Nature protection

8/10/2019 Nature protection

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EU focus on

nature protection

European C om m ission


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EU focus onnature protection

European Commission

Directorate-General for the Environment


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A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet.It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int).

Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2002

ISBN 92-894-1406-5

European Communities, 2002Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.

Printed in Belgium

PRINTED ON RECYCLED-FREE PAPER

Copies of this publication are available free-of-charge while stocks last from:

Information Centre (BU-9 0/11)Environment Directorate-GeneralEuropean Commission

B-1049 Brussels

Fax: (32-2) 299 61 98

E-mail: [email protected]


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Preface

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Action to protect our natural heritage has played an

increasingly important role in European Union policy foralmost 30 years. In 1973, the first action programme for theenvironment came into effect. In April 1979, the BirdsDirective was the first EU law designed to preserve the naturalenvironment, both for us and for generations to come.Back in 1951, the six founding nations that signed the Treatyof Paris and established the European Coal and SteelCommunity had their eyes on developing these industrial

sectors rather than assessing their impact on the environment.But by the 1970s, international attention was focusing on thegrowing damage our modern lifestyle was inflicting on thenatural world and its resources.

Since then, care for the animals, birds and plants andlandscapes native to our part of the world has become anintegral part of EU policy-making. Decisions on crucial issues

such as transport, energy and agriculture can no longer betaken without regard for their impact on wildlife and thecountryside. Many EU citizens have become aware of thethreat to our natural environment, and have made theirvoices heard in demands for action at local, national andEuropean levels.

The EUs 15 Member States extend from the Arctic Circle in the

north to the warm Mediterranean waters in the south. Fromthe windswept Atlantic coasts to the Alpine peaks, the Unioncovers a vast range of natural habitats with a stunningdiversity of flora and fauna. But almost everywhere, thisbiodiversity is in danger. That is why the EU has introducednew, stronger tools both legal and financial forsafeguarding the natural environment.


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Some people believe that protecting nature must mean

cutting living standards, putting economic development intoreverse, and limiting individual freedom to enjoy the naturalworld. The EU takes a different approach, based on the factthat people are part of nature, and the two work best inpartnership. We believe care for the environment can improveEuropeans quality of life, as well as boosting economicsectors such as forestry and tourism. Wildlife protection cancoexist with social and economic interests, but to make this

happen we must implement sustainable development finding ways of improving our quality of life without causingharm to the environment, future generations, and the peopleof both the rich and developing worlds.

The EU recognises that the support and involvement of peopleat local level, at the grass-roots, is vital to safeguardingnatural habitats and wildlife. But the Union can also make a

difference. First, Europe-wide legislation provides a coherentframework within which national and local authorities, NGOsand individual conservationists can act. Secondly, EU fundingprogrammes offer vital support for initiatives aimed atpreserving biodiversity.

This brochure outlines the EUs strategy for nature protection.

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Species and habitats

The 15 Member States of the EU cover most of Western Europe,with a surface area of over 3 million km 2 and a population of370 million. Our rich natural heritage encompasses a hugediversity of life forms, and landscapes of awesome andcontrasting natural beauty. It includes several thousand typesof habitat, home to 150 species of mammal, 520 species ofbird, 180 species of reptile and amphibian, 150 species of fish,10 000 plant species and at least 100 000 species ofinvertebrate.(1)

Yet despite improved conservation policies in Member States,many species are declining rapidly. Today, half our mammalsand one-third of reptile, bird and fish species areendangered. Pollution and fishing seriously threaten marinespecies such as monk seals and turtles. Birds like the slender-

billed curlew are so rare that they risk extinction, while evennumbers of common species such as the skylark and gardenwarbler have fallen dramatically. There are 3 000 species ofplant under threat 27 of them in danger of dying out.

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N a t u r e p r o t e c t i o n t h e issu es

(1) Figures from the European Environment Agency (EEA),Copenhagen, 1995.


