1 Native Alternatives to Ornamental Invasives in Florida Sandra B. Wilson Professor Department of Environmental Horticulture University of Florida Master Gardener Webinar Series, March 30 th , 2017 • Invasive Exotic‐ a plant that is non‐native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration and whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health (National Invasive Species Council). • Florida Native‐ species occurring within the state boundaries prior to European contact in the early sixteenth century (Florida Native Plant Society) ‐Invasive species are estimated to cost the global economy $1.4 trillion a year ‐The estimated annual costs associated with invasive plants in natural areas, agriculture and gardens of U.S. is $34.7 billion
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Native Alternatives to Ornamental Invasives in Florida
Sandra B. WilsonProfessor
Department of Environmental Horticulture
University of Florida
Master Gardener Webinar Series, March 30th, 2017
• Invasive Exotic‐ a plant that is non‐native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration and whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health (National Invasive Species Council).
• Florida Native‐ species occurring within the state boundaries prior to European contact in the early sixteenth century (Florida Native Plant Society)
‐Invasive species are estimated to cost the global economy $1.4 trillion a year
‐The estimated annual costs associated with invasive plants in natural areas, agriculture and gardens of U.S. is $34.7
billion
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Common Threads in LiteratureThe majority of plant species categorized today as invasive were deliberately introduced. 67% of FLEPPC plants were introduced as ornamentals.
By the time we recognize the severity of an invasion, it is often too late for effective control measures. Early control is 40 times less costly.
Global change will result in a world with more rather than less invasives.
Market availability, frequency, and prices correlate with invasion success.
The Problem in Florida
www.lib.utexas.edu/
• Florida ranks second among U.S. states in the degree of ecosystem devastation as a result of invasive alien species.
• Florida has the second largest ornamental industry in the U.S. Total industry sales in 2015 were estimated at $10.7 billion (Hodges et al., 2016)
Invasive Status in Florida?
FL Dept. of Ag. Consumer Services (http://www.doacs.state.fl.us)
FL Exotic Pest Plant Council (http://www.fleppc.org)
IFAS Assessment of non‐native plants in Florida’s natural areas
(https://assessment.ifas.ufl.edu/)
1)invasion status, 2)known impacts, 3)potential for expansion, 4)difficulty of management, 5)commercial value
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Research Schematics
Potential Invader
Germination Requirements
Breeding Sterility
Cultivar Evaluation
Field Analysis
Photosynthetic/ Nutrient Use Efficiency
Management and Restoration
http://irrecenvhort.ifas.ufl.edu/
Buddleja spp.
Lantana camara
Ligustrum spp.
Miscanthus sinensis
Nandina domestica
Pennisetum spp.
Ruellia simplex
Stachytarpheta spp.
SpeciesNo. Selections Evaluated
14
12
15
11
11
9
8
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https://assessment.ifas.ufl.edu/
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Ruellia simplex- invasive
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UF and IndustryTrials
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Wk 16 Citra, 2012
Native Plants
• Florida native plants represent ______% of nursery sales (Hodges et al., 2016). ____6% ___16% ___26% ___43% ___67%
• This doubled from reported native sales in 2010.
• 45.2% of retailer firms surveyed offered “Florida Friendly Plants”
• Florida has over 2,600 native species. About what percentage of them are estimated to be in cultivation? ____25% ____50%_____75%
US National Arboretum‐http://www.usna.usda.gov/Gardens/faqs/InvasivesAlternatives.html
Brooklyn Botanic Garden
New England Wildflower Soc.‐www.ipcyny.org
Explore your AlterNatives: substitution guide for the FL keys‐http://tame.ifas.ufl.edu/pdfs/publications/AlterNatives.pdf
Alternative Lists
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Invasive Native Alternative
Scaevola taccada Scaevola plumieri
Nandina domestica Ilex vomitoria
Lantana camara Lantana involucrata
Ligustrum sinense Forestiera segregata
Lonicera japonica Lonicera sempervirens
Ardisia elliptica, A. crenata Ardisia escallonioides
• Flower color• Flower time• Form (evergreen vs herbaceous)• Habit (spreading, upright, etc) • Use (privacy, foundation, etc)• Fall color• Fruit• Growing conditions (wet, shade)• Maintenance • Hardiness• Attracts butterflies, birds, or bees• Ease of propagation, fast growth rate, long flowering time, copious
fruiting, minimal care (similar qualities of invasive species)