while putting together my Nugget Pages. I came across too many students that weren't able to tell me basic information. You were getting overwhelmed with all the books and resources used during nursing school and nothing was sticking.
NCLEX® Nursing Nugget Pages includes the most common and important content that you'll get tested on in nursing school and the NCLEX exam. I've included tips for remembering content and added the "why" so that you understand content and not just memorize it. For all the visual learners, there are over 400 images throughout this book.
I prefer to use a real paper book for initially reviewing content over other resources. It's easier to read, quickly find information and write notes in it. I encourage you to use the Nugget Pages throughout nursing school and studying for the NCLEX.
I have enthusiastically partnered with BRAINSCAPE.com, a web and mobile flashcard study platform. All of the NCLEX® Nursing Nugget Pages have been turned into online flashcards. It is the perfect way to test your knowledge and have better long-term retention of content through spaced repetition. You can use the flashcards on their own or with your study resources.
I absolutely love teaching nursing students and simplifying topics for better understanding. Thank you for choosing me to help you on this journey.
Justine Buick, MSN, RN "The NCLEX Tutor" Koapine Tutoring & Test Prep thenclextutor.com
BRAINSCAPE
Visit thenclextutor.com/nuggetpages to write a review. I'd love to hear from you! Please check out my webinars, online flashcards, and tutoring services too!
Koapine Tutoring & Test Prep NCLEX® Nursing Nugget Pages ISBN: 978-0-578-70248-3
KoapineP.O. Box 722Green Harbor, MA 02041
Copyright © 2020 by KoaPine® Tutoring and Test Prep, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means. This includes electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording without the prior written permission of the publisher. Exceptions include brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain noncommercial use permitted by copyright law.
First Printing, 2020
Ordering information:
Quantity sales, bookstores and wholesalers Special discounts are available on quantity purchases by educational institutions, not-for-profits, corporations, associations, and others. Please contact Koapine Tutoring & Test Prep: Tele: 774-204-5801, email: [email protected] or visit thenclextutor.com
Notice: Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Koapine, authors, editors, or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
NCLEX-RN® , NCLEX-PN® and NCLEX® are registered trademarks of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc (NCSBN®). Koapine® and The NCLEX Tutor is not affiliated with NCSBN, which does not endorse, sponsor, or support this educational publication or our services.
Examples of NCLEX flashcards available at BRAINSCAPE.com
front of card back of card
front of card back of card
BRAINSCAPE
Table of Contents Justine Buick, MSN, RNthenclextutor.com
Copyright 2020 KoaPine® Tutoring and Test Prep thenclextutor.com This work is not a substitute for nursing protocols or medical advice. Confidential, Do not distribute.
Fundamentals
Management of Care
Safety & Infection Control
Pharmacology
Adult Health
Mental Health
Maternity
Pediatrics
PAGESTOPICS NUGGETS
1-37Health & physical assessment, labs, fluids & electrolytes, acid-base, diagnostic tests, peri-op, positions, nutrition & diets, tubes, IV therapy, parenteral nutrition, blood, culture & religion, CAM, growth & development
38-42
43-52
53-83
84-149
150-157
158-175
176-198
Ethics & legal, delegation, "Who do you see first?" (immediate complications)
Environmental safety & disasters, infection control
Med administration, meds for cardiac, endocrine, eye/ear/nose/skin, gastrointestinal, immune, maternity, mental health, musculoskeletal, neuro, newborn, oncology, pain, renal & reproductive, respiratory
EKGs, cardiac, endocrine, eye & ear, gastrointestinal, hematology, immune, musculoskeletal, neuro, oncology, renal, respiratory, skin
Foundations, disorders, addictions, crisis & abuse
Prenatal, labor & delivery, postpartum, newborn
Milestones, infectious diseases & vaccinations, cardiac, endocrine, eye, ear, nose & throat, gastrointestinal, hematology, musculoskeletal, neuro, oncology, renal, respiratory, skin
Justine Buick, MSN, RNthenclextutor.com
Copyright 2020 KoaPine® Tutoring and Test Prep thenclextutor.com This work is not a substitute for nursing protocols or medical advice. Confidential, Do not distribute.