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The Habitats Directive of 1992 identified at-risk species and

habitats needing protection in each Member State:

SurfaceBiogeographicalarearegions as % of EUHabitatsSpecies

Mediterranean27.2 %142 386Atlantic 24 % 118 132Continental20.3 % 135 173Boreal 20.2 % 84 99Alpine 8 % 100 165Macaronesia0.3 % 38 151

Source: CTE-CN updated on 12/99


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Many of these species are at risk because of the loss of their

natural habitats. Within the last few decades, humanactivities such as farming, industry and tourism have takenover huge tracts of land, expelling indigenous wildlife, orconfining it in meagre or inadequate territories. Riverecosystems and estuaries home to many varieties of floraand fauna have undergone severe damage throughoutEurope. Other important habitats are slowly disappearing.Heathland steppes and bogs have shrunk by 60-90 %, and

over the last century, 75 % of the dunes in France, Italy andSpain have gone. For centuries, traditional agriculturalpractices maintained a balanced environment for wildlife.Birds like the chough, for instance, depended on grazedpastures, and haymaking propagated populations of fieldherbs. But these have been replaced by intensive methodsthat drive away or destroy birds, animals and wild plants.

Pollution

Pollution and accidents also degrade the naturalenvironment. In December 1999, the tankerErika sank 60kilometres off the French coast. Oil spilling out of the crippledvessel polluted some 400 kilometres of the Brittany coastline,and damaged or destroyed up to half a million seabirds.


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In the countries of central and eastern Europe now waiting to

join the EU, the legacy of careless industrial developmentposes even greater risks for nature. In Romania, the leakageof cyanide from Australian-owned mining activities last yearpoisoned hundreds of kilometres of river, destroyingecosystems and killing tonnes of fish.

Every year, Europeans throw away hundreds of millions oftonnes of waste, some of it hazardous. Waste takes up land

space, and releases pollutants that damage soil, water and airquality. At the same time, our demand for natural resourcessuch as water and timber is in danger of exceeding supply.Unplanned tree-felling destroys forests, and increasingdemand for fresh water coupled with soil erosion isleading to desertification in parts of the south. Alongcoastlines, overfishing is decimating fish stocks. All theseactivities are threatening wild species and their habitats.

Climate change

Another threat to Europes native flora and fauna comes fromclimate change. The evidence is increasingly clear that humanactivities are producing a build-up of greenhouse gases inthe atmosphere, and warming up the Earths climate. By 2100,average temperatures in Europe are expected to rise by

between 1 and 6C. If unchecked, the pace of climate changewill be too fast for plant and animal species in differentclimatic zones to be able to adapt or migrate in time. Theconsequences for wildlife could be disastrous.

GMOs

The release of genetically modified organisms into theenvironment could have as yet unknown impacts onbiodiversity.


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A shared interest

With our natural heritage under threat from so manysources, it is in our own interests to halt the damage.We want generations to come to be able to enjoy thenatural beauty we see around us. Furthermore, many peopleslives are enriched by leisure activities that depend on thenatural environment, be they birdwatching, fishing,rock-climbing, scuba-diving or simply walking the dog.Fresh water and clean air are vital to our quality of life, andpollution of these basic elements puts human health atserious risk.

There are also important economic factors at stake inpreserving key natural resources. Well-managed forestssustain biodiversity, but they are also a long-termeconomic asset. Good soil quality is the foundation not onlyfor natural growth but also for successful farming activities.Coastal zones are home to about one-third of the EUspopulation, as well as some of the richest and most fragilenatural habitats. Loss of these habitats throughoverdevelopment also affects the welfare of localcommunities.

Above all, nature protection, far from limiting peoplesfreedom, can offer new opportunities for tourism. Tourism isone of the fastest growing industries in the world. It generatessome 6 % of Europes GDP and employs a significantproportion of the workforce. In the past, mass tourism hasbrought environmental devastation particularly to coastaland mountain areas. But as more people enjoy greaterprosperity, coupled with shorter working hours and longerretirement, there is a growing appetite for new experiencessuch as eco-tourism.


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New initiatives are finding ways to reconcile tourism with the

natural environment, and involving local communities andinterest groups. The European Charter for Sustainable Tourism,developed by the Europarc Federation, is currently beingtested in 10 European pilot areas.

