1 1 NCFMTC NCFMTC - - Modeling Your Campus Modeling Your Campus Basic GIS Modeling: Improving Campus Basic GIS Modeling: Improving Campus Maintenance, Management, and Planning Maintenance, Management, and Planning August 8 August 8 th th , 2007 , 2007 Matt Davis [email protected]
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NCFMTC -Modeling Your Campus Basic GIS Modeling: Improving ...web.mit.edu/ncfmtc/pubs/Davis_BasicGISModeling.pdf · What is GIS? Geographic Information System •An information system
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NCFMTCNCFMTC-- Modeling Your CampusModeling Your Campus
……promotes sharing and coordinationpromotes sharing and coordination
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GIS
Geographic Information SystemsGeographic Information Systems
Hardware
Information
Business
Rules and
Procedures
Software
People
……5 parts of a GIS5 parts of a GIS
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What is a Geographic Information System?What is a Geographic Information System?A GIS links spatial data (geography) with tabular data (attributA GIS links spatial data (geography) with tabular data (attribute data)e data)
……all data is mapped to a location on the earthall data is mapped to a location on the earth
FeaturesFeatures(on map)
AttributesAttributes(in table)
Managed
As
LayersLayers
GIS databaseGIS database(set of layers for a
geographic area)
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VisualizationVisualization
Iteration & LearningIteration & Learning
MappingMapping
•• Thematic analysisThematic analysis
•• AuthoringAuthoring
•• 2D/3D viewers 2D/3D viewers
•• Visual interrogationVisual interrogation
•• Animation and Animation and
graphinggraphing
•• Spatial selectionSpatial selection
•• SymbolizationSymbolization
•• LabelingLabeling
•• PublishingPublishing
Visualization & CommunicationVisualization & Communication
•• GIS data sets are more than database management GIS data sets are more than database management
system (DBMS) tablessystem (DBMS) tables
–– They incorporate advanced behavior and integrity like other They incorporate advanced behavior and integrity like other
information systems. information systems.
–– The schema, behavior, and integrity rules of geographic data setThe schema, behavior, and integrity rules of geographic data sets s
play a critical role in GIS.play a critical role in GIS.
……more closely represent real world objectsmore closely represent real world objects
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Data ModelingData ModelingBasics to get startedBasics to get started
•• GIS design involves GIS design involves
organizing geographic organizing geographic
information into data information into data
themes that can be themes that can be
integrated using integrated using
geographic location.geographic location.
•• Design begins by Design begins by
identifying the data themes identifying the data themes
to be used, then specifying to be used, then specifying
the contents and the contents and
representations of each representations of each
thematic layer.thematic layer.
……data modeling cycledata modeling cycle
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11 Steps to GIS database modeling11 Steps to GIS database modelingBasics to get startedBasics to get started
1.1. Identify the information products that you will create and Identify the information products that you will create and manage with your GISmanage with your GIS
2.2. Identify the key data themes based on your information Identify the key data themes based on your information requirementsrequirements
3.3. Specify the scale ranges and spatial representations of Specify the scale ranges and spatial representations of each data theme at each scaleeach data theme at each scale
4.4. Decompose each representation into one or more Decompose each representation into one or more geographic datasetsgeographic datasets
5.5. Define the tabular database structure and behavior for Define the tabular database structure and behavior for descriptive attributesdescriptive attributes
6.6. Define the spatial behavior and integrity rules for your Define the spatial behavior and integrity rules for your datasets datasets
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11 Steps to GIS database modeling11 Steps to GIS database modeling
cont.cont.
7.7. Propose a geodatabase design Propose a geodatabase design
8.8. Design editing workflows and map display properties Design editing workflows and map display properties
9.9. Assign responsibilities for building and maintaining each Assign responsibilities for building and maintaining each
data layer data layer
10.10.Build a working prototype and review and refine your Build a working prototype and review and refine your
design design
11.11.Document your geodatabase design Document your geodatabase design
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The GeodatabaseThe GeodatabaseContains DatasetsContains Datasets
•• Datasets represent integral collections of information with Datasets represent integral collections of information with a meaningful reala meaningful real--world interpretation.world interpretation.
•• Types of geographic dataset:Types of geographic dataset:–– TablesTables
–– Networks, Topologies, Raster and Survey datasetsNetworks, Topologies, Raster and Survey datasets
•• Datasets have associated information to help manage Datasets have associated information to help manage integrity, behavior, and interpretationintegrity, behavior, and interpretation–– DomainsDomains
–– Relational integrityRelational integrity
–– TopologyTopology
–– MetadataMetadata
……the data model defines the schema of the Geodatabasethe data model defines the schema of the Geodatabase
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Validation RulesValidation Rules
•• Store attribute, connectivity, and relationship rules on Store attribute, connectivity, and relationship rules on
objects as part of the geodatabase.objects as part of the geodatabase.
