Nationalism in India

Vocabulary

Colonialism- the control or governing influence of a nation

over a dependent country, territory, or people. Nationalism-

The belief that people should be loyal to those with whom they share common history, customs, origins, and sometimes language or religion. People who share these things often think of themselves as a distinct nation.

Under Colonialism

Many Indians felt as they were being treated as second-class citizens

British citizens living in India were given better jobs and education as well as positions of authority

Indians living under British rule were deprived opportunities to succeed in their own countries

Under Colonialism

British East India Company- wanted to exploit trade with East Asia,

Southeast Asia, and India Sepoy Rebellion (1857)

[Sepoy was an Indian soldier in the British army]

Large numbers of Sepoys mutinied against the British army

In 1858, the British government took direct command over India.

By 1873, the company had lost its power.

Rebellious States:

Jhajjar, Dadri, Farukhnagar and Bahadurgarh

Amjhera Shagarh Biaj

Raghogarh Singhbum Nargund Shorapur

Groups Advocating the Rights of Indians

Indian National Congress Founded in 1885 Attracted mainly Indian Hindus

Muslim League Founded in 1906 Attracted Indians who followed

Islam

Lucknow Pact (1916) Alliance between the 2 groups

Start of Nationalism

Years of contact with the British taught the Indians about the Western ideas of Democracy and Self-Government

Indians joined the British during World War I, hoping to be rewarded with more control of their government

Britain promised India they would help them work toward self-government

Leaders of Indian Independence

Mohandas K. Gandhi. believed in nonviolent

resistance as well as a full boycott on all things British (including goods, schools and universities, and courts)

Civil disobedience- breaking unfair laws using non-violence

Marches Speeches Protests Media Fasting

Rowlatt Act (1919)

Passed during WWI to control the public Effectively authorized the government to

imprison, without trial, any person suspected of terrorism

Protestors and anyone who spoke out against the government was arrested without trial for up to 2 years.

Amritsar Massacre (1919)

Peaceful gathering of men, women, and children in a garden area in Amritsar for a religious celebration

British soldiers fired on the crowd claiming they were there illegally

About 400 deaths and more than 200 wounded.

United the country against the British

Amritsar Massacre (1919)

"The incident in Jallian Wala Bagh was an extraordinary event, a monstrous event, an event which stands in singular and sinister isolation". Winston Churchill

When the British finally agreed to grant India its independence, the cooperation between the Indian Hindus and Indian Muslims began to diminish

The Muslim League called for a separate country for the Muslim minority

The British agreed it would be best to divide the country based on the concentration of Hindus and Muslims

Partition of India

Partition of India

The country was divided into 3 parts, creating two new countries: East & West

Pakistan

Indian Independence

August 15th, 1947 India gained its freedom from British

colonial rule and became an independent nation

Explain the role of Nationalism that led to India’s independence. Include the following in your summary: Role of colonialism Gandhi and Non-violence Rowlett Act Amritsar Massacre Partition of India