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Funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada | Affiliated with McMaster University Production of this presentation has been made possible through a financial contribution from the Public Health Agency of Canada. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Public Health Agency of Canada..
NCCMT Spotlight on KT Methods & Tools: Overview of the Policy Readiness Tool Advisors on Tap:
Candace Nykiforuk, PhD, CE
September 17, 2015 1:00 – 2:30 PM ET
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Poll Question #1 Where are you from?
1. BC 2. AB 3. SK 4. MB 5. ON 6. QC
7. NB 8. NS 9. PEI 10. NL 11. YK 11. NWT
12. NU 13. Outside
Canada
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Poll Question #2 What sector are you from?
1. Public Health Practitioner 2. Health Practitioner (Other) 3. Education 4. Research 5. Provincial/Territorial/Government/Ministry 6. Municipality 7. Policy Analyst (NGO, etc.) 8. Other
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National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools • dedicated to improving access to, and use of,
methods and tools that support moving research evidence into decisions related to public health practice, programs, and policy in Canada.
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Candace Nykiforuk, PhD, CE is an Associate Professor in the School of Public Health, University of Alberta and CIHR/PHAC/AIHS Applied Public Health Chair
Advisor on Tap
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Overview of the Policy Readiness Tool
Presented by: Dr. Candace Nykiforuk
CIHR/PHAC/AI-HS Applied Public Health Chair Associate Professor, School of Public Health
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Poll Question #3 In what ways is policy part of your work
or setting?
1. I participate in policy advocacy (formally or informally). 2. I help to find evidence / build the case for new policies. 3. I contribute to policy development. 4. I am responsible for policy implementation. 5. I monitor or evaluate policy effectiveness. 6. I am interested in policy, but do not have an active role. 7. Policy is not part of my work / applicable to my setting. 8. Other.
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Poll Question #4 How would you rate your capacity to
support or influence the policy process in your community or setting?
A. High B. Medium C. Low D. Not Sure
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Overview: Policy Readiness Tool • An evidence-based tool to help foster the
development of healthy public policy • Intent is to make participating in policy change more
accessible to non-experts and experts - E.g., Policy Developers, Advocates, Community Organizations,
Non-profit Sector Staff and Volunteers, Government Employees, Community Members
- Simple to use and not restricted to health policies - Available in English and French
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Overview: Policy Readiness Tool • The policy process is dynamic and can be intimidating,
especially if dealing with a new issue or a new setting - Tool offers a “place to start” - Helps the user identify a community or organization’s relative
readiness for a policy - Based on level of readiness provides evidence-based strategies
known to work with different levels of readiness
• Provides targeted strategies to help navigate what can be a convoluted policy process - Especially for those new to advocacy or policy development, or
who are working with an unfamiliar issue
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So What is the Policy Readiness Tool? • A simple self-administered tool that:
1. Assesses readiness for policy change using a simple, self-administered checklist
2. Provides targeted, evidence-based policy change strategies for taking action (based on level of readiness)
3. Recommends general evidence-based resources to foster healthy public policy
Readiness = relative tolerance for risk for a new policy It is NOT static & can be different from issue to issue
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Why is Healthy Public Policy Important? • Healthy Public Policy: any policy that improves
overall health and seeks to increase individual and community control over the determinants of health
• Building healthy public policy is a key health
promotion strategy (Ottawa Charter) - Clearest evidence of effective health interventions is consistently
linked to policy
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To build healthier communities… …local organizations, skilled and lay advocates, and others must be involved in the process of policy change
To support this, we need to: - address barriers to local
participation in public policy - increase local capacity for policy
The Evidence Tells Us… • Municipalities (and organizations) learn policy
responses from the experiences of similar communities (and organizations)
• Despite practice-based knowledge on how municipalities learn from one another, there is limited best practice research on municipal policy diffusion
• Practitioners value tools and best practices that help them influence the policy process in their own setting
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Development of the Tool • Emerged out of a research program on municipal policy
development & diffusion in tobacco control
