Understanding Cancer and Related Topics Understanding The Immune System These PowerPoint slides are not locked files. You can mix and match slides from different tutorials as you prepare your own lectures. In the Notes section, you will find explanations of the graphics. The art in this tutorial is copyrighted and may not be reused for commercial gain. Please do not remove the NCI logo or the copyright mark from any slide. These tutorials may be copied only if they are distributed free of charge for educational purposes. Developed by: Lydia Schindler Donna Kerrigan, M.S. Jeanne Kelly Brian Hollen Illustrates the immune system, a complex network of specialized cells and organs that distinguishes between self and foreign molecules inside the body. Explains that a malfunctioning immune system can cause allergies or arthritis and can fail to stop the growth of cancer cells.
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Understanding Cancer and Related Topics
Understanding The Immune System
These PowerPoint slides are not locked files. You can mix and match slides from different tutorials as you prepare your own lectures. In the Notes section, you will find explanations of the graphics.
The art in this tutorial is copyrighted and may not be reused for commercial gain. Please do not remove the NCI logo or the copyright mark from any slide. These tutorials may be copied only if they are distributed free of charge for educational purposes.
Developed by:
Lydia Schindler Donna Kerrigan, M.S. Jeanne Kelly Brian Hollen
Illustrates the immune system, a complex network of specialized cells and organs that distinguishes between self and foreign molecules inside the body. Explains that a malfunctioning immune system can cause allergies or arthritis and can fail to stop the growth of cancer cells.
Helper T cell receptor recognizes processed antigen plus Class II MHC
Macrophage
Processed antigen and Class II MHC are displayed Antigen
Helper T cell
Activation of T Cells: Cytotoxic
Processed antigen and Class I MHC
Lymphokines
Class I MHC
Class II MHC
Processed antigen and Class II MHC are displayed Antigen
Resting helper T cell receptor recognizes processed antigen plus Class II MHC
Macrophage
Monokines
Cyto
tox
ic T
ce
ll
Infe
cte
d c
ell
MHC Class I
Antigenic peptide T cell receptor
CD8 protein
Resting helper T cell
Cytotoxic T cell
Cytotoxic T cell becomes activated
Antigen (virus)
Processed antigen (viral protein)
Cell dies
Infected cell
Activated cytotoxic T cell
Activated helper T cell
Antigen is processed
Regulatory T Cells
Regulatory T cells
Mature dendritic
cell
Regulatory T cell
Proliferation
T cells compete for cytokine signals
T cells compete for same antigen
Cytotoxic T cell
Immunity: Active and Passive
Artificially acquired
Passive immunity Active immunity
Naturally acquired Naturally acquired
Artificially acquired
Disorders of the Immune System: Allergy
Plasma cell
Interleukins
Mature helper T cell
B cell
IgE Allergen
Symptoms
Mediators
Mast cell
Disorders of the Immune System: Autoimmune Disease
Cytotoxic T cell
Pancreas
Beta cell
Disorders of the Immune System: Immune Complex Disease
Glomerular basement membrane of kidney
Large complex
Endothelial cell
Small complex
Disorders of the Immune System: AIDS
Virus protein
Virus RNA
New virus particle
Virus DNA
Cell DNA
Human Tissue Typing for Transplants
HLA
A C B D
Leukocyte
Chromosome 6
MHC protein
“Privileged” Immunity
Chorionic villi
Immunity and Cancer
Antibody
Helper T cell
Natural killer cell
Cancer cell
Macrophage
Cytotoxic T cell
Immunotherapy
Antibody
Breast cancer cell
Growth factor
Herceptin blocks receptor
Growth slows
Radioisotope
Antigen
Lymphoma cell Lymphoma cell
destroyed
Herceptin
Dendritic Cells That Attack Cancer Complex binds to dendritic cell precursor
T cells attack cancer cell
Dendritic cell displays tumor antigen and activates T cells
Cancer cell
T cell
Tumor antigen
Tumor antigen is linked to a cytokine
Dendritic cell matures and is infused back into patient
Complex is taken in by dendritic cell precursor
The Immune System and the Nervous System
Thymosins
Macrophage
B cell
T cell
Thymus
Brain
Bone marrow
Neuroendocrine and autonomic pathways
Immunotransmitters (feedback, regulation and modulation)
Lymphokines Monokines
Hybridoma Technology
Antibody-producing plasma cells
Antigen
Cells fuse to make hybridomas Cancerous
plasma cells
Monoclonal antibodies are purified
Desired clones are cultured and frozen
Hybridomas are kept alive in mouse
Clones are tested for desired antibody
Individual hybridoma cells are cloned
Hybridoma cells grow in culture
Genetic Engineering
A plasmid (ring of DNA) is isolated from a bacterium
The new gene directs the bacterium to make a new protein product such as interferon
When the bacterium divides and replicates, it copies itself and the recombinant DNA
The recombinant plasmid is inserted back into the bacterium
The gene is inserted into the plasmid, where it fits exactly. This is recombinant DNA
A gene for protein, taken from another cell, is cut with the same enzyme
An enzyme cuts the DNA at specific sites
The SCID-hu Mouse
Mouse kidneys
Immuno-incompetent SCID mouse
Immature human immune tissue
Immature human immune cells
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