1 Section 4 Web Site: /www.atmo.arizona.edu/courses/fall09/nats101s4/inde find this site? http://www.atmo.arizona.edu ck courses Click NATS101 - Zeng Bookmark this site Check the website frequently for new announcements Refresh (Reload)” the page every time you visit, to make sure it displays the latest information
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Go to http://www.atmo.arizona.edu Click courses Click NATS101 - Zeng
• Bookmark this site • Check the website frequently for new announcements• “Refresh (Reload)” the page every time you visit, to make sure it displays the latest information
Q: Baseballs travel farther in higher-altitude air (Denver)Q: Baseballs travel farther in higher-altitude air (Denver) than they do in lower-altitude air: true or false? than they do in lower-altitude air: true or false?
Fig. 1-7, p. 8
Fig. 1-8, p. 9
Q: what is the percentage of O2 at the top of Mt. Everest compared with sea level? a) 13%
b) 23% c) 33% d) 43%
Layers of the AtmosphereLayers of the Atmosphere
vertical temperature profilevertical temperature profile TroposphereTroposphere lapse rate: 6.5degC/1km;lapse rate: 6.5degC/1km;
electrified regions of the atmosphereelectrified regions of the atmosphere D, E and F regionsD, E and F regions radio wavesradio waves
• When the radio was invented by G. Marconi in the When the radio was invented by G. Marconi in the early 20th century, it was not known how radio early 20th century, it was not known how radio waves traveled long distances through the waves traveled long distances through the atmosphere.atmosphere.
Fig. 1-11, p. 13
Weather and Weather and ClimateClimate
• Satellites• Radar• Radiosonde• Aircraft• Weather station
See ATMO web site
Elements of WeatherElements of Weather
air temperatureair temperature air pressureair pressure humidityhumidity cloudsclouds precipitationprecipitation visibilityvisibility windwind
• Certain weather elements, likeCertain weather elements, likeclouds, visibility and wind, areclouds, visibility and wind, areof particular interest to pilots.of particular interest to pilots.
ClimateClimate
average weatheraverage weather extremesextremes
Q: What is the difference between weather and climate?
A Satellite’s View of the A Satellite’s View of the WeatherWeather
from satellites was an from satellites was an important technological important technological development in development in meteorology. Othermeteorology. Otherimportant developments important developments include computers, internet, include computers, internet, and Doppler radar.and Doppler radar.
Storms of all SizesStorms of all Sizes
midlatitude cyclonic stormsmidlatitude cyclonic storms hurricanes and tropical stormshurricanes and tropical storms thunderstormsthunderstorms tornadoestornadoes
• Storms are very exciting, but they also play an Storms are very exciting, but they also play an important role in moving heat and moisture around important role in moving heat and moisture around throughout the atmosphere.throughout the atmosphere.
Fig. 1.17
Fig. 1.15
A Look at a Weather MapA Look at a Weather Map
wind speed and directionwind speed and direction cyclones and anticyclonescyclones and anticyclones frontsfronts
• Wind direction is defined in the opposite way asWind direction is defined in the opposite way asocean currents: a southerly current means water is ocean currents: a southerly current means water is moving moving towardstowards the south. the south.
Fig. 1-13, p. 17
Q: What is the wind direction in Chicago? a) southerly, b) northerly, c) easterly, d) westerly
Weather and Climate in Weather and Climate in our Livesour Lives
wind chill, frostbite and hypothermiawind chill, frostbite and hypothermia heat exhaustion and heat strokeheat exhaustion and heat stroke cold spells, dry spells and heat cold spells, dry spells and heat
waveswaves severe thunderstorms and flash severe thunderstorms and flash
floodsfloods• The mathematical formula for determining the windThe mathematical formula for determining the wind
chill temperature has recently been revised due to newchill temperature has recently been revised due to newexperiments.experiments.