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Municipal Tobacco Bylaws & Community Characteristics (Nykiforuk, NCIC: 2001-2002) Diffusion of Municipal Tobacco Policy in Two Provinces (Nykiforuk, CIHR-STPTR: 2004-2005)
National Survey of School Smoking Policies & Tobacco Use (PI: Lovato, CTCRI: 2005-06)
Ecological Policy Environment of Smoke-free Spaces (PI: Nykiforuk, OTRU: 2007-08)
Alberta Policy Coalition for Chronic Disease Prevention (PIs: Raine,Nykiforuk, ACB-PHII: 2009-11; HSFC 2011-present; CPAC 2013-2016) - KAB of Policy Influencers re: Healthy Public
Policy for Prevention - Policy Readiness Tool Development
Pilot Evaluation of Policy Readiness Tool (PI: Nykiforuk, UA-Killam 2012-2013)
Policy Readiness Tool Dissemination Grant (PI: Nykiforuk, CIHR 2014-2016)
Development of the Tool • Emerged out of research program on municipal policy
development & diffusion in tobacco control • The Policy Readiness Tool employs Rogers’ “diffusion of
innovations theory” to make participating in policy change more accessible
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Diffusion of Innovations = a theory that is used to examine how
something new spreads from place to place over time 24
Development of the Tool • Emerged out of research program on municipal policy
development & diffusion in tobacco control • The Policy Readiness Tool employs Rogers’ “diffusion of
innovations theory” to make participating in policy change more accessible
• Level of innovation: the degree to which an adopter is relatively earlier or later in taking up new ideas than other members of a system
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Understanding Level of Innovation • Past work on smoke-free spaces bylaws revealed
common patterns of municipal policy behaviour • Key findings:
– Initial adopters were often the first to amend or strengthen bylaws over time - “Initiators” reprise their roles as issue evolved
– Municipal decision-makers followed familiar patterns of policy making within their network
– Different types of “adopter characteristics” were suggestive of a municipality’s bylaw readiness relative to others in the same policy context
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Development of the Tool (2011) • Phase 1: Development of a pilot tool
• Phase 2: Tested the tool with municipal representatives across Alberta (24 communities)
• Phase 3: Lit review, environmental scan, and key informant interviews with experts working in policy
– To collect evidence-based and best practice strategies on development / implementation of healthy public policy
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Policy Readiness Tool – Key Partners • Expert advice provided by the Provincial Advisory
Group of the Alberta Policy Coalition for Chronic Disease Prevention (APCCP)
- Included policy developers and advocates, practitioners, community organizations, and researchers representing 15 different organizations across Alberta
The APCCP works together to coordinate efforts, generate evidence and advocate for policy change in order to reduce
Take a moment and think about a community you are familiar with, and consider the 5 questions below:
Choose the closest response, then tally your total As, Bs, and Cs (at your desk)… …We will ask for your response on the next slide.
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Poll Question #5 Based on your responses to the 5
questions on the last slide: 1. Mostly A’s 2. Mostly B’s 3. Mostly C’s
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Using the Policy Readiness Tool: “Adopter Categories”
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Adopter Category Descriptions • Mostly As: Innovators are described as
“adventurous” and often serve as initiators or role models within their social networks
• Mostly Bs: The Majority are described as “deliberate” because they require time to consider the evidence and determine whether to adopt a new policy
• Mostly Cs: Late Adopters are described as “traditional” and may be skeptical of new ideas (without substantial evidence) or eager to maintain the status quo
Mostly As: Innovators • Are described as “adventurous” and often serve as
initiators or role models within their social networks
- Attracted by high-reward initiatives and are “risk-takers”
- Can cope with elevated levels of uncertainty associated with the new policy
- Typically willing to cope with initial problems & able to identify solutions to these problems
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Mostly Bs: The Majority • Are described as “deliberate” because they require
time to consider the evidence and determine whether to adopt a new policy
- Seldom lead the pack - Is often of the philosophy that it is better to change as a
group than to be one of the first to change - Tends to adopt policies at about the same time as the
average adopter
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Mostly Cs: Late Adopters • Are described as “traditional” and may be skeptical
of new ideas (without substantial evidence) or eager to maintain the status quo
- Usually wait until the majority of others have adopted a policy
- May need to be pressured into policy adoption - May never adopt the policy unless required to
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Reminder: Category Caveats • Not a value judgment about a community or organization
There is no good or bad adopter category!
