Road to Autonomy Navigating a Moving Target in Today‘s Mobility Markets Farid Khairallah Portfolio Director – Safety Domain Electronic Control Units
Road to AutonomyNavigating a Moving Target in Today‘s Mobility Markets
Farid KhairallahPortfolio Director – Safety Domain Electronic Control Units
Traditional OEMs
Car manufacturer with business model to end customer
Passenger Car
Comm. Vehicle OEMsand Fleet Owners
HCV / LCV manufacturerWith business model toFleet owners
Automated Operation
Automation as costreduction factor
Highly diversified market
Commercial Vehicles
Industry Automation
People and CargoPurpose Built Vehicles
PBV manufacturer with business model tofleet owners, cities,mobility providers
Transport as a ServiceProvider
TaaS as businessmodel to end customers
No fleet ownershiplow asset valuation
People & Cargo Mover
Ride Hailing
Mobility Market Segments
2
ZF delivers SEE THINK ACT in 5 market segments
SEE... THINK... ACT
Path of Vehicle Ahead
Speed Limit
Vehicle Ahead
4
Lane Markings
What Does a Car Need to See for ADAS?
Internal
What Does a Car Need to See for Automated Driving?Everything!
Light Passenger Vehicles: Example: MEET EU-NCAP
Crossing Near-sideCrossing Far-side Same Direction Traffic Sign Assist
Emergency Steering
Assist
Collision Mitigation
Braking
Pedestrian AEB
Functions to Support the MissionExample:Obstructed
6EUNCAP ONLY
Commercial Vehicle Market Drivers / ADAS/ADMarket Pull Unique to Commercial Vehicles – Drivers/Fuel/Safety
Fleet Owners Pull Government/Regulatory Agencies Pull
• Driver hours of service• Driver retention• Drivers shortage
• Platooning functions• Driver distraction
• Interior observation• Driver health and alertness
• Interior observation• Safety
• Camera and radar• Fuel cost
• AD/platooning functions• Traffic congestion and delays
• Emission reduction• Accident avoidance• Safer roads• Congestion reduction
7
Internal
OFF-HIGHWAY SPECIFIC CHALLENGES
9
Confidence Level
4-Stars
5-Stars
SCAM 4.8
Front CAM+ Rear Cam + USS CAMERA + MRR CAMERA + 2X Corner SRR
System Architecture – EUNCAP
9
Domain ECU(s)
In-vehicle gateway: CAN(FD), FlexRay, Ethernet
360° radars
360°cameras
360°ultrasonic
360° lidar
Driver camera
Driver sensors
ECU ASIL↑object/infra
fusion, perception, decision,
planning, ASIL D functions
Connectivity ECU
V2XReal-time
map
ESC ECU
Powertrain
Brakes
Steering
Infotainment
EPS ECU
Gearbox
Vehicle sensors
ECU ASIL↓ TSR, TLR, driver
state, …ASIL≤C functions
Image Processingenvironment detection,
camera sensor fusion, bird’s eye
view, driver detection
Drivetrain ECU
Display
Critical
Less criticalNon-gateway
ACR ECU Restraints
Airbag ECU Airbags
System Architecture for Automated Driving
10AD ARCHITECTURE
E-Drive
Sensors, Actuators, and Computers
Active Kinematics
Control (AKC)
Radar
IntegratedBraking
Control (IBC)
LiDAR
ZF ProAIRoboThink
supercomputer
Camera
Electronic Power
Steering (EPS)
Damper
11
Front Cameras S-Cam4 & TriCam Short-Range Radar
Remote Camera Heads Medium-Range Radar
Interior Observation System Sound.AI Microphone
Camera Radar Lidar
Comprehensive ZF Sensor Set
Solid-State LiDAR
Full-Range Radar
12
High Automation [L4]NCAP …. Highway Pilot
ZF offers a seamless portfolio of Domain ECUs from NCAP … L4
AD Tech-Update 2019 - 27.05.2019 13
ZF ProAI Gen11..10 TOPS
ZF ProAI Gen210-15 TOPS
ZF ProAI Gen220-25 TOPS
ZF ProAI Gen33 slots
Modular Performanceup to 90 TOPS
ZF ProAI RoboThinkStandard SOC + dGPU (150)
up to 150 TOPS
scaling
Simulation and Efficient Function Development Support
Function Description
Definition of Verification Criteria (KPIs)AD Algorithm
System & Algorithm
Test Plan
VehicleDriving SimulatorSiL
Function-wise Statistical Evaluation (Qualitative & Quantitative Analysis)
14
Validation Challenges – ADAS vs. AD
ADAS Function (e.g. Emergency Braking Assist):
• Defined use-case
• Small number of variables
• Limited number of test cases
• Backup: Driver always in the loop
• Classical testing approach (e.g. NCAP)
AD Function (e.g. Highway Driving Chauffeur):
vego vtarget
∆x
• High variety in functions (Exits,
Construction Zones, Interchanges,
Traffic Jam…)
• High randomness in scenarios
• High dynamic situations/boundary
conditions
• Classical testing approach not sufficient
test coverage not ensured
15
Strange looking truck miss detectedGhost vehicle falsely detected
Validation – Infinite Use Cases
Missed detection of motorcycleFalse lane classification
Validation – Infinite Use Cases
E-Drive
Electronic Power Steering (EPS)
Suspension
Integrated Braking Control (IBC) Radar
Active Kinematics Control (AKC) Camera
ZF ProAI RoboThinkSupercomputer
Seat Belt System LiDAR
Completing the MissionZF Delivers – A Full Systems Supplier in all Technology Domains
18
Traditional OEMs
car manufacturer with business model to end customer
Passenger Car
Comm. Vehicle OEMs and Fleet Owners
HCV / LCV manufacturerWith business model toFleet owners
Automated Operation
Automation as costreduction factor
highly diversified market
Commercial Vehicles
Industry Automation
People and Cargo Purpose Built Vehicles
PBV manufacturer with business model tofleet owners, cities,mobility providers
Transport as a Serviceproviders
TaaS as businessmodel to end customers
no fleet ownershiplow asset valuation
People & Cargo Mover
Ride Hailing
Strategic Market Segments of Automated Driving
Level1 - 2+ Level 4 / 5 Level 3 Level 4 / 5
19SEE...THINK...ACT FOR ALL