Enlargement

Nature conservation will be a crucial issue for the candidatenations. When the central and eastern European countries(CEECs), Malta and Cyprus join the EU, they will bring a 58 %increase in land area, with many unspoiled landscapes,forests and parks. Enlargement will enrich the EUsbiodiversity: the wolf population alone will increase from3 200 to 10 250. But these countries must adopt new standardsto protect their natural heritage.

SustainableTourism Charter (2)

1. Respect the limits of carryingcapacity

2. Contribute to heritageconservation and enhancement

3. Preserve natural resources

4. Support the local economy

5. Promote the involvement oflocal residents

6. Develop appropriate high-quality tourism

7. Make protected areas accessible

to everyone

8. Develop new forms ofemployment

9. Encourage behaviour thatrespects the environment

10. Serve as a model for other

economic sectors and influencetheir practices

(2) More details can be obtained from theFrench Federation for Regional NatureParks; e-mail:

[email protected]


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At international level

The EU and its Member States have made internationalcommitments to protect nature through signing up to a seriesof conventions:

Ramsar Convention on the Conservation of Wetlands (1971)

Helsinki Convention on the Baltic Sea (1974)

Barcelona Convention on the Mediterranean (1976)

Bonn Convention on Migratory Species (1979)

Berne Convention on European Wildlife andNatural Habitats (1979)

Convention on the Protection of the Alps (1991)

And most importantly, the 1992 Rio Convention, whichestablished the principle of sustainable development.

Michael O'Briain


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Nature conservation, like all aspects of environmental

protection, is an issue that cannot be successfully tackled byindividual countries alone. It affects all EU citizens equally.Migratory birds do not respect frontiers. Many key habitats,such as Alpine regions or coastlines, span national borders,and when pollution enters river waters it flows downstreamthrough different States. For this reason, a binding, Europe-wide approach is crucial to successful preservation.However, the EU realises that practical action has to be taken

on the ground, and with the support of local people and theircommunities. So environmental laws respect the principle ofsubsidiarity leaving it wherever possible to national andlocal authorities to decide on their priorities and manage theirprogrammes. The Unions role is to support and coordinateinitiatives, and check that governments are living up to theirobligations.

The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 affirmed that the EU mustincorporate environmental protection into everything it does.

W h a t i s t h eE u r o p e a n U n i o n

d o i n g ?

Michael O'Briain


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This mainstreaming approach means that all majorEU strategies like the common agricultural policyor cross-border road or rail networks have to bebalanced against preserving landscapes and wildlife.The 1992 CAP reforms, for example, helped to reduce the useof nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers by 25 % and 30 %

respectively. Agenda 2000 identified environmentalprotection as a major objective of CAP reform and setits sights on integrated farming that achieved botheconomic viability and care for nature. Agri-environmentalmeasures were designed to offer financial incentives tofarmers who provide environmental services or adopt morenature-friendly farming practices.

Legislation

The most important EU laws on nature conservation are theBirds Directive (1979) and the Habitats Directive (1992).

The Birds Directive focuses on the long-term preservation ofall wild bird species in the EU. It identifies 181 endangeredspecies and sub-species for special care. Member States are

responsible for designating special protection areas (SPAs),

EC Treaty Article 6

"Environmental protection requirements must beintegrated into the definition and implementationof Community policies and activities in particularwith a view to promoting sustainable development."

MichaelO'

Briain


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Main EU instruments on nature protection

Commission Recommendation 75/66/EEC of 20 December 1974 on the protection of birds andtheir habitats

Council Directive 78/659/EEC of 18 July 1978 on fresh waters and fish life

Birds Directive: Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds

Council Regulation (EEC) No 348/81 of 20 January 1981 on imports of whales, etc. Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1981)

Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (1982)

Council Directive 83/129/EEC of 28 March 1983 on imports of seal pups skins and products

Habitats Directive: Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of naturalhabitats and wild fauna and flora

Council Regulation (EEC) No 2158/92 of 23 July 1992 on protecting forests against fire

Commission Decision 97/266/EC of 18 December 1996 on site information for Natura 2000 sites

Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 of 9 December 1996 on trade in wild fauna and flora

Council Directive 1999/22/EC of 29 March 1999 on wild animals in zoos

Regulation (EC) No 2494/2000 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 November 2000on the conservation and sustainable management of tropical and other forests in developingcountries

Commission Regulation (EC) No 191/2001 of 30 January 2001 suspending the introduction into theCommunity of specimens of certain species of wild fauna and flora


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and particularly for the conservation of migratory birds,

which are a natural asset shared by all Europeans.

