Nationwide LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

Geosystems @ Hexagon 2011Nationwide LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages:From PNOA in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

Pedro Llorens – Stereocarto – Business development manager

Orlando 06/06/11

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Stereocarto I

Mapping company since 1964

More than 100 employees

8 companies in the group covering the whole geoinformation workflow: Capture, process and exploitation

Activities:

Aerial survey (Photo & LiDAR)

Mapping & Orthophoto

GIS & SDI

Geoinformation consulting

Project management & quality assurance

Focused in innovation

National LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

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Stereocarto II

Intergraph

3 Z)I Imaging DMC (w Applanix IMU)

ImageStation software

Leica Geosystems

2 ALS50 II (w IPAS IMU) LiDAR

1 ALS60 (w IPAS IMU) LiDAR

1 ADS40 SH52 (w IPAS IMU) sensor

1 RCD 105 medium format camera

XPro & Orima software

1 DSW700 Scanner


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INSPIRE European Union directive

Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE)

Regulates aspects like metadata, interoperability, network services, data sharing, etc.

Is based in the existing SDI of the EU members

Annex I, II and III define geospatial data:

Annex I: Coordinate reference systems, geographical grid systems, geographical names, addresses, etc.

Annex II: Elevation, land cover, orthoimagery, geology.

Annex III: Statistical units, land use, governmental services, agricultural facilities, natural risk zones, etc.


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National implementation of INSPIRE directive

Every EU state has to take transposition measures to develop the INSPIRE directive

In Spain LISIGE (Law on geographical information infrastructures and services in Spain) was approved the 5th of July 2010

INSPIRE/LISIGE make compulsory to national and regional goverments the web publication of geospatial data according to INSPIRE data specifications and metadata definitions

Spanish geographic institutes and government have supported generation and normalization of geographic data


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First orthophoto national coverages in Spain

During the 90’s there was a great development of the orthophoto generation as a result of a global cadaster update that required mapping and orthoimagery

Seven Spanish companies (Including Stereocarto) acquired analytical orthoprojection systems from Leica and Zeiss (Orthocomp)

By the end of the 90’s, the distribution of agricultural subsidies and crop control required aerial imagery of cultivated areas

OLISTAT was the main project. Ministry of Agriculture made B/W 1m GSD orthophoto of 80% of Spain (400,000 Km2) to count the number of olive trees. This boosted the shift from analytical to digital photogrammetry workstations in Spain.

Since then the European Commission has consolidated its CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) and has required updated orthoimagery of the whole Spanish territory

The Spanish Ministry of Agriculture is responsible of data


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Current projects: PNOA(National Aerial Orthophoto Program)

Spanish IGN (Instituto Geográfico Nacional) led an initiative to consolidate the production of orthophotos in Spain in the PNOA project

IGN coordinated several ministries requiring orthoimagery, mainly: Public Works (IGN), Environment, Agriculture and Finance (Cadaster)

There was a negotiation with the 19 regional governments to share the costs (national government 66% - regional governments 34%)

Strategies, specifications and quality assurance were developed and adapted to INSPIRE/LISIGE and CAP requirements

Orthophotos and DEMs are mainly used by IGN for dissemination, by M. of Agriculture for CAP, by M. of Environment for flood risk mapping and M. of Finance for Cadaster. Some regions license the orthoimagery to Google Maps


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PNOA 2004


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PNOA 2005


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PNOA 2006


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PNOA 2007


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PNOA 2008


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PNOA 2009


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PNOA 2010


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PNOA LiDAR 2009


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PNOA LiDAR 2010


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Technical requirements IMassive image capture capability

First nationwide orthophoto projects were flown with analogue cameras RC30 and RMK TOP 15.

Improvements in workflow introduced by large format digital cameras allowed higher productivities and higher update frequencies.

Improvements in radiometry and corregistration of NIR (4 band imagery) in digital cameras boosted agricultural and environmental applications.


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Technical requirements IIMassive image orientation capability

First nationwide orthophoto projects were aerotriangulated with correlation APM systems.

Ground control was one of the main costs so bundle adjustment with GPS became mandatory.

Further reductions in ground control and the need to facilitate APM has made compulsory the use of IMUs.


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Technical requirements IIIMassive DEM extraction capability

First nationwide orthophoto projects were based in correlated DEMs

The need of better quality DEMs with less edition time suggested the use of LiDAR

LiDAR had only been used in small areas like corridors, cities, river basins, etc.

LiDAR started its application in DEM extraction in huge areas


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Methodology requirements

Despite all the benefits introduced by digital cameras, IMUs, LiDAR, etc. prices went down and there was a need for lower costs

On the other hand, aerial data capture keeps being the main bottleneck and there is a need to reduce the time required and to maximize the use of the time available.

Photo-LiDAR combined flights


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Thank You!

Nationwide LiDAR & Orthophoto coverages: From PNOA in Spain to Sigtierras in Ecuador

Technology

pnoa lidar

orthophoto national

orthophoto generation

gsd orthophoto

pnoa project ign

nationwide orthophoto

national implementation

spain lisige law