• Instead, the Tool offers an efficient way to select appropriate strategies to support policy development in a particular context
Not a one-size-fits-all solution, but a place to start!
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Lessons from Practice so Far… • Successful diffusion depends on interaction between the
adopter groups over time and place - e.g., A critical mass of bylaws can lead to provincial policy
• Supports action and advocacy: - Find sound innovations & support innovators - Make innovator activity observable (visible!)
• Understanding policy adoption trends is useful for: - Refining policy strategies - Responding to changes in policy context - Informing new policies or policy development in other
jurisdictions 51
Applying the Tool: Strengths Increasing Local Capacity for Policy Change
1) Builds personal and community level capacity Increase knowledge, skills & leadership
2) Addresses the resource capacity issues of advocates and organizations Focus on effective use of limited resources via tailored strategies
3) Builds knowledge through intersectoral collaboration Encourage those from different sectors to consider new policy
change strategies 52
Applying the Tool: Limitations • Diffusion theory is uni-directional, time-specific, and
linear - Static instrument explaining a dynamic process, which may still
be ongoing at time of “readiness” assessment
• Most applicable to simple (single issue) and straight-forward cases of policy change
• Caveat - users must remain flexible and leave room to act on the unexpected!
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Examples of Community Products & Outcomes • Policy Readiness Tool (English and French) (~1200
downloads since early 2012) • General Strategies for Policy Change (English & French) • Profiles is:
• ‘Registry of Methods and Tools’ on National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools website
• ‘Prevention Policies Directory’ on the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer’s website
• ‘Practice-based Evidence in Nutrition’ through Dietitians of Canada
• Requests for specific uses all across Canada (e.g., using the Tool to identify municipalities to work with for research around healthy eating policies in recreation facilities)
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What’s Happening Now • New website:
• Online completion of the questionnaire component • Resources and strategies always being updated
• Evaluation of the new website (online survey and interviews)
• Working to adopt the Tool specifically for use in school settings
• Connecting people interested in healthy public policy change
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Join us in the conversation!
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Upcoming Webinar • Thursday, October 1, 2015 (1:00-2:30pm EST) • Using the Policy Readiness Tool in Public Health • Advisors on Tap:
• Kayla Atkey, Alberta Policy Coalition for Chronic Disease Prevention
• Cathy Gladwin, Injury Prevention Centre, University of Alberta • Sherry Jarvis, Applied Research Collaborations, Dalhouise
University • Shandy Reed, Alberta School Employee Benefit Plan
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Acknowledgements The team would like to thank members of the Alberta Policy Coalition for Chronic Disease Prevention (APCCP) for their
expertise and feedback in the development of the Policy Readiness Tool.
Financial Support: * Diffusion work was funded by a CIHR Strategic Training Program in
Tobacco Research Fellowship (2004-2005). * PRT development supported by the APCCP (2009-2011), which was
funded by Alberta Cancer Prevention Legacy Fund (Alberta Health Services).
* PRT pilot evaluation funded by Killam Trust Fund, University of Alberta (2012).
* PRT dissemination grant funded by CIHR (2014-2015) 58
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Dr. Candace Nykiforuk Associate Professor, School of Public Health, University of Alberta CIHR/PHAC/AI-HS Applied Public Health Chair E: [email protected] www.policyreadinesstool.com E: [email protected]
Poll Question #6 What are your next steps? I plan to …
A. access the Policy Readiness Tool. B. read the NCCMT summary of the Policy
Readiness Tool. C. consider using the Policy Readiness Tool. D. tell a colleague about the Policy Readiness
Tool.
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privately to ‘Host’)
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Join us for our next webinar Part 2: Using the Policy Readiness Tool in
Public Health
October 1, 2015 from 1:00 – 2:30pm EST Hear the stories of how public health practitioners have used the Policy Readiness Tool in practice and discuss challenges and successes when applying the Policy Readiness Tool. Click here to register: http://ow.ly/Qc50a
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Funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada | Affiliated with McMaster University The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Public Health Agency of Canada.
For more information about the National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools: NCCMT website www.nccmt.ca Contact: [email protected]