Over 2 700 SPAs have been classified, covering almost 7 % ofEU territory (over 219 000 km2). As a result, populations ofsome severely threatened species are recovering. But actionvaries from country to country, and some important sites arestill not protected. There is a long way to go before we havean SPA network capable of fully safeguarding Europes

scarcest and most vulnerable birds.

The Habitats Directive aims to protect wildlife species andtheir habitats. Member States must identify special areas ofconservation (SACs) and draw up management planscombining their long-term preservation with peopleseconomic and social activities, to create a sustainabledevelopment strategy.

The Directive identifies some 200 types of habitat, 200 animalsand over 500 plant species as being of Community Interest,and requiring protection. It also singles out habitats andspecies (like the wolverine and monk seal) in imminentdanger of disappearing and needing urgent help.

Together, the SPAs and SACs form the Natura 2000 network

the cornerstone of EU nature protection policy.

Michael O'Briain

Michael O'Briain


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Natura 2000

The creation of the Natura 2000 network is the cornerstone ofCommunity nature conservation policy. Introduction ofeffective conservation and management measures for the sitesis a huge undertaking, that requires the participation of allnational and local operators and strict selection of sites atCommunity level.Today, over 12 000 sites have already been proposed, coveringmore than 420 000 km2 (13 % of EU territory).

Member States are responsible for making a scientificassessment of national conservation needs and drawing up alist of sites for protection, based on common criteria. TheEuropean Commission then selects the sites of Communityimportance in consultation with national authorities, whichmust designate them as SACs by 2004 at the latest. MemberStates have to prepare management plans or measures for the

conservation of each individual site, although the methodsthey use are up to them.

Article 6 of the Habitats Directive lays down important principleson managing the sites, and the balance between conservationand economic, social and cultural needs. The whole aim of theDirective is to promote sustainable development whileprotecting biodiversity, so Natura 2000 sites are not intendedonly to be nature reserves excluding all human activity. The EU

believes the network can coexist with economic progress,and that activities of benefit to the community

farming, hunting, tourism and many others can develop as long as they do not conflictwith conservation. Indeed, all the localplayers need to be involved in planning andmanaging sites from the earliest stage, sothat nature protection is not imposed on an

unwilling public, or regarded as a restriction

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Michael O'Briain


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or threat to peoples livelihoods. The programme is not

designed to put jobs and living standards at risk, but rather toenhance the quality of life for us all. Natura 2000 must grow inpartnership with people.

National authorities have supplied data describing everyconservation site, already amounting to more than 9 000paper maps and 220 digital data sets. With the help of theEUs Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission haslaunched a geographic information system (GIS) database,

which will eventually provide online information about everyNatura 2000 site in Europe.

The Union co-finances measures to support natureconservation, and has already paid out over EUR 250 millionas pump-priming money to help launch hundreds ofprojects in all the Member States. Environmental initiativeswill draw on support from a variety of sources, including the

Structural Funds, the Cohesion Fund, and agri-environmentalresources. The EU is also co-financing the development of theNatura 2000 network through the LIFE-Nature programme.

LIFE-Nature

The LIFE programme was set up in 1992, and hasnow entered its third phase, to run until 2004.

It is devoted entirely to developing EUenvironmental policy, and has three strands.One of them is LIFE-Nature.

Almost half of LIFE IIIs EUR 640 million budget isdedicated to nature protection. The programmenow extends to candidate countries, andincludes special funds for publicity.LIFE-Nature has already funded hundreds of

projects throughout the EU.

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V

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Counting wolves in GreeceIn 1997, the NGO Arcturos launched the first stepsto conserve wolves in Greece with the support ofLIFE-Nature. Very little information existed, andestimates put the wolf population at no more than300 animals. With EU support, the project has

been able to carry out extensive fieldwork andcanvas the views of farmers and stockbreeders.This has enabled the NGO to compile an accuratepicture that puts the current wolf population ataround 500-700. What is more, the numbers arestabilising and even increasing.