Fundamentals
Topics Page # Content Covered in the Nugget Pages
Health & Physical Assessment
2-9 Nursing process, critical thinking, assessments, vital signs, basic assessments of neuro, respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal, renal, musculoskeletal, skin, pain, how to document, common medical terms and abbreviations
Labs 10-11 Lab values and how to interpret them
Fluids & Electrolytes 12 FVO, FVD, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus imbalances
Acid-Base 13 Respiratory/Metabolic, Acidosis/Alkalosis, allen's test
Diagnostic Tests14-17 X-ray, ultrasound, upper and lower scopes, gram/graphy, CT scan, cardiac catheterization, halo sign, EEG,
echocardiogram, EKG holter, barium sulfate, biopsy, 24 hour urine sample, MRI, lumbar puncture, TB test, cultures, urinalysis and culture & sensitivity
Peri-operative 18-19 Nursing care before and after surgery, post-op complications, discharge guidelines, incentive spirometery
Positions 20-22 Types of positions, most common positions
Nutrition & Diets 23-24 Types of diets, breakdown of foods, foods with electrolytes/minerals/vitamins
Tubes 25-28 NG tube, G-tube, J-tube, lavage tube, esophageal Minnesota tube, nephrostomy/ileal conduit tube, JP drain, ET tube, foley, straight cath, tracheostomy, chest tubes
IV Therapy 29-32 Hypotonic, isotonic, hypertonic solutions, IV gauges, venipuncture, complications, CVAD, epidural IV
Parenteral Nutrition 33 Nursing care, nutrients, glucose issues, electrolyte issues, hypervolemia issues, infection issues, home teaching, labs checked
Blood 34 Blood type & screen, types of blood, compatibility, steps to giving, nursing care, reactions
Culture & Religion 35 African American, Amish, Arab American, Asian American, Hispanic/Latino, Native American, religions, foods
CAM 36 Most common complementary and alternative medicine, herbs
Growth & Development 37 Erik Erikson's stages of development
Health & Physical Assessment Justine Buick, MSN, RNthenclextutor.com
Copyright 2020 KoaPine® Tutoring and Test Prep thenclextutor.com This work is not a substitute for nursing protocols or medical advice. Confidential, Do not distribute.
Fundamentals
Principles
• The Nurse spends the most time with the client, has the most complete picture, and communicates the client's needs to the rest of the health care team the most effectively
3 areas of assessment: • Body: assess the physical systems• Mind: assess psychosocial health• Spirit: assess for religious or spiritual beliefs
The Nursing Process • ADPIE • Assess: gather data• Diagnosis: client problems that are based on
medical diagnosis• Plan: goals• Implement: interventions• Evaluate: how the client responded to the
interventionThe nursing process is not linear. The nurse will jump back and forth between the steps depending on additional data acquired about the client.
