National Security Through Livestock Rearing

8/13/2019 National Security Through Livestock Rearing

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SRI VENKATESWARA VETERINARY UNIVERSITYDepartment of Extension

Topic: National security through livestock rearing oat

Submitted by:P.vishnu vardhan reddyTV - 2010 - 053

Submitted to:Dr.harilall

Asst.proffcer


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National security through livestockrearing

Livestock rearing is one of old most practice inIndia which provides national security through

giving some standards to life of people in thecountry.


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Livestock can provide income, quality food,

fuel, draught power, building material andfertilizer, thus contributing to householdlivelihood, food security and nutrition.


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It mainly provides national security in3 aspects.

1) Economical security2) Food security

3) Employment security


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Over the last two decades, livestock sectorhas grown at an annual rate of 5.6 percent,which is higher than the growth ofagricultural sector (3.3 percent).


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This suggests that livestock is likely to emergeas an engine of agricultural growth in thecoming decades.

It is also considered as one of the potentialsector for export earnings.


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It provides draught power and organic manure

to crop sector and hides, skin, bones, bloodand fibers to the industrial sector.

Livestock sector supplements income from

crop production and other sources andabsorbs income shocks due to crop failure.


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It generates a continuous stream of incomeand employment and reduces seasonality inlivelihood patterns particularly of the ruralpoor.


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Several empirical studies indicate thatlivestock rearing has significant positiveimpact on equity in terms of income andemployment and poverty reduction in ruralareas as distribution of livestock is more

egalitarian compared to land. In India, over 70 percent of the rural

households own livestock and a majority of

livestock owning households are small,marginal and landless households.


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Small animals like sheep, goats, pigs and

poultry are largely kept by the land scarcepoor households for commercial purposesbecause of their low initial investment and

operational costs. The fallowing table indicates population size

of different livestock animals in India and their

growth percentage.


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Strong demand for animal-based foods andincreasingly complex processing andmarketing systems offer significantopportunities for growth and povertyreduction.

These new market opportunities andlivelihood options face rapidly changingpatterns of competition, consumer

preferences and market standards; these mayundermine the ability of smallholders toremain competitive


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2) Employment security: -

Usually Crop production consider to be themain source of employment in rural India.

Though crop production is the major source ofemployment, share of agricultural sector ingross domestic product and no of personsdepending on it has declined over time.

This decline of agricultural field is due todevelopment of livestock industry.


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The proportion of workers engaged in crop

production has declined marginally from 70.5percent in 1983 to 68.1 percent in 1999-2000.

On the other hand, share of non-crop

activities (livestock, fishing, forestry,agricultural services, etc) has been witnessinga upward trend.

Their share increased from 8 percent in 1983to 11 percent in 1999-2000.


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Below table gives a synoptic view of the

employment in livestock vis-a-vis othersectors.


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Sectoral distribution of rural workers inIndia (%)


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Most of the decline in employment in crop

activities is due to a faster increase in theemployment in livestock sector.


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Livestock sector engaged about 8.5 percent of

labour force in 1983. This however declined to4.9 percent in 1999-2000.

A disaggregated view of sectoral allocation of

labour force by sex is more revealing. Proportion of male workers engaged in

livestock production has been gradually

increasing.


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Between 1983 and 1999-2000 it increased bymore than 8 percentage points; from 64.9millions in 1983 to 70.4 millions in 1999-2000.

The proportion of female workers engaged inlivestock sector has also increased from 9.8percent in 1983 to 14.8 percent in 1999-2000.


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Next coming table is evident from below

table that as compared to males, femalesallocate more time to livestock productionactivities.


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Female labour employment as percentof total employment by sector


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3) Food security: -

The livestock sector is one of the fastest-growing segments of the agriculturaleconomy, particularly in the developing world.

As demand for meat and dairy products in thedeveloping world continues to increase,questions arise as to how this demand will be

met and by whom.


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Livestock sector provides a variety of food and

non-food products. The major livestockproducts are milk, meat, wool and eggs.

India is the largest producer of milk in theworld with an annual production of 88.1million tonnes in 2003-04.


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Parts of the sector, particularly poultry and pig

production, have followed a trend similar tothat in developed countries, where large-scaleproduction units dominate output.

The expansion of such trends across the wholelivestock sector will have major implicationsfor poverty reduction and food security.


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To date, the transformation of the livestocksector has occurred largely in the absence ofsector-specific policies; this gap needs to beaddressed to ensure that the livestock sectorcontributes to equitable and sustainabledevelopment.


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The milk production grew at a rate of 4.4percent per annum during the period of 1980-2003. Growth in total milk production,however, declined marginally from 5.3 percentduring 1980s to 4.5 percent during 1991-2003.

The growth in meat production has beenfaster as compared to milk production.


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Total meat production in the country hasincreased from 0.9 million tonnes in 1980-81to 5.9 million tonnes in 2003-04 at an annualrate of 9.3 percent.

In early 1980s small ruminants were the majorsuppliers (44%) of meat, followed by largeruminants (35%), and poultry (19%).


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The meat production structure howeverchanged drastically during 1990s;monogastrics (poultry and pigs).

Especially poultry, emerged as the mostimportant meat supplier with significant shareof 27 percent in 2003-04.


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Egg production in the country has increasedfrom 10.06 billion numbers in 1980-81 to 40.4billion numbers in 2003-04. During 1980-2003,egg production has increased at the rate of 5.8percent a year.


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THANK YOU

National Security Through Livestock Rearing

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