Natural Fibres and the Environment Natural Fibres and the Environment – – environmental benefits of environmental benefits of natural fibre production and use natural fibre production and use Rome, Rome, 20 10 08 20 10 08 Jan E.G van Dam Jan E.G van Dam Div Div Biobased Biobased Products Products Wageningen UR Wageningen UR
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Natural Fibres and the Environment Natural Fibres and the Environment ––
environmental benefits of environmental benefits of
natural fibre production and usenatural fibre production and use
Rome, Rome, 20 10 0820 10 08
Jan E.G van DamJan E.G van Dam
Div Div BiobasedBiobased ProductsProducts
Wageningen URWageningen UR
BioBio""basedbased economyeconomy
…….the solution for .the solution for sustainable developments sustainable developments
...?......?...
Natural Natural fibresfibres
…….the solution for .the solution for environmental environmental
•• Criteria .. Criteria .. Standards ISOStandards ISO771404014040774343–– Whole life cycle of a product including its byWhole life cycle of a product including its by77productsproducts
–– Raw material acquisition to product disposalRaw material acquisition to product disposal
•• Comparison between diverse environmental Comparison between diverse environmental impact factorsimpact factors–– Emissions and consumption of resourcesEmissions and consumption of resources
•• Cotton requires less fossil resources Cotton requires less fossil resources
(energy, fertilizer), but higher demand for water(energy, fertilizer), but higher demand for water–– Organic cotton (agrochemicals) Organic cotton (agrochemicals) vsvs GMOGMO
No dramatic differences inNo dramatic differences in
•• Textile processing (dyeing and bleaching) Textile processing (dyeing and bleaching)
•• Longer functional lifetime for blended fabricsLonger functional lifetime for blended fabrics
•• Lower energy requirement in laundering for Lower energy requirement in laundering for synthetic textiles synthetic textiles
Agrofibre reinforced composites
•• AgrofibreAgrofibre compounds for compounds for injection moulding injection moulding implementation at implementation at commercial scalecommercial scale
•• Strength of the Strength of the elementary fibre is elementary fibre is important not that of the important not that of the fibre bundlefibre bundle Injection moulded products from
natural" fibre/plastic granules
Technology for natural fibre reinforced plastics
Injection moulding
Raw materials agrofibre
PP
Granules
Extrusion
Fibre composites in automotive
• Applied as nonwoven mats combined with plastic sheets
• LCA advantage in weight reduction
Use of natural fibres in automotives
Natural fibres vs synthetic / glass fibre
•• In the production phase the score of In the production phase the score of
fibrefibre crops on COcrops on CO22 and greenhouse gas emission and greenhouse gas emission levels, fossil energy consumption and resources levels, fossil energy consumption and resources is much betteris much better
•• In composites, blended textiles or nonIn composites, blended textiles or non77wovenswovens the the impact of synthetic resins on the LCA is largeimpact of synthetic resins on the LCA is large
contributes most to the impactcontributes most to the impact
•• Weight reduction in composites in automotive Weight reduction in composites in automotive applications contributes to fuel savings applications contributes to fuel savings
•• For the same mechanical performance heavier For the same mechanical performance heavier constructive elements with natural constructive elements with natural fibrefibre is requiredis required
Cradle to Cradle Cradle to Cradle C2CC2C
•• W. McDonough M. W. McDonough M. BraungartBraungart–– Remaking the way we make thingsRemaking the way we make things
•• EcoEco77efficient / effective design of productsefficient / effective design of products
•• Reuse of waste to make new products Reuse of waste to make new products –– Waste becomes food.. Ever lasting cyclesWaste becomes food.. Ever lasting cycles
•• Ford / NIKE / Ford / NIKE / ……many companies followmany companies follow
BioBio77based economybased economy and and C2CC2C
•• Green Architecture and building Green Architecture and building
•• alternative technologies and sources for cellulose alternative technologies and sources for cellulose textile production (bamboo)textile production (bamboo)
• Common marketing strategy – Trade mark / brand retail
– Niche products (packaging / furniture) value addition
• Social development strategy– Village level involvement (housing / labour / schooling..)
Non7technical aspects of implementation plans
Financing structures and commercial developments
Clean development mechanism (CDM) and carbon trading
Common sales, common market, fair trade / ecolabeling
Socio7economic aspects – food vs fuel (biodiesel)
Political implications
Sustainability criteria
• Ecological .. Wood substitute products
to prevent deforestation
• Carbon credits / CDM
• Socio7economic – labour, income and housing
• Addressing poverty by supporting the incomes and livelihoods of commodity producers
• Fair trade and quality certification
•• The Project seems more than feasibleThe Project seems more than feasible
•• Prospects to apply for external funding are Prospects to apply for external funding are very goodvery good
•• This kind of project is exactly what is needed This kind of project is exactly what is needed as a pilot/example for other regions and as a pilot/example for other regions and countriescountries
Conclusions fibres and the environmentConclusions fibres and the environment
Ecological impact assessments are complex
and use incomparable weighing factors
The impact of primary agricultural production of fibre crops on the LCA is marginal
Restricted information available from industrial fibre production chains
Conclusions fibres and the environmentConclusions fibres and the environment
The environment has become a The environment has become a major drivermajor driver
for industries and governmentsfor industries and governments
Natural fibres are a major renewable (CONatural fibres are a major renewable (CO22 neutral) neutral) resource for bioresource for bio77based economical developmentsbased economical developments
Overall ecological performance of a crop improves when Overall ecological performance of a crop improves when residues and byresidues and by77products are better usedproducts are better used
Conclusions fibres and the environment Conclusions fibres and the environment
Certification Certification of the sustainability of of the sustainability of
the fibre production chains for biomass energy and the fibre production chains for biomass energy and products is needed products is needed
Include outsider (food Include outsider (food vsvs nonnon77food) industries food) industries involved in energy and fibre productsinvolved in energy and fibre products
Now is the moment for active participation! Now is the moment for active participation!