Native americans in the colonial era

Native AmericansColonial Era relationships

Things don’t go well

Early relationships

Pocahontas story

Disney: Another view: http://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/pocahontas

Early Wars 1620-30s

Tidewater Wars-VA colonists vs. Powhatans.Bacon’s Rebellion;Powhatans placed on reservations-lost all lands.

Pequot War-MA colonists vs PequotsOther NA tribes ally vs. PequotsPequots not killed enslaved and shipped to Bermuda.

King Philip’s War 1675-76● Metacom-Leader of Wampanoags, angered by Puritan

conversions of his people● Tries to forge NA alliance of all NE tribes.● New England colonists fight back● 7 out of 8 Natives in New England were killed (6 out of

13 colonists also died)● Metacom was killed- drawn and quartered and his head

put on display outside Plymouth.● Braintree High’s mascot: “The Wamps”

Tuscarora War 1711-1715

● North Carolina colonists vs. Tuscarora● Colonists keep raiding Tuscarora for slaves● Tuscarora fight back● NC allies with another tribe to hunt and kill

Tuscarora● Tuscarora placed on a reservation

Yemassee War 1715-1717

● South Carolina colonists vs. Yemassee and Red Stick (Ochose) Creeks.

● Yemassee and Ochose had a policy of killing all white settlers they encountered.

● South Carolina militia organizes to fight back.

● Yemassee driven out, join the Seminoles in Florida.

Mid to late 1700sNative Americans mostly removed/pacified along the coast inland to the Appalachian

Mountains

We have French vs. British fighting

● Both sides have colonists, but not many● Both sides have soldiers, but not many● Both sides have Native American tribes in

“their” territories.● Native American tribes get involved as allies

on both sides○ Now why would they do that?

Three approaches to these alliances

French● Trading partners● Military alliesBritish● Savages● Useful, but not

needed

Native● Supplies of

weapons● Source of wealth● Source of captives● Way to keep

settlers from their lands

Native Americans take sides

French● Wabanaki Confederacy,

Algonquin tribes, Abenaki, Míkmaq, Mohawk, Lenape, Ojibwa, Ottawa, Shawnee, and Wyando tribes

British-Colonists● the Iroquois

Confederacy, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca, Tuscarora, Mohawk, Cayuga, Catawba and Cherokee tribes

War

● Over control of the Ohio River Valley region● 1754 Britain sends Lt. George Washington

and some soldiers to tell the French to get out. He loses.

● 1756 war is declared. Britain lures away French allies, and France retreats into Canada where it loses to the British-Colonial-Native alliance.

War

● Fighting is brutal--lots of nastiness all around● Colonists think they need to get together

about this. ● 8 colonies sent representatives to meet in

Albany to try and form some kind of union to coordinate their soldiers.○ Fail.○ But Ben Franklin makes a cool cartoon...

Aftermath

● France, Britain and Spain send representatives to negotiate the Treaty of Paris. (Notice who is not included…)

● North America is re-partitioned and France is out. Britain gains Florida and some islands and Northern Canada. Spain gets the Louisiana Territory.

French and Indian War

Aftermath cont.

● Britain has a massive debt problem○ Taxes on the colonies are going up

● Britain is a wee bit paranoid about their colonies

● Britain decides to keep lots of soldiers in North America.○ Colonists have to feed, clothe and house them

Native Americans post war

● Ohio Native Americans sign a separate treaty with Britain○ They had been hoping France would win, because

they thought it would be easier to beat France down the road.

● The treaty calls for Britain to give up Ohio and prevent settlement there.○ Britain went back on its word.