Navigation Technology. Warm-Up Questions CPS Questions 1-2 Chapter 4, Lesson 5.

Navigation TechnologyNavigation Technology

Warm-Up QuestionsWarm-Up Questions

CPS Questions 1-2 CPS Questions 1-2

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The uses of the plotterThe uses of the plotter The uses of the dead reckoning computerThe uses of the dead reckoning computer How and when to use radio aids to navigationHow and when to use radio aids to navigation Current developments in navigation Current developments in navigation

technologytechnology How the Air Force uses GPS and inertial How the Air Force uses GPS and inertial

navigation in air operationsnavigation in air operations The purpose of computer flight-planning toolsThe purpose of computer flight-planning tools

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Quick WriteQuick Write

Can you think of any ways that GPS Can you think of any ways that GPS jammers could be useful?jammers could be useful?

(Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS) (Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS)

Chapter 4, Lesson 5 © Guy Shapira/ShutterStock, Inc.

The Uses of the PlotterThe Uses of the Plotter Plotter—Combination protractor and ruler that helps Plotter—Combination protractor and ruler that helps

determine true course and measure distancedetermine true course and measure distance Protractor part—Includes an outer half circle and an Protractor part—Includes an outer half circle and an

inner half circle to indicate degrees for directioninner half circle to indicate degrees for direction Ruler—Aids in determining distanceRuler—Aids in determining distance Nautical and statute mile marks—used for airspeed-Nautical and statute mile marks—used for airspeed-

to-distance calculations to-distance calculations

Chapter 4, Lesson 5Reproduced from US Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration

Uses of the Dead Reckoning Uses of the Dead Reckoning ComputerComputer

Also known as a flight computerAlso known as a flight computer Used to solve equations: calculations of Used to solve equations: calculations of

time, distance, speed, fuel consumption, time, distance, speed, fuel consumption, and wind driftand wind drift

Two sides: slide rule side, and wind sideTwo sides: slide rule side, and wind side Slide rule side—pilots can figure out a Slide rule side—pilots can figure out a

trip’s time, distance, speed, and fuel use, trip’s time, distance, speed, and fuel use, among other informationamong other information

Chapter 4, Lesson 5Courtesy of Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.

Uses of the Dead Reckoning Uses of the Dead Reckoning Computer, cont.Computer, cont.

From wind correction angle— pilot From wind correction angle— pilot can figure out the true heading, can figure out the true heading, direction in which the aircraft’s nose direction in which the aircraft’s nose should point to reach the destinationshould point to reach the destination

Pilot can also reverse the process to Pilot can also reverse the process to find the wind velocity and directionfind the wind velocity and direction

Chapter 4, Lesson 5Courtesy of Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.

Activity 1: Contrasting Plotters Activity 1: Contrasting Plotters and Dead Reckoning Computersand Dead Reckoning Computers

Use the Venn Diagram to identify the Use the Venn Diagram to identify the similarities and differences between plotters similarities and differences between plotters and dead reckoning computers as navigation and dead reckoning computers as navigation tools tools

List their differences on each side of the List their differences on each side of the diagramdiagram

List the similar uses and features where the List the similar uses and features where the two circles overlap two circles overlap

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Learning Check QuestionsLearning Check Questions

CPS Questions 3-4CPS Questions 3-4

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

How and When to Use RadioHow and When to Use Radio Aids to Navigation Aids to Navigation

Radio aids help pilots navigate with precision to Radio aids help pilots navigate with precision to almost any point desiredalmost any point desired

Used when the weather isn’t clear, when altitudes Used when the weather isn’t clear, when altitudes are too great to follow landmarks on the ground, are too great to follow landmarks on the ground, and to maintain safe distances between aircraft and to maintain safe distances between aircraft

Operating a radio aid requires: Installing a radio Operating a radio aid requires: Installing a radio receiver in the aircraft, referring to air navigation receiver in the aircraft, referring to air navigation charts, the ground stations themselves, and a flight charts, the ground stations themselves, and a flight deck with all of its flight instruments deck with all of its flight instruments

Chapter 4, Lesson 5Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Types of Radio AidsTypes of Radio Aids