How to Study Diseases/Conditions: 1. Review the Patho and Cause • (in other words, be able to briefly describe
how the disease occurs)• list the Risk Factors if there is no obvious
cause2. Signs and Symptoms 3. Diagnostic tests 4. Interventions • nursing care• medical interventions such as surgery or
treatments such as chest tubes• teaching• meds
"Critical thinking" and Clinical judgment skills:• understand WHY an intervention is done• prioritize what is important• interpret sign and symptom data• gather more information if there is not enough
to make an informed decision
Teaching and discharge planning• begins during the assessment even while the
client is being admitted• during the admission assessment, data is
gathered such as home environment and available resources, so teaching can begin right away if there are needs
Purpose of doing an assessment • gather data (especially abnormal data) about the
client to heal the client or prevent them from getting sick
• notify the health care provider (HCP) of immediate complications or changes in the client's condition in order to update the care plan• HCP can be a doctor, nurse practitioner or
physician assistant
Types of Assessments • focused assessment: focuses on the
immediate concern and is done when the client has a specific complaint or immediate information is needed
• comprehensive assessment: assess the entire client head to toe• neuro, respiratory, cardiac, gastrointestinal,
renal, musculoskeletal, skin• do the assessment in this order: inspect,
palpate, percuss, auscultate• abdominal assessment goes in this order:
inspect, auscultate, percuss, palpate (least invasive to most invasive)
To get an overall picture of the client, also look at: • labs• CBC, BMP or CMP• labs specific to problem
• imaging diagnostic tests• x-rays, CT scan, MRI, etc
• medical and surgical history and physical from HCP
• medication record
How often assessments are done • Post-Op: focused assessments every 5- 15
minutes• ICU: about every 1-2 hours• Progressive or Step-down unit: about every
2-4 hours• Medical-surgical floor: about every 4-8 hours
Types of Assessment Data • Subjective data: what the client tells you: pain
is subjective because only they can feel it• Objective data: what anyone can observe: like
vital signs
Basic medical terms • posterior: the back of something• anterior: the front of something• distal: away from something• proximal: closer to something
posterior
anterior
distalproximal
Health & Physical Assessment Justine Buick, MSN, RNthenclextutor.com
Copyright 2020 KoaPine® Tutoring and Test Prep thenclextutor.com This work is not a substitute for nursing protocols or medical advice. Confidential, Do not distribute.
Cranial Nerves Oh, Oh, Oh! To Touch And Feel A Good Velvet, Such Heaven! 1 - Olfactory: smell2 - Optic: vision3 - Oculomotor: pupils and eyelids4 - Trochlear: downward and inward of eyes5 - Trigeminal: chewing6 - Abducens: eyes side to side/lateral7 - Facial: all the facial muscles and taste8 - Acoustic/Vestibulocochlear: hearing9 - Glossopharyngeal: swallowing and taste10 - Vagus: swallowing and speaking11 - Spinal Accessory: shoulders 12 - Hypoglossal: tongue strength
4 regions of the spine • Cervical: C1-C8• nerves control breathing, arm, and neck
movement• Thoracic: T1-T12• nerves control chest, back, and abdomen
strength• Lumbar: L1-L5• nerves control lower abdomen, buttock and
leg strength• Sacral and Coccyx: S1-S5• nerves control thighs, lower leg strength, and
genitals
Vital Signs temp: older adults may have a normal lower temp (down to 95F, 35C); dehydration, stress, ovulation and strenuous exercise can raise temp• axillary is lower than oral• rectal and tymphanic is higher than oralpulse: use the radial to get a standard pulse and check for irregularity, bounding or thready pulseif normal count for 30 sec x 2. If irregular count for one full minute and then get an apical pulserespirations: older adults may have a normal higher rate (up to 22); check the rate, rhythm and depth (shallow or deep? regular or irregular?). Count for 30 seconds and X 2. Or if irregular count for one full minuteBlood pressure: 80/40 rule: in adult, cuff length should encircle 80% of the arm circumference. and take up 40% of the upper arm. Cuff that is too small will give a false high reading.• put arm at heart level with palm up to get BP
and stay quiet will measuring• for clients taking antihypertensives or fainting/
dizziness, take orthostatic BPs• supine, sitting, standing BPs• drop of 20 mm Hg or more indicates
orthostatic hypotension
Neuro • Basic neuro assessment includes: • asking about person, place, time and situation• eye, hearing and speaking assessment
• A&Ox4: alert & oriented x 4 (usually referred to as A&Ox3): means that client knows their name, the date, where they are and why they are in the hospital
• PERRLA is using a light to check if Pupils are:• Equal • Round • React to Light • Accommodate (pupils constrict as objects get
closer)
Areas of the brain • frontal lobe: personality changes• parietal lobe: temp, taste, and movement• temporal lobe: hearing, language
comprehension, memories• occipital lobe: vision
Fundamentals
cervicalthoraciclumbarsacral & coccyx
front of head
parietal lobe
occipital lobe frontal lobe
temporal lobe
back of head
The Brain
Health & Physical Assessment Justine Buick, MSN, RNthenclextutor.com
Copyright 2020 KoaPine® Tutoring and Test Prep thenclextutor.com This work is not a substitute for nursing protocols or medical advice. Confidential, Do not distribute.
