Natural lighting

DAYLIGHTING IN ARCHITECTURE

REASONS FOR DAYLIGHTING HIGH COST OF FOSSIL FUELS

FINITE LIFE OF ELECTRICITY SOURCES

IT IS THE PRACTISE OF PLACING WINDOWS AND OTHER OPENINGS SO THAT DURING THE DAY,NATURAL DAY LIGHT PROVIDES EFFECTIVE INTERNAL LIGHTING

LESS TANGIBLE ASPECTS OF DAYLIGHTING

CHANGE AND VARIETY- ENABLES TO FEEL CHANGE OF SEASONS,WEATHER AND TIME OF THE DAY.

MODELLING- DIRECTION OF LIGHT PROVIDES SHADOW PATTERNS INFORMING APPEARANCE OF OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WITH NATURAL WORLD.

ORIENTATION-ENABLES BUILDING OCCUPANTS TO ESTABLISH THEMSELVES IN RELATION TO THE OUTSIDE WORLD.

SUNLIGHT EFFECT-SUNLIGHT HAS A THERAPEUTIC EFFECT.

COLOUR-NATURAL COLOUR IS THE STANDARD BY WHICH ALL OTHER COLOURS ARE JUDGED AND NO ARTIFICIAL SOURCE CAN MATCH IT

TRANSPORT CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD, GURGAON

LOCATION: No. 69, Sector 32, Institutional Sector, Gurgaon, HaryanaARCHITECTS: A B Lall ArchitectsYEAR OF COMPLETION: 1999TOTAL BUILT-UP AREA: 2750 sq. m

CONCEPT The basic design strategy is inspired

by the traditional inward-looking Haveli plan.

The central fountain courtyard acts as an environment generator for the office spaces opening toward it. Though the fountain has been removed by the management in an attempt to save water.

The external skin is treated as a solid insulated wall with peep windows for possible cross-ventilation and higher windows for daylight.

Selection of materials and system of environmental control is prioritized in favor of sustainability and efficiency in energy consumption.

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BASIC DESIGN The building sits on a rectangular plot in an “institutional”

area. Three stories of offices and a basement surround the

central court. The basement houses building services and some work spaces too. 

The entire building plan is based on a planning grid of 1.4 m x 1.4 m which coordinates the locations for partitions as well as external windows - to permit a high degree of flexibility in layouts for offices. 

The building opens towards its entrance through a planted and shaded forecourt with a water pool

The orientation of all the interior spaces is towards the central court

EXPOSURE The Building adopts a compact rectangular form and minimum

height above ground to limit exposure. Openings on the external walls are designed for two separate

functions: small peep windows at seating height provide cross ventilation and views out; larger windows at ceiling level distribute glare-free daylight across the office floor.

 Taking the day lighting function into account the window area is minimized to 18% of the external wall area. 

Both the entrance forecourt and central court have a structural framework which would provide support for shading screens to be stretched according to seasonal demands. 

The planting scheme along the edges of the site with tall evergreen (Silver Oak) trees, provides another protective layer for the building.

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NATURAL ILLUMINATION All work spaces receive adequate daylight, maximum distance

of a workstation from the daylight source being 5 M. Working hours are generally limited to daylight hours.  The high windows on the external walls are designed to throw

daylight deep into the office space which can be controlled by venetian blinds.

The stairs have ample lighting and the arrangement of windows promote movement.

On the courtyard side, fabric screens would be stretched over the structural frame to respond to each season.

FOUNTAIN COURT Fountain court with water columns was designed to moderate

climate by gentle movement of water. But it has been replaced by a self cleaning sculpture imported

from Italy. The central courtyard helps in penetrating light inside the

building. Since all the rooms are connected to the courtyard, the whole

building is well lit during the working hours.

INSULATION The small peep-windows, allow insulation in favor of winter,

cutting out the mid-summer sun by the shade of the reveal on to the glass.

Adjustable venetian blinds in double sandwich windows to cut off insulation and allow day light.

The large glazed areas towards the central court helps in the reflection of light to all the floors.

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Hall No 18, Pragati Maidan

LOCATION: Mathura Rd, Railway Colony, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, DL 110001

ARCHITECT: RAJ REWAL ARCHITECTS

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

ELEVATION

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FIBRE SHEET SKYLIGHT COVERED WITH

GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE TO CONTROL EXECESSIVE SUNLIGHT .