Restoring biodiversity in SwedenAlvar is the name of a type of habitat comprisinghard limestone rock covered with a thin layer ofsoil. Alvar lands are found on the islands of landand Gotland, and in parts of Sweden and Estonia,and have a highly specialised flora and fauna. TheStora Alvaret (Great Alvar) on land covers25 000 hectares and is the largest in Europe.

Since the Stone Age, alvar has depended ongrazing by animals, but in recent decades treesand shrubs began to invade the habitat. In 1996, aLIFE-backed project to protect and restore thealvar got under way. It involved clearing anderecting fences around large areas, and informinglocal farmers of the natural and cultural value of

grazing. The project is creating well-establishedgrazing lands that sustain the habitats andspecies characteristic of the area, and hassuccessfully raised local landowners awareness ofconservation.

New life for the British oakAtlantic oakwoods are found on the western coastsof Scotland, England, Wales and down to France,Spain and Portugal. In the British Isles, these oldoakwoods host an extremely rich lower plant andfern flora, and are a stronghold for migrantsongbirds.

Traditionally, local communities used these treesas a renewable supply of timber and firewood,bark for tanning leather, and as shelter forlivestock. But more recently, the planting ofconifers and invasion by alien rhododendronspecies has damaged the native biodiversity.

The Atlantic Oakwoods project set out topreserve and regenerate this habitat, as aforerunner to establishing special areas ofconservation. This has involved the challenge ofwinning over absentee private landowners, as wellas local communities, to the benefits of saving thetrees, and developing long-term localpartnerships.

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L i f e - N a t u r e p r o j e c t e x a m p l e s

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A c t i o n f o r t h e

f u t u r e

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Protecting nature and wildlife is one of the four priorities of

the newly proposed 6th EU environment action programme(2001-2010). (3)

Its objectives include:

protecting and restoring natural systems

halting the loss of biodiversity both in the EU and globally

protecting soils against erosion and pollution slowing the taking of land for infrastructure and

development

Achieving these objectives will require a range of measuresover the next 10 years. For example, Member States need aunified policy for dealing with disasters and accidents thatthreaten the natural environment, such as chemical

explosions or wrecked oil tankers. The EU is helping todevelop long-term preventive strategies and early-warningtools, together with ways to handle emergencies, for instancethrough satellite surveillance.

The Union is also aiming to develop new strategies forprotecting soils and the marine environment, and willintroduce an integrated coastal zone management (ICZM)

policy to reconcile social, economic and environmental needsin these areas (4). It will support programmes for sustainableforest management, and extend the Natura 2000 programme.

(3) Environment 2010: Our Future, Our Choice, European Commission 2001,ISBN 92-894-0261-X

(4) EU Focus on coastal zones, European Commission 2001, ISBN 92-894-1151-1

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Long-term plans for success

1. EU-wide laws to protect our natural heritage exist, andhave an important role to play, but they are not beingput into effect properly by national governments.Member States have an obligation to meet the

commitments they themselves have agreed to, andone of the Commissions priorities is to ensure thishappens. Some countries have lagged behind in drawing

up lists of Natura 2000 sites, for example. This holds upthe whole process of building the network and puttingin place a comprehensive nature protection strategy.

2. To gain the widespread and active support of EUcitizens, the aims and principles of Natura 2000 needto be better known and understood. Until now,awareness has been too limited to the world ofconservationists. If, where appropriate, Natura 2000sites are to attract tourists and boost local economies,for example, they have to be widely publicised.

3. Involving local stakeholders is a crucial aspect of anynature protection initiative, and so communicationmust be a priority. In Austria, for instance, a LIFE

project aimed at protecting brown bears setup a 74-strong advisory group involving

local authorities and stakeholders fromgroups ranging from beekeepers toschools. In the UK, a project on marinelife distributed leaflets to over 30 000boat users. And a biodiversityproject in Yyteri, Finland, organised

coverage via local newspapers, radiostations and TV.

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Michael O'Briain

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Public and private bodies, NGOs, governments andindividuals all have a role to play in saving our natural

heritage. The most important resource is peoples effort,enthusiasm and commitment.