VOR receiver finds the radial VOR receiver finds the radial transmitting from a VOR station transmitting from a VOR station located on the groundlocated on the ground

VOR receiver measures the VOR receiver measures the radial in degrees clockwise from radial in degrees clockwise from magnetic northmagnetic north

Tells the pilot the aircraft’s Tells the pilot the aircraft’s direction in degrees from a direction in degrees from a chosen stationchosen station

Chapter 4, Lesson 5Chapter 4, Lesson 5Reproduced from US Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration

How VOR WorksHow VOR Works VOR sends the pilot azimuth data—a VOR sends the pilot azimuth data—a

measurement of distance in degrees measurement of distance in degrees VOR ground stations broadcast at VOR ground stations broadcast at

VHF in straight, unobstructed linesVHF in straight, unobstructed lines Pilot tunes the VOR receiver to the Pilot tunes the VOR receiver to the

selected VOR station’s frequency selected VOR station’s frequency To/from indicator tells the pilot if the To/from indicator tells the pilot if the

selected course will take the aircraft selected course will take the aircraft toward or away from the selected toward or away from the selected stationstation

Chapter 4, Lesson 5Chapter 4, Lesson 5 Reproduced from US Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration

More on VORsMore on VORs Some VORs include distance-measuring equipmentSome VORs include distance-measuring equipment

—an electronic navigation system that determines —an electronic navigation system that determines the number of nautical miles between an aircraft the number of nautical miles between an aircraft and a ground station or waypointand a ground station or waypoint

Together they are known as VOR/DMETogether they are known as VOR/DME Military installs it along with a piece Military installs it along with a piece

of equipment called tactical air of equipment called tactical air navigation, or TACAN; provides navigation, or TACAN; provides distance and directiondistance and direction

Chapter 4, Lesson 5Courtesy of USAF/TSgt Eric Petosky

Automatic Direction FinderAutomatic Direction Finder Determines the bearing from the Determines the bearing from the

aircraft to a selected ground station aircraft to a selected ground station Non-directional radio beacon (NDB) Non-directional radio beacon (NDB)

station transmits radio energy in all station transmits radio energy in all directionsdirections

Pilot uses an ADF to “home in” on a Pilot uses an ADF to “home in” on a stationstation

AM signals can curve with the Earth; AM signals can curve with the Earth; they aren’t restricted to straight linesthey aren’t restricted to straight lines

Chapter 4, Lesson 5Reproduced from US Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration

Instrument Landing SystemInstrument Landing System ILS provides an approach path to a specific runwayILS provides an approach path to a specific runway Provides three types of information: guidance, Provides three types of information: guidance,

range, and visualrange, and visual Guidance comes from two transmitters on the Guidance comes from two transmitters on the

ground: the localizer and glide slope indicatorground: the localizer and glide slope indicator Range comes from marker beaconsRange comes from marker beacons Visual aids come from all Visual aids come from all

kinds of lightskinds of lights

Chapter 4, Lesson 5Reproduced from US Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration

Global Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System

Satellite-based radio navigation systemSatellite-based radio navigation system Uses data from at least four satellites to Uses data from at least four satellites to

pinpoint an aircraft’s positionpinpoint an aircraft’s position Receiver measures distance from a satellite Receiver measures distance from a satellite

by counting the length of time it takes a by counting the length of time it takes a radio signal to travel from the satellite to radio signal to travel from the satellite to the GPS setthe GPS set

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Activity 2: Radio Aids Activity 2: Radio Aids to Navigation to Navigation

Review the textbook information on how Review the textbook information on how and when to use radio aids to navigationand when to use radio aids to navigation

Read the information from NASA Virtual Read the information from NASA Virtual Skies on radio navigation aids Skies on radio navigation aids

Complete the chart and describe how the Complete the chart and describe how the aids work and when they are used in aids work and when they are used in navigationnavigation

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Learning Check QuestionsLearning Check Questions

CPS Questions 5-6CPS Questions 5-6

Current Developments in Current Developments in Navigation TechnologyNavigation Technology

NextGen will move air traffic from a radar-based system to a satellite-based technology