MAXIMUM PART OF THE FAÇADE COVERED WITH GLAZING TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE DAY LIGHTING AVOIDING GLARE.

TINTED GLASS HAS BEEN USED TO DECREASE THE AMOUNT OF HEAT ENTERING INSIDE THE BUILDING.

PUNCTURES IN THE EXCRUDED CEILING PROVIDE PARTIAL LIGHTING AND RESTRICTS DIRECT SUNLIGHT.

INTERIOR HAS PARABOLIC GLAZING AT MAXIMUM AREAS WHICH IN TURN PLAY A GOOD LIGHT AND SHADOW ROLE AT ANY POINT IN DAY TIME .

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HALL OF NATIONS, PRAGATI MAIDAN

•LOCATION- Pragati maidan, New Delhi•ARCHITECT- Raj Rewal•AREA- 6700 SQ M

BASIC LAYOUTThe 'Hall of Nations' provides an uninterrupted exhibition area of 6,700 sq m in a 82m x 82m x 27m high truncated pyramid supported on eight points.

The design was evolved to meet the constraints of time, availability of materials and labour, but above all, to reflect symbolically and technologically, India's intermediate technology in the 25th year of its independence.

Octahedra measuring 5m from joint to joint where employed as the basic 3d unit of the space frame, which rests on 8points from the essentially square planned and allows 11m wide openings between the supports.

Free standing coffered mezzanine floors cantilevering out of cylindrical shafts provide additional exhibition area in each hall.

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The depth of the structural system was utilized as a Sun breaker.It was conceived of in terms of the traditional 'jaali', a geometrical pattern of perforation that serves to obstruct directs rays of the harsh Sun while permitting air circulation.The main pavilion of the Hall of Nations has a clear span of 78 meters and a height varying from three meters to 21 meters.An effective system of environmental control inside the building was another outcome of the 3d structure, as solid triangular panels at regular intervals provided sun screens.

TECHNIQUES USED

OPENINGSWell lit ramps and staircase encouraging people to take the stairs.Fibre used on the upper storey obtain diffused and gentle light.Tinted glass for reducing glare from the bright outdoors and reducing the amount of solar energy transmitted through the glass.

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CHANDIGARH COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

ARCHITECT:ADITYA PRAKASH AND TEAM UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF LE-CORBUSIER LOCATION: SECTOR12 , CHANDIGARHSITE AREA – 8 acres COVERED AREA – 1.2 acresAPPROACH – the college is approached by an access road loop 16’ wide .TOPOGRAPHY – site is flat terrain with a gradual slope of 1:40

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KEY ELEMENTSNORTH WINDOW• ORIENTED NORTH • GLARE FREE• DIFFUSED AND CONSTANT LIGHT• HIGH SILL LEVEL • WINDOWS ARE INCLINED AT AN

ANGLE OF 100 SO AS TO RECEIVE MAXIMUM LIGHT

SKYLIGHTSAPART FROM THE NORTH ORIENTEDTHERE ARE SKYLIGHTS PROVIDED IN THE REST OF THE BUILDING .IT ALLOWS BOTH LIGHT AND FRESHAIR TO COME INTO THE BUILDING THROUGH LOUVERS IN IT . SKYLIGHTS INCLUDED SPOUTS OR HOLES WEREPROVIDED FOR THE HEATED AIR TO DIVERT OUT .BRISE SOLIELThese are concrete sun breakers from the south sun towards the front Façade . It gives a pleasing pattern on the floor of the entrance Corridor and provides light and ventilation in the building .

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SLIT WINDOWSLong , vertical and narrow Windows used in east and West direction for minimal incoming of the west and East sunlight and Maintains ventilation .

PARASOL ROOFThese are umbrella type roof structures. Provides thecooling effect the roof .Provides are larger surface area for the north windows .

Designing and planning was done considering the sunlight Through the study of solar charts .

Adequate amount of sunlight was present in courtyard . Le Corbusier used light in restrained manner , but paid utmost attention

to their placement that defines their Interior volume . High traffic zone and noisy area , due to which screening is required

which was provided with the help of trees . It is transition of natural light , from the outside to the Inside that the

space is transformed and its character is Defined . Glass was mainly used in north oriented windows for the optimum use of

sunlight .

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