Pulse strengths: • 4+: strong and bounding (FVO)• 3+: full pulse - less severe (FVO)• 2+: normal - easily palpable• 1+: weak, barely palpable (FVD)
• S1 and S2: normal heart sounds• known as "lub dub"
• S3 and S4: abnormal heart sounds• associated with cardiac disease
• heart murmur: abnormal heart sound • whooshing, swishing or clicking noise
Cardiac • Basic cardiac assessment includes: • asking about chest pain or chest discomfort• listening to heart sounds• checking pulses• checking capillary refill• checking skin temperature and color• checking for edema and skin turgor• assessing cardiac rhythm strip
• bradycardia: heart rate < 60• tachycardia: heart rate >100• cap refill: < 3 seconds (push in nailbed); refers
to circulation• anasarca: another word for generalized edema
5 Heart sounds:APE To Man A: aortic: 2nd RICSP: pulmonic: 2nd LICSE: Erb's point: 3rd LICST: tricuspid: 4th LICSM: mitral: 5th LMCL
RICS: right intercostal spaceLICS: left intercostal spaceLMCL: left midclavicular line
Respiratory/Lungs • Basic respiratory assessment includes: • asking about difficulty breathing, cough,
mucus production• listen to lung sounds• get O2 saturation level
• adventitious breath sounds: abnormal breath sounds
• diminished lung sounds: an area that lung sounds cannot be heard well• atelectasis: incomplete lung expansion
caused by not taking normal breaths• common with pneumonia and post-op
• dyspnea: difficulty breathing• tachypnea: rapid respirations > 20• bradypnea: slow respirations < 12• crackles: (no longer called rales) heard in
pneumonia, asthma, COPD, pulmonary edema• fine crackles: a little bit of fluid in lungs• medium crackles: condition is getting worse• coarse crackles: gurgling sounds; really bad!• wheeze: high squeaky sound, small airways are
narrowing usually in asthma• rhonchi: sounds like snoring, may clear with
cough• pleural friction rub: low-pitched grating sound
from pleurisy (inflammation of lung surfaces)
Fundamentals
pulses
normal lungsounds
stethoscope placement for lung sounds
5 heart sounds
Health & Physical Assessment Justine Buick, MSN, RNthenclextutor.com
Copyright 2020 KoaPine® Tutoring and Test Prep thenclextutor.com This work is not a substitute for nursing protocols or medical advice. Confidential, Do not distribute.
• pitting edema (clients shouldn't have edema & refers to back up of fluids due to HF or CKD)• 1+ = 2 mm: a small pit• 2+ = 4 mm: and rebounds in a few seconds• 3+ = 6 mm: a deep pit and rebounds in 10-20
seconds• 4+ = 8 mm: really bad edema and rebounds
>30 seconds
• skin turgor is assessing the client's fluid status by pinching a fold of skin• skin tents up: indicates dehydration or FVD• skin returns to the normal position: no issues
•
Gastrointestinal • Basic abdominal assessment includes: • listening to bowel sounds• ask when last bowel movement was• ask if passing gas• experiencing any N/V/D• determining appetite
• abdominal assessment goes in this order: inspect, auscultate, percuss, palpate (least invasive to most invasive)
• Listen to each quadrant for 5 minutes = a total of 20 minutes
• Types of bowel sounds are: • absent: no bowel sounds• hypoactive: 1 sound every 3-5 minutes • normal: 5-30 clicks or gurgles per minute • hyperactive: > 30 sounds per minute or an
increase from the client's baseline• start at upper left, upper right, lower right,
lower left• BMI = kg ÷ m2 (height in meters, squared) • normal weight = 18.5 to 24.9• overweight = 25 to 29.9• obese = > 30• Example: if a client weighs 70 kg and is 1.8
meters tall, the BMI is 70 ÷ 1.82 = 21.6• Function of the pancreas • endocrine organ: to release insulin so the
body can regulate glucose/sugar• exocrine organ: to release enzymes for food
digestion• Function of the gallbladder: store bile that's
made by the liver for food digestion• 4 main functions of the liver are:
1. to make clotting factors to prevent bleeding
2. to make proteins so all the organs and cells can function
3. to metabolize toxins and cholesterol4. to make bile for digestion
pitting edema
Fundamentals
12
3 4
Health & Physical Assessment Justine Buick, MSN, RNthenclextutor.com
Copyright 2020 KoaPine® Tutoring and Test Prep thenclextutor.com This work is not a substitute for nursing protocols or medical advice. Confidential, Do not distribute.
