National Urban Search & Rescue Response System National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Weapons of Mass Destruction Module 2: Operational Environment.

National Urban Search & Rescue Response SystemNational Urban Search & Rescue Response System

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Module 2: Module 2: Operational Operational EnvironmentEnvironment

Version 3 Mod 2-1

Enhanced OperationsEnhanced Operations

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Mod 2-2

OverviewOverview Terrorist activitiesTerrorist activities WMD that terrorists could useWMD that terrorists could use Situational AwarenessSituational Awareness

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Mod 2-3

ObjectiveObjective Upon completion of this module, Upon completion of this module,

students will be able to describe the students will be able to describe the US&R operational WMD environment US&R operational WMD environment

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Mod 2-4

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Mod 2-5

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Mod 2-6

IRS West LAIRS West LA

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Mod 2-7

COLUMBINE HIGH SCHOOLCOLUMBINE HIGH SCHOOL

AryanAryanMovementMovement

Leaderless Leaderless ResistanceResistance

NationalistNationalist

AnarchistsAnarchists

SkinheadsSkinheads

EnvironmentaEnvironmentall

Militia Militia MovementMovementRightRight-Wing -Wing

RacistRacist

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Mod 2-10

Marine Corps Barracks, BeirutMarine Corps Barracks, BeirutOct. 23, 1983Oct. 23, 1983

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Mod 2-11

Psychological EffectsPsychological Effects

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Mod 2-12

Casualty-Producing AbilitiesCasualty-Producing Abilities

SelectiveSelective

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Mod 2-13

TerrorismTerrorismIs and always has been . . . Is and always has been . . . a form of warfarea form of warfare..

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Mod 2-14

TerrorismTerrorism

Both the target and the type of weapon Both the target and the type of weapon used are chosen for a purpose.used are chosen for a purpose.

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Mod 2-15

Achieving victory in every battle is not absolute perfection; neutralizing an

adversary’s force without battle is absolute perfection.

--Sun Tzu, The Art of War

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Mod 2-16

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Mod 2-17

Terrorism - Probability versus Terrorism - Probability versus ImpactImpact

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Mod 2-18

Threat LevelsThreat Levels

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Mod 2-19

TF Members Actions (RAIN)TF Members Actions (RAIN) RecognizeRecognize

SignsSigns SymptomsSymptoms IndicatorsIndicators

AvoidAvoid IsolateIsolate NotifyNotify

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Mod 2-20

Emergency ConsiderationsThermal

Radiological

Asphyxiation

Chemical

Etiological

Mechanical

Psychological

Distance

Shielding

Time

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Mod 2-21

Biological AttackBiological Attack General information General information Protecting yourself against biological Protecting yourself against biological

agentsagents Meteorological considerationsMeteorological considerations EquipmentEquipment

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Mod 2-22

Disseminating Biological AgentsDisseminating Biological Agents IngestionIngestion

Dermal exposureDermal exposure

VectorsVectors

AerosolAerosol

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Mod 2-23

Reference Chart Reference Chart (Appendix C-9)(Appendix C-9)Agent Persistency Dissemination

Transmission (person to

person)

Incubation Lethality

Anthrax Spores remain viable in soil

for years

Spores in aerosol

No (except cutaneous)

1-5 days High

Cholera Unstable in aerosols and

water

Ingestion and aerosol

Rare 12 hours to 6 days

Low with treatment

Plague 1 year in soil; 270 days in

bodies

Aerosol High 1-3 days High if untreated

Tularemia Months in moist soil

Aerosol No 1-10 days Moderate if untreated

Q Fever Months Ingestion and aerosol

Rare 14-16 days Very low

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Mod 2-24

Reference Chart Reference Chart (Appendix C-9)(Appendix C-9)

Agent Persistency DisseminationTransmission

(person to person)


Smallpox Very stable Aerosol High 10-12 days Low

VEE Unstable Aerosol and infected vectors

Low 1-6 days Low

Ebola Unstable Contact and aerosol

Moderate 4-16 days Moderate to high

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Mod 2-25

Reference Chart Reference Chart (Appendix C-9)(Appendix C-9)

Agent Persistency DisseminationTransmission

(person to person)


Botulinum Toxin

Weeks Ingestion and aerosol

No Hours to days

High

T-2 Mycotoxins

Years Ingestion and aerosol

No 2-4 hours Moderate

Ricin Stable Ingestion and aerosol

No Hours to days

High

Staphylococal Enterotoxin B

Resistant to freezing

Ingestion and aerosol

No Hours <1%

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Mod 2-26

Nuclear/Radiological IncidentNuclear/Radiological IncidentGeneral InformationGeneral Information Radiation can be detected with metersRadiation can be detected with meters Unlikely to find high levels distant from Unlikely to find high levels distant from

the sourcethe source Not necessary to isolate large areasNot necessary to isolate large areas Victims should not be sick or Victims should not be sick or

symptomatic on the scenesymptomatic on the scene Exposure does not require immediate Exposure does not require immediate

gross decontaminationgross decontamination

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Mod 2-27

Nuclear/Radiological IncidentNuclear/Radiological IncidentTime, distance, and shielding are Time, distance, and shielding are appropriate self-protective measuresappropriate self-protective measuresEquipmentEquipment

