Nature speaking (1)

Nature

Oxford EAP, Unit 4 B,C

•Discussion•Listening

Definition

•Rural•Urban

Rural• Rural area -a rural

area or countryside is a geographic area that is located outside cities and the centers of towns.

• Rural -of or relating to the country and the people who live there instead of the city

Urban• Urban area- is

the region surrounding a city. Most inhabitants of urban areas have nonagricultural jobs. Urban areas are very developed, there is a density (thickness) human structures such as houses, commercial buildings, roads, bridges, and railways.

• Urban-of or relating to cities and the people who live in them

Critical thinking. Do you agree or disagree?• It is better to live in Urban areas than Rural

areas.

Talk about this topic from different perspectives to show your stance. Use some of phrases below.

-From an economic perspective, -Politically speaking, -If we look at this from a social perspective, -As far as politics are concerned.Giving an opinion Asking for an opinion Responding-I think (that) -What do you think? -I can see what you’re saying- In my view -What are your views on?-I see what you mean-From my point of view -But surely

Critical thinking.•“First of all we are educated in rural

village school then learn at college & university? Is it necessary to setup my family to urban for learn university degree?”

Critical thinking. Do you agree or disagree?• Schooling is better in urban areas than rural ones.

Talk about this topic from different perspectives to show your stance. Use some of phrases below.

-From an economic perspective, -Politically speaking, -If we look at this from a social perspective, -As far as politics are concerned.Giving an opinion Asking for an opinion Responding-I think (that) -What do you think? -I can see what you’re

saying- In my view -What are your views on?-I see what you mean-From my point of view -But surely

Critical thinking. Do you agree or disagree?•People living in urban areas are more

stressed than ones living in rural areas Researchers have shown that the parts of

the brain dealing with stress and emotion are affected by living among the crowds.

•Has the number of people living in rural and urban areas changed in recent years?

•What causes people to move from rural to urban areas? Give 3 important reasons.

•Which problems can urbanization cause?

•Advantages and disadvantages living in a rural area and an urban area?

In future would you like to live in urban areas or rural ones? Because of what?• Public transportation• Cultural life• Education• Diversity• Food• Public parks• Historical buildings• Attraction and entertainment• Restaurants and shopping• Medical care• Space and Nature• High job opportunities• Low cost• More relaxation• Mental thought

•Listening

Taking notes on the main points.• Task 2. 4.4.-Urbanization since 1990-?-Urbanization in the newly industrialized countries-?-The economic impacts of Urbanization-?-The environmental impact of Urbanization -?

Vocabulary1) trend-general direction of change2) Driver of the growth Driver -a factor that causes a particular phenomenon to

happen or develop.3) massively- large in amount4) prosperity- the state of being successful usually by making a

lot of money

4.4 Answers.1.Urbanization since 1990•Urban population in •1990=220 million=13% global population

were living in urban areas•1950-732 million=29% global population•2005-3.2 billion=49 % global population•UN predicts 4.9 billion (60%) by 2030

4.4 Answers.2. Urbanization in newly industrialized

countries•Catching up quickly/Much faster today

4.4 Answers.•3.Economic impact-•Main drivers of economic growth e.g. next

20 years 50,000 skyscrapers, 200 million new jobs;

•Urban population consume more/ Urban consumption is higher than rural, e.g. meat consumption 60%higher, 25% have fridges

•Positive impact for economic development

•3.Environmetal impact•Negative aspects- 1)overcrowding in

cities, 2)pollution, 3)people consuming more resources/increased consumption of resources

•Positive aspects- 1)birth rate falls/reduce population growth;2)Fewer people use land and farming

Academic Language. Numbers.•Number below 10 are often written in full,

especially when they are followed by a noun. e.g.

three ways of improving English.•CO2 –C O two•Using approximation talking about large

numbers. almost, around,

NumbersCardinal Numbers Ordinal Numbers• 4,10,11,16• Spoken English usually

uses the indefinite article (a) with numbers between 100 and 199.

• 139 = a hundred and thirty-nine.

• In more formal English, 'one' can be used.

• 139 = one hundred and thirty-nine.

• 12th, 5th, 1st

• there are some difficult cases. 'V' changes to 'F' and the final 'E' is dropped from '5' and '12'.

• 5th = the fifth   • 12th = the twelfth (in both cases

the 'F' is silent and the numbers are pronounced /FIθ/ & /TWELθ/)

• With multiples of ten the final 'Y' changes to 'IETH'.

• 30th = the thirtieth• Don't forget that the final 'E' is

also dropped from the number 9.• 9th = the ninth /NAINTH/

Cardinal numbers•In British English, when saying cardinal

numbers, 'and' comes after the word 'hundred'. 4,150 - four thousand, one hundred and fifty.

(in US English this 'and' is sometimes dropped).

•If a number between 1 and 99 follows thousand, million etc, 'and' is also used.

123,099 = a/one hundred (and) twenty-three thousand and ninety-nine.

5,001 = five thousand and one.

Decimals and lists of numbers

• In decimal numbers (less than one), '0' is pronounced 'nought' /NORT/ in British English, and 'zero' /ZEEROW/ in USA English if it comes before the decimal point.

•  0.3 = nought point three (UK) and zero point three (US).• If '0' appears to the right of the decimal point it is pronounced

'zero' in both Britain and the USA.• 1.03 = one point zero three (UK&US).• After the decimal point, each number must be spoken

individually.• 7.3661 = seven point three, six, six, one.• When numbers appear in lists, for example bank account, room

and flight numbers, '0' is pronounced like the letter 'O' /OW/.• In football scores '0' is 'nil' /NIL/, and in tennis it is 'love' /LUV/.

Fractions

• The indefinite article (a/an) is used when the upper number is 1.

• ½ = a half, ⅓ = a third, ¼ = a quarter, ⅛ = an eighth• In fractions starting with a number above 1, cardinal

numbers combine with plural ordinal numbers (see exceptions above).

• ¾ = three quarters, ⅜ = three eighths.• When fractions combine with whole numbers, use

'and' between the two types of number.• 16⅞ = sixteen and seven eighths.

•Thank you for attention