1 Natural Refrigerant Alternatives for Industrial Refrigeration E360 Forum • Chicago, IL • October 5, 2017 Andre Patenaude, C.E.T. Antonio De Lourdes Director — Food Retail, Growth Strategy Product Marketing Manager, Industrial Refrigeration Emerson Vilter Manufacturing/Emerson
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Natural Refrigerant Alternatives for Industrial Refrigeration · R-134a like GWP level 400 ... •Most common refrigerant for food and beverage production, cold storage, recreational
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1
Natural Refrigerant Alternatives
for Industrial Refrigeration
E360 Forum • Chicago, IL • October 5, 2017
Andre Patenaude, C.E.T. Antonio De LourdesDirector — Food Retail, Growth Strategy Product Marketing Manager, Industrial Refrigeration
Emerson Vilter Manufacturing/Emerson
2
Agenda
Why invest in natural refrigerants?
Ammonia applications
Key industrial refrigeration trends
CO2 system architectures
Strategies for warm ambient operation
Summary
3
Why Invest in Natural
Refrigerants?
4
Low-GWP Refrigeration?
Step 1, completed:
Thinning of the ozone layer
caused by CFCs and HCFCs
(banned)
Step 2, ongoing:
global warming damage
caused by HFCs
(phased down/usage bans)
CFC = Chlorofluorocarbon
HCFC = Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
HFC = Hydrofluorocarbons
Step 1: Elimination of ozone-depleting refrigerants (CFCs and HCFCs)
Step 2: Phase-down of global-warming refrigerants (HFCs)
Step 3: Ramp-up of CO2 commercial refrigeration equipment
Step 3, ongoing:
natural refrigerants
CO2, propane, ammonia
(ramping up)
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Global Regulations Confusing Time for End Users
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
• Slide from Tom Land, U.S. EPA, ATMOsphere America, June 17, 2016
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Alternatives for Refrigeration Applications
R-410A
like
capacity
R-404A &
R-407/22
like
R-134a
like
GWP level
400–675
< 1,500
~600
~300
HFO 1234yf
HFO 1234ze
ARM-42
R410A
R-22
R-407A
R-407C
R-407F, R-452A = XP44
ARM-35
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000
Pressure
or
R-32/HFC/HFO
Blends
R-32/HFO
Blends
HFC/HFO
BlendsR-134a
CO2
R-404A
R-507A
DR2, N12, ARC 1
R290
NH3
A1 – Non-flammable
A2L – Mildly flammable
A3 – Flammable
B2L – Toxic, mildly flam.
R-123 like
(v. low pr.)
(3,922)
R-32
R-32/HFO Blends
R-448A
R-449A
R-449B
R450A = N13
R513A = XP10
R-444B = L20
L40, DR7
ARM-20b
R-455A (HDR110)
DR3
ARM-20a
R-446A, R-447A, ARM-71a
<150
Qualitative; not to scale
R-515A
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Holistic Facility Approach Can Minimize “Unintended Consequences”
Five Ways of Improving Efficiencies in Warm Ambient Regions
• Spray nozzles
• Evaporative or adiabatic gas coolers
• Parallel compression
• Sub-cooling
• Ejectors
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Summary of Options
-40 °F
+20 °F
CO2 pumped as
volatile brine
Medium-temp CO2 direct
expansion
Low-temp
CO2 pumped as
volatile brine
Low-temp only
CO2 pumped as
volatile brine
Medium-temp only
Ammonia
compressor
Ammonia
compressor
100% ammonia system
Ammonia/CO2 cascade with MT pumped secondary
CO2 transcritical booster system
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Questions?
DISCLAIMER
Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without guarantee or warranty of any kind, expressed or
implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of carrying out its own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for
use of the information and results obtained. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that any such
use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures are indicated
herein or that other measures may not be required.