Pancake Detector

Ludlum Response Kit RadWatch

Dosimeter

Canberra UltraRadiac

Radiation Monitor

Canberra

Inspector 1000

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Mod 2-28

Incendiary AttackIncendiary Attack Incendiary useIncendiary use ReasonsReasons Recent eventsRecent events

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Mod 2-29

Chemical AgentsChemical Agents General information General information Categories of chemical agentsCategories of chemical agents Evaluating signs/indicatorsEvaluating signs/indicators Influencing factorsInfluencing factors

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Mod 2-30

Categories of Chemical AgentsCategories of Chemical Agents

CategoriesCategories Nerve agentsNerve agents Blister agentsBlister agents Choking agentsChoking agents Blood agentsBlood agents Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs)Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs) IrritantsIrritants

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Mod 2-31

Nerve Agent Signs and SymptomsNerve Agent Signs and Symptoms HeadacheHeadache Runny nose Runny nose Salivation Salivation Pinpointing of pupils Pinpointing of pupils Difficulty in breathing Difficulty in breathing Tight chest Tight chest Seizures/convulsionsSeizures/convulsions

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Mod 2-32

Blister Agents Signs and Blister Agents Signs and SymptomsSymptoms Red burning skin and blistersRed burning skin and blisters Sore throat and dry coughSore throat and dry cough Pulmonary edema Pulmonary edema Memory lossMemory loss Coma and seizuresComa and seizures Some symptoms may be delayed from Some symptoms may be delayed from

2 - 24 hours2 - 24 hours

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Mod 2-33

Choking Agents Signs and Choking Agents Signs and SymptomsSymptoms Eye and airway irritationEye and airway irritation DizzinessDizziness Tightness in chestTightness in chest Pulmonary edema Pulmonary edema Painful cough Painful cough Nausea Nausea HeadacheHeadache

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Mod 2-34

Blood Agents Signs and SymptomsBlood Agents Signs and Symptoms Cherry red skin/lips Cherry red skin/lips Rapid breathing and dizzinessRapid breathing and dizziness Nausea, excessive salivation, and Nausea, excessive salivation, and

vomiting vomiting ConvulsionsConvulsions DDilated pupils ilated pupils Gastrointestinal hemorrhageGastrointestinal hemorrhage Pulmonary edema Pulmonary edema Respiratory arrestRespiratory arrest

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Mod 2-35

Chemical AgentsChemical Agents Influencing factorsInfluencing factors

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Mod 2-36

Chemical Detection and MonitoringChemical Detection and Monitoring Multiple devices check various agentsMultiple devices check various agents Various requirementsVarious requirements

Draeger CDS

LCD 3.3

M256A1 Kit

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Mod 2-37

Chemical Detection and MonitoringChemical Detection and Monitoring

RDK Host Controller

MultiRae Pro AreaRAE Gamma Steel

RAELink 3RAELink 2

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Mod 2-38

ExplosivesExplosives High-intensity High-intensity

blast blast Secondary Secondary

hazardshazards Potential threats Potential threats

of additional of additional devicesdevices

Conditions likely Conditions likely to effect opsto effect ops

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Mod 2-39

Why Target US&R Personnel?Why Target US&R Personnel? Search and Rescue essential serviceSearch and Rescue essential service Cause overwhelming fear in the publicCause overwhelming fear in the public Delay search and rescue effortsDelay search and rescue efforts Instill fear in other respondersInstill fear in other responders

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Mod 2-40

SummarySummary Terrorists willing to inflict harmTerrorists willing to inflict harm Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms US&R no longer exempt as targets US&R no longer exempt as targets B-NICE signs and symptomsB-NICE signs and symptoms Situational awareness - Recognition Situational awareness - Recognition

means survival means survival

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Mod 2-41

Module 2 ActivityModule 2 ActivityRecognition and Survival for Recognition and Survival for

Responses to TerrorismResponses to Terrorism

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Mod 2-42

Activity 2Activity 2

Weather ConditionsWeather Conditions It is Monday, 0945 hours. It is Monday, 0945 hours. The sky is about 75% covered with The sky is about 75% covered with

clouds. clouds. The wind is 4 mph, out of the south. The wind is 4 mph, out of the south. Humidity is 64%; temperature 74Humidity is 64%; temperature 74F; dew F; dew

point is 68point is 68F; inversion at 150 ft.F; inversion at 150 ft.

National Urban Search & Rescue Response System National Urban Search & Rescue Response System Weapons of Mass Destruction Module 2: Operational Environment.

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