Turning to satellite transmissions, pilots and air traffic controllers can receive information in real time

Timely data means improved safety

Chapter 4, Lesson 5Courtesy of NASA

Automatic Dependent Automatic Dependent Surveillance-BroadcastSurveillance-Broadcast

Device that repeatedly broadcasts a message Device that repeatedly broadcasts a message that includes the aircraft’s position and velocitythat includes the aircraft’s position and velocity

ADS-B system broadcasts all of the data it has ADS-B system broadcasts all of the data it has collected to nearby aircraft as well as to ADS-B collected to nearby aircraft as well as to ADS-B ground stations on a regular basisground stations on a regular basis

All aircraft will need to be able to communicate All aircraft will need to be able to communicate with the ADS-B system by 2020 with the ADS-B system by 2020

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Learning Check QuestionsLearning Check Questions

CPS Questions 7-8CPS Questions 7-8

Activity 3: Current Developments Activity 3: Current Developments in Navigation Technology in Navigation Technology

Create a presentation on one of the Create a presentation on one of the current developments in navigation current developments in navigation technologytechnology

Conduct and investigate research using Conduct and investigate research using the sources identifiedthe sources identified

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

AF Uses of GPS and Inertial AF Uses of GPS and Inertial Navigation in Air OperationsNavigation in Air Operations

AF is the Defense Department branch that operates the AF is the Defense Department branch that operates the country’s GPS satellitescountry’s GPS satellites

Military version of GPS relies on two radio signals rather Military version of GPS relies on two radio signals rather than one and is also encrypted than one and is also encrypted

Military’s guided bomb units use GPS/INS guidance Military’s guided bomb units use GPS/INS guidance systems—a precision weapon guided by GPS, INS, and/or systems—a precision weapon guided by GPS, INS, and/or laser technology to its targetlaser technology to its target

Aircraft and UASs also rely on these navigation systems to Aircraft and UASs also rely on these navigation systems to get them where they need to goget them where they need to go

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Activity 4: Features and BenefitsActivity 4: Features and Benefits of GPS and INS Guidance Systems of GPS and INS Guidance Systems

Fill in the chart using information from the textbook

Answer the analysis questions Answer the analysis questions

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Purpose of Computer Purpose of Computer Flight-Planning ToolsFlight-Planning Tools

Pilots use software that lets aircrews Pilots use software that lets aircrews electronically draw up and file flight planselectronically draw up and file flight plans

These preprogrammed flight plans can take These preprogrammed flight plans can take weather reports into account; they may be weather reports into account; they may be linked to ADS-Blinked to ADS-B

As a flight progresses the computer can also As a flight progresses the computer can also alter the heading for any changes in wind alter the heading for any changes in wind

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Learning Check QuestionsLearning Check Questions

CPS Questions 9-10CPS Questions 9-10

Activity 5 Flight Simulator: Using VOR Stations to Navigate

Experience how to navigate an aircraft using Experience how to navigate an aircraft using VOR stations in Microsoft Flight SimulatorVOR stations in Microsoft Flight Simulator

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

SummarySummary

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

The uses of the plotterThe uses of the plotter The uses of the dead reckoning computerThe uses of the dead reckoning computer How and when to use radio aids to navigationHow and when to use radio aids to navigation Current developments in navigation Current developments in navigation

technologytechnology How the Air Force uses GPS and inertial How the Air Force uses GPS and inertial

navigation in air operationsnavigation in air operations The purpose of computer flight-planning toolsThe purpose of computer flight-planning tools

Chapter 4, Lesson 5

Review QuestionsReview Questions

CPS Questions 11-12CPS Questions 11-12

The Science of Flight:The Science of Flight:A Gateway to New HorizonsA Gateway to New Horizons

This course has introduced you to many aspects of the This course has introduced you to many aspects of the science of flight and how airplanes fly. There are many science of flight and how airplanes fly. There are many

great opportunities for you on the horizon.great opportunities for you on the horizon.

As you continue your journey, use this course as a As you continue your journey, use this course as a foundation to pursue those avenues and as a gateway to foundation to pursue those avenues and as a gateway to

new adventures.new adventures.

Chapter 4, Lesson 5