Skin • Basic skin assessment includes: • skin color (ask if that color is normal for them)• wounds (especially on bony areas)• rashes• bruising• abnormal moles/freckles• asking about new meds or exposure to
infectious diseases• many meds cause rashes
• dark-skinned patients: check for cyanosis/blue/low O2 on lips, tongue, nail beds, palms soles and conjunctiva
• erythema: redness• indicates injury, inflammation or infection
• pallor: white/pale• indicates anemia
• jaundice: yellow• indicates liver failure / cirrhosis
• emaciated: thin/malnourished• petechiae/purpura: spots on skin that indicate
bleeding• ecchymosis: bruising
Renal • Basic renal/urinary assessment includes: • checking UO and color• monitoring I&O• checking labs: BUN, creatinine, GFR,
electrolytes• UA & CS
• Minimum UO: • adult: at least 30 mL/hour• infant (up to 1 year): at least 2ml/kg/hour
Musculoskeletal • Basic musculoskeletal assessment includes: • checking muscle strength and range of
motion• asking about pain, numbness, and tingling• checking electrolytes and other labs• imaging tests for the spine and head
• Muscle strength: • 0 is the worst: no contractility• 5 is the best: normal ROM
• kyphosis/hunchback: curved thoracic spine (more common in elderly)
• scoliosis: lateral spinal curvature (tested in teenagers)
• Deep tendon reflex grading • (using a hammer to tap the knee)• 0 = no response; always abnormal• 1+ = a slight but present response; may or
may not be normal• 2+ = a brisk response; normal• 3+ = a very brisk response; may or may not
be normal• 4+ = a tap elicits a repeating reflex (clonus);
always abnormal
Fundamentals
Health & Physical Assessment Justine Buick, MSN, RNthenclextutor.com
Copyright 2020 KoaPine® Tutoring and Test Prep thenclextutor.com This work is not a substitute for nursing protocols or medical advice. Confidential, Do not distribute.
Pain
• Pain assessment questions • Location: where is the pain?• Severity: how bad is it? use appropriate pain
scale• 0-10 for adults or Wong-Baker Faces for
kids• Character: what does it feel like?• Onset: when did it begin?• Associated factors: are there other
symptoms that occur with it?• Pattern: what makes it better? what makes it
worse?• What pain meds do you take?• Do you use alternative therapies to manage
pain?
How to Document • use black ink• date/time/name on each entry• document right after you do something• be factual (no opinions or judgements)• use "quotes" for subjective data (ex: client
states "I'm just not feeling well"• document refusals, calls to HCP• for errors: draw 1 line through it, initial and date• don't document for others• don't leave blank spaces on forms• no unacceptable abbreviations (see med
administration NPs)
Pain • Pain assessment questions • Location: where is the pain?• Severity: how bad is it? use appropriate pain
scale• 0-10 for adults or Wong-Baker Faces for
kids• Character: what does it feel like?• Onset: when did it begin?• Associated factors: are there other
symptoms that occur with it?• Pattern: what makes it better? what makes it
worse?• What pain meds do you take?• Do you use alternative therapies to manage
pain?
ecchymosiserythema
Fundamentals
Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale
Health & Physical Assessment Justine Buick, MSN, RNthenclextutor.com
Copyright 2020 KoaPine® Tutoring and Test Prep thenclextutor.com This work is not a substitute for nursing protocols or medical advice. Confidential, Do not distribute.
