GERMANY 1918-1936 • 1918 Revolution • Effects of the Treaty of Versailles (1919-21) • Troubles of the early Weimar Republic (1921-23) • Recovery of the Stresseman era (1923-29) • Onset of the Great Depression (1929-1932) • Rise of National Socialism (1932) • Hitler in power (1933) • The Nazi dictatorship (1934-36)
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
GERMANY 1918-1936
• 1918 Revolution• Effects of the Treaty of Versailles (1919-21)• Troubles of the early Weimar Republic (1921-23)• Recovery of the Stresseman era (1923-29)• Onset of the Great Depression (1929-1932)• Rise of National Socialism (1932)• Hitler in power (1933) • The Nazi dictatorship (1934-36)
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Qn1: What does Source A tell you aboutGermany in 1918? (5)
30 Oct Naval muntiny in Kiel
9 NovKaiser Wilhelm II abdicated
10 NovSocial Democratic Party set up German Republic in Weimar
11 NovFriedrich Ebert signed armistice with France
Source A
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Qn2: How does Source B help you understand why Germany was displeased with the Treaty of Versailles? (6)
Source B
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Why the resentment?
-Diktat was humiliating
-War guilt clause was blank cheque
-Military caps left Germany vulnerable to invasions
-Reparations further impoverished Germany
-No self-determination for Germans in territories lost
-Military was back-stabbed by “November criminals” (Socialists)
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
1. Weakness 0f the Constitution of the Weimar Republic
Strengths-All Germans can vote-Proportional Representation-Presidential veto
Weaknesses-Equal votes = attacks from left & right-Coalitions = weak government-Presidential veto = dictatorship-Retention of men from 2nd Reich
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
2. Hassled from the Right: Freikorps & the Kapp Putsch
3. Weakened from reparations: Hyperinflation
Explain the effects of hyperinflation on:
1. An ex-solider on army pension
2. A businessman in debt
3. A retiree living on savings
4. A factory worker paid daily wages
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
5. Invaded by France & Belgium: Occupation of the Ruhr & German passive resistance
6. Challenged from within: The Munich “Beer Hall” Putsch-Angry with November criminals of Weimar Republic-Confident with General Ludendorff’s support from the military-Encouraged by right-wing leaders in the Bavaria government-Inspired by Mussolini’s March on Rome-Furious with Stresseman’s end of passive resistance
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Sep 1919: Hitler joins German Worker’s Party in MunichFeb 1920: renamed National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis)Aug 1921: set up Sturm Abteilung (SA) or Stormtroopers under Ernst Rohm9 Nov 1923: Attempted Munich “Beer Hall” putsch, Mein Kampf in Lansberg1926: Relaunch party, set up interest groups, mass military rallies
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Gustav Stresseman (Chancellor, 1923; Foreign Minister 1924-29)-Introduced Rentenmark-Ended Ruhr strikes, -Negotiated Dawes Plan 1924: US loan of 800 million marks-Arranged evacuation of French & Belgian troops in 1925-Signed Locarno Treaties with Britain, France & Italy-Admitted Germany into the League of Nations-Signed Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 with 64 other nations-Introduced Young’s Plan of 1929: reduced reparations by 67%
Qn5: Why did Germany experience economic recovery between 1924-1929? (12)
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Qn6: The effects of the Great Depression on Germany was the most important reason for the growing popularity of the Nazi party. How far do you agree? (13)
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship Qn7: What does Source G tell you about Germany between 1928 and
1932? (5)
Source G
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Hitler’s Strategies to win votes (1929-1932)1. Propaganda 2. Pragmatism 3. Promises 4. Personality 5. Pressure
Hitler’s Steps to gain power (1932-1933)Mar 32 Presidential Elections: Hindenburg 19.4 mil votes vs Hitler 13.4 mil
votesMay 32 Fall of Bruning (Centre Party): appointment of Franz von PapenJul 32 Reichstag elections: Nazis won 230 seats, no majority, Hitler walked-
outNov 32 2nd Reichstag elections: Nazis 196 seats, von Papen vs von SchleicherJan 33 Hindenburg appoints Hitler as Chancellor
Hitler’s Schemes to consolidate power (1933-1934)Feb 33 Reichstag Fire: banned Communists, gained Emergency powersMar 33 Enabling Act: banned trade unions, destroyed SDP & KPDJun 34 Night of Long Knives: destroyed Rohms & SA through SSAug 34 Death of Hindenburg: Hitler as Fuhrer & Reich Chancellor
Established police state: SS (Schutzstaffel) & GestapoQn8: Why was the Nazi Party able to win the support of the German people between 1924-1932? (12)
Qn9: The threat from the Communists was the most important reason for Hitler’s rise to dictatorship. How far do you agree? (13)
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Reichstag, Berlin
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Brandenburg Gate, Berlin
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Deutsches Stadion, Reichsparteitagsgelande, Nuremburg, Bavaria
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Luitpoldarena, Nuremburg, Bavaria
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Propaganda in the Nazi State
Which of the following methods of propaganda has the greatest effect?1. The press2. The radio3. The cinema4. Rallies5. Posters
Economy in the Nazi State
How effective are the following measures in solving economic problems?1. Labour Service Corps2. Public Works3. Conscription and rearmament4. Exclusion of Jews, women
1934-37: Hjalmar Schacht – autarky 1937-45: Hermann Goering - armament
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Education in the Nazi State
1918 Revolution
Effects of Versailles Treaty
Troubles of early Weimar Republic
Recovery of Stresseman era
Onset of Great Depression
Rise of National Socialism
Hitler in power
The Nazi dictatorship
Jews in the Nazi State
1933: boycott Jewish shops, Jews sacked, burning of Jewish books
1934: banned Jews from public places,
1935: Nuremburg Laws – lost citizenship, right to vote, right of marriage
1936: ?
1937: Jewish business confiscated
1938: compulsory registration, exclusion from school, expulsion to PolandNovember pogrom – arrest of 30,000 wealthy JewsReich Kristallnacht – Crystal Night
Opernplatz, Berlin
Humbolt University, Berlin
Kristallnacht at the Neue Synagogue, Oranienburg, Berlin
Dachau, Bavaria
Haus der Wannsee Conferenz, Berlin
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Related Documents
