Nationalism 1815-1848 HWH UNIT 5 CHAPTER 8.1-8.2
Feb 23, 2016
Nationalism1815-1848HWH UNIT 5CHAPTER 8.1-8.2
Conservative vs. LiberalConservative
Monarchy Congress of
Vienna Anti-Nationalism Pro-Church Aristocracy Old Regime
Liberal Bourgeoisie Rights for the people Constitutional
government National Unity Laissez-faire
economics
The Conservative Order, 1815
Example 1: Serbia Revolted from
Ottomans starting in 1804
Aid from Mother Russia Slavic Language Eastern Orthodox
Christianity THIS WILL BE
IMPORTANT FOR WORLD WAR I
Example 2: GreeceRuled by the
Ottoman Empire since 15th Century The “Eastern Question”
1821 Revolt Alexander Ypsilanti
Supported by Britain, France, and Russia
King Otto I (a German)
Example 3: Spain and ItalyBoth had liberal uprisings in 1820;
both crushed by the Concert of Europe France intervenes in Spain Austria intervenes in Italy
NATIONALISM IS SUPRESSED (for now)
Example 4: France After Napoleon Bourbon Restoration
Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824) The Charter of 1814
Constitutional Monarchy Kept many reforms of
Napoleon Did not change land rights
Trouble in France…again. 1824: Louis XVIII dies and is replaced by
his conservative brother Charles X (r. 1824-30)
Charles X Leaned toward the old
regime Vehemently opposed the
Revolution Compensated émigrés Gave clergy control of
schools Took away voting rights
and free speech
The July Revolution (July 27-29, 1830)“Les Trois Glorieuses” Paris rises up
1800 killed Charles abdicates Louis-Philippe takes
over
Louis Philippe The July Monarchy, 1830-1848The “Citizen King”
Example 5: BelgiumDeclared independence from
the Netherlands in 1830 Was part of France; Congress of
Vienna merged it with the Netherlands
1839: the major European powers recognize BelgiumAll promise to guarantee
its neutralityTHIS WILL BE IMPORTANT
IN 1914
Example 6: Poland Tries to revolt in 1830 Crushed by Nicholas I of
Russia No other nations would
help Poland
1848: THE YEAR OF REVOLUTION
Example 7: France (again..)
“When France sneezes, Europe gets a cold.”
The “February Days” 1848
Louis-Philippe overthrown
Conflict among the Revolutionaries
Radical Socialists
Lower classLouis BlancSocial
reformNational
Workshops
Liberal RepublicansMiddle classAlphonse de
LamartinePolitical reformNO national
workshops
The “June Days”
Class warfare in Paris (June 24-26) Working class vs.
Bourgeoisie
Impact of the June Days1. Nearly 10,000 dead2. New Constitution
• The Second Republic• Universal male suffrage
3. Election of 1848 Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
Nephew of Napoleon
President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte (1848-1852)
1851: Louis-Napoleon seizes power for himself Approved by plebiscite
1852: Louis Napoleon declares himself Emperor Napoleon III (r. 1852-1870)
Revolts in Austria and Italy, 1848 Students riot in Vienna
Metternich flees Louis Kossuth leads a Hungarian revolt Italians set up independent republics ALL CRUSHED
Germany, 1848German
ConfederationAustria vs. PrussiaMore than 30 statesFrederick William IV
King of unified Germany? Nein!