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4. Above all, nature protection must be a partnership,

with all the players convinced that their wishes andinterests are taken into account. It cannot succeed inany other way. That is why the active support of everyEU citizen in local projects and initiatives is soimportant. Where problems arise, it is often localpeople themselves who can find solutions, and thiskind of bottom-up approach is always most effective.It entails honesty and transparency in keeping

communities informed, and building the climate oftrust so vital to success.

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Further information

Directorate-General for the Environment is thearm of the European Commission responsible formatters of environment, civil protection andradiation protection. The Environment DGproduces regular reports and other publicationscovering the full spectrum of environmentalthemes, including nature.

More information on European environmentpolicies can be found on the Environment DGswebsite on the Europa server:http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/. Thesite also includes an on-line catalogue ofpublications, many of which are free of charge,and a nature conservation homepage:http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/nature

/home.htm, including a list of the natureprotection services in the Member States.

Questions about European environmental andnature policies should be sent to:

European Commission

Environment DG Information Centre

BU9 0/11Rue de la Loi/wetstraat 200B-1049 BrusselsE-mail: [email protected]

Other useful sources of information are:

European Environment AgencyKongens Nytorv 6DK-1050 Copenhagen KFax (45) 33 36 71 99E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.eea.eu.int

WWF INTERNATIONAL

Avenue du Mont-BlancCH-1196 GlandTel (41-22) 364 91 11Website: http://www.panda.org

IUCN The World Conservation Union

Rue Mauverney 28CH-1196 Gland

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BONN CONVENTION

UNEP/CMS SecretariatUnited Nations Premises in BonnMartin-Luther-King-Strasse 8D-53175 Bonn

Tel (49 228) 815 2401 / 02Website: http://www.wcmc.org.uk/cms

BERN CONVENTION

Website: http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/cadreprincipal.htmEuropean Commission

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EU Focus on nature protection

Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities

2002 22 pp. 21 x 21 cm

ISBN 92-894-1406-5


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|ESK REPUBLIKA

VISodd. PublikaciHavelkova 22CZ-130 00 Praha 3

Tel. (420-2) 22 72 07 34Fax (420-2) 22 71 57 38URL: http://www.uvis.cz

CYPRUS

Cyprus Chamberof Commerceand IndustryPO Box 21455CY-1509 NicosiaTel. (357-2) 88 97 52Fax (357-2) 66 10 44E-mail: [email protected]

EESTI

Eesti Kaubandus-Tstuskoda(EstonianChamber ofCommerce andIndustry)Toom-Kooli 17EE-10130 TallinnTel. (372) 646 02 44Fax (372) 646 02 45E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.koda.ee

HRVATSKA

Mediatrade LtdPavla Hatza 1HR-10000 ZagrebTel. (385-1) 481 94 11

Fax (385-1) 481 94 11

MAGYARORSZG

Euro Info ServiceSzt. Istvn krt.12II emelet 1/APO Box 1039H-1137 BudapestTel. (36-1) 329 21 70Fax (36-1) 349 20 53E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.euroinfo.hu

MALTA

Miller Distributors LtdMalta International AirportPO Box 25Luqa LQA 05Tel. (356) 66 44 88Fax (356) 67 67 99E-mail: [email protected]

POLSKAArs PolonaKrakowskie Przedmiescie 7Skr. pocztowa 1001PL-00-950 WarszawaTel. (48-22) 826 12 01Fax (48-22) 826 62 40E-mail: [email protected]

ROMNIA

EuromediaStr.Dionisie Lupu nr. 65, sector 1RO-70184 BucurestiTel. (40-1) 315 44 03Fax (40-1) 312 96 46E-mail: [email protected]

SLOVAKIA

Centrum VTI SRNm. Slobody, 19SK-81223 BratislavaTel. (421-7) 54 41 83 64Fax (421-7) 54 41 83 64E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.sltk.stuba.sk

SLOVENIJA

Gospodarski VestnikDunajska cesta 5SLO-1000 LjubljanaTel. (386) 613 09 16 40Fax (386) 613 09 16 45E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.gvestnik.si

