National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) Electric Cooperatives Over 900 co-ops 42 million in 47 states 75 percent of land area 83 percent.

National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA) Electric

Cooperatives

Over 900 co-ops 42 million in 47 states 75 percent of land area 83 percent of counties fully or

partially served 42 percent of nation’s

distribution lines 7 customers/line mile 50% Suburban and 25% micro

urban Largest aggregation of coal

power plants

Soyland

Central Elec

NEMO

Wabash

Central Iowa

SIPC

Brazos

Western Farmers

Rayburn

KAMO

NE Texas

KEPCO

SunflowerTri-State

N.W. Elec

Deseret

Arkansas

Sam Rayburn

Tex-La

South Texas

South Miss

Big RiversM & A

AEPC

Alabama

Nebraska Electric

East River

Rushmore

East Kentucky

Wolverine

Buckeye

L&O

Dairyland

NWIowa

Corn Belt

Basin

Central Power

PNGC

North Carolina EMC

Saluda River

Old Dominion

Central Electric

Oglethorpe

Great River

Upper Missouri

Western MT Central MT

Southern MT

Golden Spread

Allegheny

San Miguel Seminole

Hoosier

Sho-Me

Minnkota

G&T Cooperative Service Area - 2006

AssociatedBasinSan MiguelSouthern Montana

G&T CooperativesThe Largest Domestic Coal Based System

Arkansas ECRFP for upto 500 MWEast KY

Spurlock 4278 MW

IntermountainDelta Montrose

Comanche3190 MW

Tri-StateHolcomb650 MW

Tri-StateHolcomb650 MW

Tri-State Springerville

200 MW

Seminole750 MW

CIPCO/Corn BltCouncil Bluffs4

East KYSmith1278 MW

Wolverine& Soyland

Prairie Energy200 MW

GREBig Stone II

131 MW

SMEPA &East TexasBig Cajun 4

GRE Spiritwood

Associated Norborne660 MW

SouthernMontana

Highwood250 MW

NCEMC600 MW

Young 3500 MW

Minnkota&

Basin

BasinYankton600 MW

BasinDry Fork, WY

385 MW

Hugo 2

Brazos500 MW

&WesternFarmers250 MW

SouthTexas EC250 MW

NE TexasHempst 85 MW

Golden Spread& Sunflower

Holcomb East400 MW

ODECVA City180 MW

DairylandWeston 4159 MW

WolverineClean Coal

250 MW

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

27 Co-op Coal ProjectsMW

On-line (1; 200 MW)

Under Construction (6; 830 MW)

Planned (15; 5,879 MW)

Exploratory (5; 2,450 MW)KEPCO Iatan

E TX Plum Point

Project Status (# plants; MW)

New Capacity of 9,360 MW over 10 years

Year Expected On-Line

Co-op Principal Mission

Keeping electricity reliable and the rates affordable

Co-op Business RealitiesInnovation—a result of unique circumstances Small utilities with limited staffs Sparse service territories Not for profit Consumer-owned & consumer-governed Overwhelmingly residential and farms Profound impact of 1978 Federal Fuel Use Act Household incomes below national average Federally set construction standards,

technical specifications, augmentedby industry best practices

NRECA Cooperative Research Network (CRN) Demonstration Projects Goal of NRECA CRN “reliable electric service

at an affordable cost”

Co-ops and Smart Grid Investment Grants

More than 50 Electric Cooperatives and Public Power Districts in 16 States

Awarded Over $215M

AR, AZ, FL, GA, KS, KY, MS, NE,

NH, OR, PA, SD,TX, VA, VT,WY

CRN-Coordinated NRECA/DOESmart Grid Demonstration Grant

22 co-ops in 10 states—$68M projectSelected by DOE for $34M grantInstall and study range of technologiesProject team includes:

–SAIC, Cigital

–Power Systems Engineering, ICF

–Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

–EPRI and Industry

NRECA Energy Storage Demo ProjectWhy the choice of the Premium Power Corporation Zinc

Bromide Battery? Lifetime of more than 10,000 cycles of deep charge and

discharge Lowest cost battery of all the advanced options based on

CRN due diligence report Potentially very low environmental impacts PPC ZnBr is UL, FCC, and NFPA certified PPC has recently completed the production of its first

TransFlow 2050-5 (500 kW, 2.8 MWh, 5.6 hours) PPC has production capacity to meet the needs of the

participating co-ops in this proposal. The PPC ZnBr batteries are made in the U.S. PPC is well capitalized. PPC ZnBr has the potential for fast frequency regulation and

nearly unlimited cycle life.