• CKD: chronic kidney disease• CHF: congestive heart failure• Cl: chloride• CKD: chronic kidney disease• CMP: complete metabolic panel• CN: cranial nerves• CNS: central nervous system• CO2: carbon dioxide• COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease• CP: chest pain• CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure• CPM: continuous passive motion• CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation• Cr: creatinine• CRF: chronic renal failure• CSF: cerebral spinal fluid• CT: computed tomography (CT scan)• CV: cardiovascular• CVA: cerebral vascular accident• CVD: cerebral vascular disease• CVAD: central venous access device• CVP: central venous pressure• D5W: 5% dextrose in water• DAR: data, action, response• DI: diabetes insipidus• DIC: disseminated intravascular coagulation • DM: diabetes mellitus• DMARDs:disease modifying antirheumatic
drugs• DTRs: deep tendon reflexes• DKA: diabetic ketone acidosis• DVT: deep vein thrombosis• EBP: evidence based practice• ECG or EKG: electrocardiography• ECT: electro convulsive therapy• ED: emergency department• ENT: ear nose throat• EOM: extraocular muscles• EPS: extrapyramidal symptoms• ESRD: end stage renal disease• ET: endotracheal tube• F&E: fluids & electrolytes
• FHR: fetal heart rate• FVD: fluid volume deficient• FVO: fluid volume overload• GAD: generalized anxiety disorder• GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease• GI: gastrointestinal• GFR: glomerular filtration rate• HA: headache• HCO3: bicarbonate• HCP: healthcare provider• Hct: hemotocrit• HCTZ: hydrochlorothiazide• HD: hemodialysis• HF: heart failure• Hgb: hemoglobin• H&H: hemoglobin and hematocrit• HHS: hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state• HIV: human immunodeficiency virus• h/o: history of• HOB: head of bed• HOH:hard of hearing• H&P: history and physical• HPV: human papilloma virus• HR: heart rate• HTN: hypertension• IBS: irritable bowel syndrome• ICP: intracranial pressure• ICU: intensive care unit• INR: international normalized ratio• INT: interventions• I&O: intake and output • IS: incentive spirometry• IV: intravenous• IVP: intravenous push• IVPB: intravenous piggyback• JVD: jugular vein distention• K: potassium• KCl: potassium chloride• KVO: keep vein open• LAD: left anterior descending• LFT: liver function tests• LOC: level of consciousness
Common abbreviations/terms:
• AAA: abdominal aortic aneurysm• ABX: antibiotics• ABG: arterial blood gas• ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme• ADH: antidiuretic hormone• ADD: attention deficit disorder• ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder• ADLs: activities of daily living• AED: automated external defibrillator• AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome• AKA: above knee amputation• AKI: acute kidney injury• ALP: alkaline phosphatase• ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis• AMA: against medical advice• aPTT: activated partial thromboplastin time• A&O: alert and oriented• ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers• ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome• ARF: acute respiratory failure• AST: aspartate aminotransferase• AV: atrioventricular• BG: blood glucose• bid: two times a day• BiPAP: bilevel positive airway pressure• BKA: below knee amputation• BM: bowel movement• BMP: basic metabolic panel• BNP: brain natriuretic peptide• BP: blood pressure• BPH: benign prostate hyperplasia• bpm: beats per minute• BS: blood sugar• BUN: blood urea nitrogen• Ca: calcium• CABG: coronary arterial bypass graft• CAD: coronary artery disease• CBC: complete blood count• CBI: continuous bladder irrigation• CK (CPK-MB): creatine kinase
Fundamentals
Health & Physical Assessment Justine Buick, MSN, RNthenclextutor.com
Copyright 2020 KoaPine® Tutoring and Test Prep thenclextutor.com This work is not a substitute for nursing protocols or medical advice. Confidential, Do not distribute.
• PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention• PCTA: percutaneous transluminal coronary
angioplasty• PCA: patient controlled analgesia• PD: peritoneal dialysis• PE: pulmonary embolism• PERRLA: pupils equal, round, and reactive to
light and accommodation• PET: positron emission tomography• PFT: pulmonary function test• PICC: peripherally inserted central catheter• PKU: phenylketonuria• Plt: platelets• PN: parenteral nutrition• PNX: pneumonia• PPD: purified protein derivative• PPE: personal protective equipment• PPI: proton pump inhibitors• PPN: partial parenteral nutrition• PO: by mouth• PRN: as needed• PSA: prostate specific antigen• PT: prothrombin time• PT: physical therapy• PTH: parathyroid hormone• PTSD: post traumatic stress disorder• PTT: partial thromboplastin time• PUD: peptic ulcer disease• PVC: pre ventricular contraction• PVR: post void residual• RA: rheumatoid arthritis• RA: room air• RAI: radioactive iodine• RBC: red blood cell• RN: registered nurse• ROM: range of motion• RR: respirations• RRT: rapid response team• RT: respiratory therapy• SBAR: situation, background, assessment,
recommendation
• SpO2 or O2: oxygen saturation with pulse oximeter
• SCD: sequential compression device• SG: specific gravity• SIADH: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone• SIDS: sudden infant death syndrome• SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus• SOAP: subjective, objective, assessment, plan• SOB: short of breath• s/p: status post• S&S: signs and symptoms• ST: speech therapy• STI: sexual transmitted infection• SVT: supraventricular tachycardia• SZ: seizures• TB: tuberculosis• TBI: traumatic brain injury• TC & DB: turn, cough and deep breathe• TEN: toxic epidermal necrolysis• TENS: transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation• TF: tube feeding• TIA: transient ischemic attack• tid: three times a day• TKR: total knee replacement• TPN: total parenteral nutrition• TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone• TURP: transurethral resection of the prostate• Tx: treatment• UABCI: unconscious, airway, breathing,
circulation, infection• UAP: unlicensed assistive personnel• UA & CS: urinalysis and culture & sensitivity• UC: ulcerative colitis• UO: urine output• UTI: urinary tract infection• V/Q: ventilation perfusion scan• VRE: vancomycin resistant enterococci• VS: vital signs• WBC: white blood cell• y/o: year old
• LPN: licensed practical nurse• LR: lactated ringers• LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction• LVN: licensed vocational nurse• MAOI: monoamine oxidase inhibitor• MAR: medication administration record• mcg: micrograms• mg: magnesium• mg: milligrams• MI: myocardial infarction• mL: milliliters• MOA: mechanism of action• MRA: magnetic resonance angiography• MRI: magnetic resonance imaging• MRSA: methicillin resistant staphylococcus
aureus• MVA: motor vehicle accident• Na: sodium• NAD: no appreciable disease• NG: nasogastric• NMS: neuroleptic malignant syndrome• NP: nurse practitioner• NPA: nurse practice act• NPs: my Nugget Pages!• NPO: nothing by mouth• NS: normal saline• NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug• NSR: normal sinus rhythm• N/T: numbness & tingling• N/V/D: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea• OA: osteoarthritis• OANM: oxygen, aspirin, nitro, morphine• OCD: obsessive compulsive disorder• OD: overdose• OJ: orange juice• OR: operating room• ORIF: open reduction and internal fixation• OT: occupational therapy• OTC: over the counter• PA: physician assistant• PAD: peripheral arterial disease• PaO2: partial arterial oxygen
Fundamentals
®
Justine Buick is "The NCLEX Tutor" and founder of KoaPine Tutoring & Test Prep. She has been helping nursing students pass the NCLEX® and nursing exams through online tutoring, her Nugget Pages, andwebinars since 2014. In 2020, she partnered with Brainscape to make online NCLEX flashcards.Justine has worked as a med-surg nurse, clinical instructor, and NCLEX prep teacher. She has active R.N. licenses in Hawaii and Massachusetts. Justine is passionate about helping nursing students pass tests!thenclextutor.com/testimonials
9 780578 702483
54995>ISBN 978-0-578-70248-3
$49.95
NCLEX Nursing Nugget Pages®