Hospital Visualization Hospital Visualization –– Patient Rooms by Patient Rooms by
DepartmentDepartment
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Developing a 3D ModelDeveloping a 3D ModelDemoDemo
•• Extruded VectorsExtruded Vectors
•• Draped VectorsDraped Vectors
•• ImageryImagery
•• ElevationElevation
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Geoprocessing ModelsGeoprocessing Models
•• Geoprocessing is a languageGeoprocessing is a language consisting of operators, or consisting of operators, or tools, that operate on the data (tables, feature classes, tools, that operate on the data (tables, feature classes, rastersrasters, , TINsTINs, and so on), and perform tasks that are , and so on), and perform tasks that are necessary for manipulating and analyzing geographic necessary for manipulating and analyzing geographic information across a wide range of disciplinesinformation across a wide range of disciplines
•• Geoprocessing models are how you automate your work.Geoprocessing models are how you automate your work.–– When you create a model, you are preserving a set of tasks, or aWhen you create a model, you are preserving a set of tasks, or aworkflow, that you can execute multiple times.workflow, that you can execute multiple times.
–– There are an infinite number of workflows you can automate usingThere are an infinite number of workflows you can automate usingmodels.models.
–– Models can range from very simple to as complex as you can Models can range from very simple to as complex as you can imagineimagine
–– Models are a way of documenting & sharing your knowledge about Models are a way of documenting & sharing your knowledge about a workflow with others a workflow with others
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A Simple and a Complex ModelA Simple and a Complex Model
Our Customers Use GIS as a Framework Our Customers Use GIS as a Framework
for Managing Their Businessfor Managing Their Business
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GIS is Providing a New Medium For GIS is Providing a New Medium For
UnderstandingUnderstandingModeling the Physical and Cultural Knowledge of our WorldModeling the Physical and Cultural Knowledge of our World
Breaking Down the Earth into Components and Systems . . .Breaking Down the Earth into Components and Systems . . .
. . . Creating Order and Meaning. . . Creating Order and Meaning. . . Defining Interconnections and Interdependence. . . Defining Interconnections and Interdependence
. . . Providing a Broad Understanding of Natural and Human Ecolo. . . Providing a Broad Understanding of Natural and Human Ecologygy
ProvidingProviding
•• Systematic KnowledgeSystematic Knowledge
•• An Integrative FrameworkAn Integrative Framework
•• Analytic MethodsAnalytic Methods
•• Intuitive VisualizationIntuitive Visualization
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GIS Is GIS Is Influencing How We See and Do ThingsInfluencing How We See and Do ThingsBuilding a Common UnderstandingBuilding a Common Understanding
. . . Changing How We Communicate. . . Changing How We Communicate
Providing MoreProviding More
•• ScienceScience
•• Accuracy/DetailAccuracy/Detail
•• RealismRealism
•• Logic & AnalysisLogic & Analysis
•• ImmediacyImmediacy
Creating a Sense of Creating a Sense of
Engagement Engagement
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GIS Should Work as a GIS Should Work as a Complete SystemComplete SystemA New Way to Manage and Disseminate Geographic KnowledgeA New Way to Manage and Disseminate Geographic Knowledge
Author/Serve/UseAuthor/Serve/Use
•• MapsMaps
•• DataData
•• ModelsModels
•• GlobesGlobes
•• MetadataMetadata
Making GIS Knowledge Available To Anyone Making GIS Knowledge Available To Anyone . . .. . .
. . . Integrates With Other Systems Via Standards. . . Integrates With Other Systems Via Standards
UseUse
ServeServe
AuthorAuthor
Web MapWeb Map
ViewerViewer
DesktopDesktop ExplorerExplorer
ArcGIS ServerArcGIS Server
MobileMobile EnterpriseEnterprise
Service BusService Bus
OpenOpen
APIsAPIs
DesktopDesktop
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GIS is the Perfect Platform forGIS is the Perfect Platform for IntegrationIntegration
To To Author, Serve, and Use Geographic KnowledgeAuthor, Serve, and Use Geographic Knowledge
. . . And Making It All Accessible. . . And Making It All Accessible
•• Instructional Series PodcastsInstructional Series Podcasts
•• Training and Education Web SiteTraining and Education Web Site
http://training.esri.comhttp://training.esri.com
NEW
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History of GISHistory of GISat Harvardat Harvard
Real WorldReal World
Case StudiesCase Studies
ESRI PressESRI PressLeader in Quality GIS Educational MaterialsLeader in Quality GIS Educational Materials
WorkbooksWorkbooks
•• 68 Titles in print68 Titles in print
•• Worldwide distributionWorldwide distribution
Teacher ResourcesTeacher Resources
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Our World Needs Better ManagementOur World Needs Better Management
Questions?Questions?
Thank YouThank You
Please Come See Us at Our Please Come See Us at Our
BoothBooth
. . . More Rational Approach That Considers . . . More Rational Approach That Considers & Integrates All the Factors . . .& Integrates All the Factors . . .
. . . A Geographic Science Approach. . . A Geographic Science Approach