ZnBr Battery AttributesPremium Power Corporation & ZBB

Attribute Rating

1. Capital cost Excellent - $250/kW-hr

3. Round trip efficiency Fair–70% to 75%

4. Lifetime in Cycle Life Excellent (>>10,000 cycles)

5. Maintenance Good-pumpsHas an on-line monitoring system

6. Minimal EH&S issues Excellent

2. Volumetric Energy Density (Wh/l)

Excellent (250 to 350)

7. Energy density (Wh/kg)

Fair (75 to 85)

8. Risk Good TF-2050 is being built and shipped

Premium Power Corporation TransFlow 2050-7Zinc Bromide battery on a trailer 500 kW, 7.4 hours and

3.8 MW-Hr & $1.055 million

NRECA Energy Storage Demo Project

Planned Installation Sequence

First-Kotzebue Electric Association, Alaska 0.5 MW / 7.4 hours/3.7 MWh to time shift wind and provide frequency regulation

Second-Kauai Island Utility Cooperative, Kauai PMRF, 1.0 MW /7.4 hours/7.4 MWh to time shift solar, provide frequency regulation, and for backup power to PMRF during islanding

Possibly-Seminole Electric Cooperative, Inc., Florida1.0 MW / 5.6 hours/5.6 MWh to time shift solar.

Biomass Co-Firing with Coal

Technical and Economic aspects of Biomass

Cofiring and Supply with an Assessment of All G&T

fossil plants

Identification with Alliance with INL the Utilization of CO2 from Fossil by Conversion to Syngas, Liquid Fuels, and/or Chemical

with High Temperature Co-Electrolysis High Temperature Co- Electrolysis (HTCE) Generates

“Green” H2, O2, CO– Efficient Operations @ Temperatures > 600 °C– Power to Operate from Nuclear/Renewable Energy Sources

HTCE Minimizes Carbon Emissions:– Manages carbon emissions through conversion to liquid fuels– Starting point for commercial synthetic chemical products

Operation:

HT Steam & CO2 Recycled CO2 from combustion

process O2 produced at Electrode 1 (with

use for IGCC or OxyCombustion) H2 & CO (Syngas) produced at

Electrode 2 for conversion to liquid fuel and/or chemicals

Completed Short-Term Solutions to Transmission Congestion

Priority of Fixing Transmission Congestion:

Implement transmission optimization software in operational planning

Examine and implement dynamic rating of lines

Improve EMS (or install EMS if not in place)

Install Advanced Conductors and upgrade transformers

Install distributed dynamic flow control devices

Install FACTS devices

Impact Comparison of OH vs UG Lines

VisibilityEnvironmental

– Wetlands, water, threatened and endangered species habitat, cultural resources

Land use– Agriculture,

airports, roads

EMF

Economic Analysis of Overhead and Underground Transmission Lines Using the Tangible and

Intangible Cost Components

Used to support decisions to build overhead (OH) transmission lines versus underground (UG) transmissions lines

Detailed manual of design, construction, and operation of OH versus UG lines

Spreadsheet with detailed economic evaluation of overhead and underground transmission lines including tangible and intangible cost components

CRN Project to Evaluate Real Time Reliability (Optimization) Software with HOST EKPC

After Optimization

Before Optimization

Improves reliability and increases available transfer capacity (by 2 X or 3 X) by applying a minimum number of mitigation measures based on a user-defined priority schedule which may include:

MW Dispatch

MVAr Dispatch

Capacitor and Reactor Switching

Transformer Tap Change

Line Switching (In and Out)

Optimal Capacitor, Reactor, or FACTS

Placement and size

Phase Shifter settings

Load Curtailment

Defined Operating Procedures

Switching Not Affected Lines

Using Optimization Software with 3D GUI to Increase the Size of the Operating Region in an Operating

Environment at EKPC

results prior to using Optimization

results after using Optimizationn (ATC increased from 1400 MW to 3400 MW)

CRN Project to Evaluate Voltage Stabilizing Technologies at Tri-State and Basin Electric

Provided Evaluation of Existing Options for Voltage mitigation and Stabilization (Capacitors, SVCs, FACTs devices)

Provide Evaluation of Future Options for Voltage Stabilization (SuperVAR, CNT, TACC, etc.)

Used Ultra Fast Transmission System Optimization Software To Determine the Optimum Option for Voltage Stabilization for long distance transport of power to TriState G&T

FACTS device (AEP UPFC)

SuperVAR-High Temperature Super Conducting Synchronous Condenser

Completing and Commercializing “Smart Wires” Power Flow Control

Device

Defer building of new lines Massive redundancy Zero footprint solution Mass produced modules Easy and rapid installation Control power flow along contract

path Maintenance with existing workforce Reduced time to deploy and overall

cost

Zenergy Power is Commercializing a “Smart Wire” Distributed Series Reactor (DSR) licensed by GATECH NEETRAC to be clamped onto a transmission line to accomplish:

Renewable and Distributed Energy (RDE)

Research focus area launched in 2009

CRN has strong history in fuel cells, microturbines, wind power, etc

Renewable Power Technology Guide

One-stop resource for utility-focused information

Important questions to ask

Cost-benefit calculator

Renewable Energy and DG (REDG)

Renewable Energy

Assessment Guide

Distributed Generation Resource Guide

Guide to DG technologies

Policy issues, interconnection, technical standards

Biopower Toolkit: Analyze Economics

Calculate feasibility of biopower projects

Fact sheets Project proposal

guide

RDE

Animal Waste to Power

(estimate of power potential and impact)

Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles

Converting four co-op owned hybrids and test as co-op fleet vehicles in OR, GA, MO and ND

Collaboration through CEATI with Manitoba Hydro