TRKIYE

Dnya Infotel AS100, Yil Mahallessi 34440TR-80050 Bagcilar-IstanbulTel. (90-212) 629 46 89Fax (90-212) 629 46 27E-mail: [email protected]

ARGENTINA

World Publications SAAv. Cordoba 1877C1120 AAA Buenos AiresTel. (54-11) 48 15 81 56Fax (54-11) 48 15 81 56E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.wpbooks.com.ar

AUSTRALIA

Hunter PublicationsPO Box 404Abbotsford, Victoria 3067Tel. (61-3) 94 17 53 61Fax (61-3) 94 19 71 54E-mail: [email protected]

BRESIL

Livraria CamesRua Bittencourt da Silva, 12 CCEP20043-900 Rio de JaneiroTel. (55-21) 262 47 76Fax (55-21) 262 47 76E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.incm.com.br

CANADA

Les ditions La Libert Inc.3020, chemin Sainte-FoySainte-Foy, Qubec G1X 3V6Tel. (1-418) 658 37 63Fax (1-800) 567 54 49E-mail: [email protected]

Renouf Publishing Co. Ltd5369 Chemin Canotek Road,Unit 1Ottawa, Ontario K1J 9J3Tel. (1-613) 745 26 65Fax (1-613) 745 76 60E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.renoufbooks.com

EGYPT

The Middle East Observer41 Sherif StreetCairoTel. (20-2) 392 69 19Fax (20-2) 393 97 32E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.meobserver.com.eg

INDIA

EBIC India3rd Floor, Y. B. Chavan CentreGen. J. Bhosale Marg.Mumbai 400 021Tel. (91-22) 282 60 64Fax (91-22) 285 45 64E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.ebicindia.com

JAPAN

PSI-JapanAsahi Sanbancho Plaza #2067-1 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-kuTokyo 102Tel. (81-3) 32 34 69 21Fax (81-3) 32 34 69 15E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.psi-japan.co.jp

MALAYSIA

EBIC MalaysiaSuite 45.02, Level 45Plaza MBf (Letter Box 45)8 Jalan Yap Kwan Seng50450 Kuala LumpurTel. (60-3) 21 62 92 98Fax (60-3) 21 62 61 98E-mail: [email protected]

MXICO

Mundi Prensa Mxico, SA de CVRo Pnuco, 141Colonia CuauhtmocMX-06500 Mxico, DFTel. (52-5) 533 56 58Fax (52-5) 514 67 99E-mail: [email protected]

PHILIPPINES

EBIC Philippines19th Floor, PS Bank TowerSen. Gil J. Puyat Ave. cor. Tindalo St.Makati City

Metro ManillaTel. (63-2) 759 66 80Fax (63-2) 759 66 90E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.eccp.com

SOUTH AFRICA

Eurochamber of Commerce in South AfricaPO Box 7817382146 SandtonTel. (27-11) 884 39 52Fax (27-11) 883 55 73E-mail: [email protected]

SOUTH KOREA

The European Union Chamber ofCommerce in Korea5th FI, The Shilla Hotel202, Jangchung-dong 2 Ga, Chung-kuSeoul 100-392Tel. (82-2) 22 53-5631/4Fax (82-2) 22 53-5635/6E-mail: [email protected]

URL: http://www.eucck.orgSRI LANKA

EBIC Sri LankaTrans Asia Hotel115 Sir ChittampalamA. Gardiner MawathaColombo 2Tel. (94-1) 074 71 50 78Fax (94-1) 44 87 79E-mail: [email protected]

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Bernan Associates4611-F Assembly DriveLanham MD 20706-4391Tel. (1-800) 274 44 47 (toll free telephone)Fax (1-800) 865 34 50 (toll free fax)E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.bernan.com

ANDERE LNDER/OTHER COUNTRIES/AUTRES PAYS

Bitte wenden Sie sich an ein Bro IhrerWahl/Please contact the sales office ofyour choice/Veuillez vous adresser aubureau de vente de votre choixOffice for Official Publications of the EuropeanCommunities2, rue MercierL-2985 LuxembourgTel. (352) 29 29-42455Fax (352) 29 29-42758E-mail: [email protected]: http://eur-op.eu.int

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