National perspective to reduce nutrient emissions from the ...awsassets.panda.org/downloads/gabbs_presentation_busse___schul… · 13.11.2015 National perspective on the production

For our Environment

National perspective to reduce nutrient

emissions from the production and

consumption of agricultural goods into the

Baltic Sea

A Greener Agriculture for a Bluer Baltic Sea 5-6 November 2015

Dr. Dietrich Schulz Federal Environment Agency, Germany

Introduction

• Agriculture is one of the main sources of nutrient inputs into the Baltic

Sea.

• The Baltic Sea Action Plan was published in 2007.

• Country allocated reduction targets (CARTs) were revised in 2013.

Carts (in tons p.a.) for total N and P emissions into the Baltic Sea

A Greener Agriculture for a Bluer Baltic Sea

13.11.2015 National perspective to reduce nutrient emissions from the production and consumption … 2

Nitrogen Phosphorus

Denmark 2,890 38

Estonia 1,800 320

Finland 2,430 +600* 330 +26*

Germany 7,170 +500* 110 +60*

Latvia 1,670 220

Lithuania 8,970 1,470

Poland1 43,610 7,480

Russia 10,380* 3,790*

Sweden 9,240 530

Reduction trends


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Baltic Sea

Sub-basin

Maximum

Allowable Inputs

In tonnes

Reference inputs

1997-2003

In tonnes

Needed

reductions

In tonnes

Average norm. N

and P input 2010-

2012 in tonnes

Remaining

reduction reaching

MAI in tonnes

TN TP TN TP TN TP TN TP TN TP

Kattegat 74,000 1,687 78,761 1,687 4,761 0 63,685 1,546 0 0

Danish

Straits

65,998 1,601 65,998 1,601 0 0 53,545 1,514 0 0

Baltic

Proper

325,000 7,360 423,921 18,320 98,921 10,960 370,012 14,651 45,012 7,291

Bothnian

Sea

79,372 2,773 79,372 2,773 0 0 72,846 2,527 0 0

Bothnian

Bay

57,622 2,675 57,622 2,675 0 0 56,962 2,824 0 149

Gulf of

Riga

88,417 2,020 88,417 2,328 0 308 91,257 2,341 2,840 321

Gulf of

Finland

101,800 3,600 116,252 7,509 14,452 3,909 116,568 6,478 14,768 2,878

Baltic Sea 792,209 21,716 910,344 36,894 118,134 15,178 824,875 31,883 62,621 10,64

Maximum allowable annual inputs of N and P per sub-basin and needed reduction

Nitrogen input into surface waters (Germany and Odra Basin)


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Nitrogen input into surface water bodies 1983 - 1987

Nitrogen input into surface water bodies 2003-2006

Phosphorus Inputs into surface water bodies

• PLC 5.5 report shows further decreases of nutrient inputs in a number of

sub-basins


13.11.2015 National perspective to reduce nutrient emissions from the production and consumption… 5

Phosphorus input into surface water bodies 2003 - 2006

Phosphorus input into surface water bodies 1983 – 1987

Current status of BSAP


13.11.2015 National perspective on the production and consumption of agricultural goods 6

• Generally spoken: Indicators show that we are on a good way.

• This should give us motivation to continue and possibly increase our

efforts.

• Legislative tools to reduce nutrient emissions from agriculture to the

environment are in the process of sharpening in Germany.

• Details are still not yet fixed, but there are some clear tendencies relevant

also for the Baltic Sea:

1. Ordinance on fertilizer application (Düngeverordnung)

2. Ordinance on installations for substances hazardous to water (AwSV)

3. Clean Air legislation

Ordinance on fertilizer application (Düngeverordnung)



• Farmers are obliged to do nutrient bookkeeping, calculate balances ex

post and document their fertilizer planning ex ante.

• Tolerable nitrogen surplus will be lowered to 50 kg/ha (surface balance),

tolerable phosphate (P2O5) surplus to 10 kg/ha.

• Incorporation of manure into arable land within 4 hours.

• Fertilizer application after harvest only allowed if winter crops or

intercrops (catch crops) are cultivated.

• Regulations should enter into force in January.

Ordinance on installations for substances hazardous to water (AwSV)



• Ordinance covers all installations where substances with negative

impacts on water quality are stored and handled.

• In the draft version storage tanks for slurry and manure are included as

well as silage installations.

• When ordinance is set into force:

• New manure tanks among others must have a leakage monitoring

system.

• Old manure tanks have to pass a test for tightness within 12 years.

• Solid manure will have to be stored in appropriate devices to avoid

nutrient leaching from slurry.

Clean Air Legislation



• About 1/3 of the nitrogen load of the Baltic Sea enters via long range air transport and

wet and dry deposition.

• Our current ammonia emissions exceed the tolerable national emission ceiling of 550

kt p.a.

• Additional measures have to be taken to reduce ammonia emissions and come in line

with the NEC-Directive.

• Incorporation of manure during 4 hours and obligatory air purification for intensive

livestock farms under the IED-Directive will be introduced.

• Air purification for large pig and poultry farms will be defined as best available

technology and become obligatory within our clean air legislation (TA Luft)

• Cattle farms are not yet included under the sectors covered by the IED-Directive, but

EU-COM will examine the need and possibilities.

• Annex III Part 2 of HELCOM Convention recommends BAT and BEP also for cattle

installations with 600 and more places.

Sustainable Consumption aspects



1. Extend ecological farming

• No application of mineral fertilizers (and plant protection products)

• Number of animals must be in a sound relation to the area available

for solid manure uptake

• Supported by second pillar schemes

• Directed to water protection areas to safeguard groundwater quality

in some cases.

• Currently ecofarming covers a 6-7 % share of our agriculturally used

area (in Germany).

• Ecofarming can provide valuable contributions to solve

eutrophication problems of the Baltic Sea and therefore should

consequently be encouraged and gradually extended by appropriate

instruments.




2. Reduce food waste:

• Considerable losses of agricultural products along the entire value-

added chain.

• 1/3 of food produced globally is not used for human or livestock

consumption (FAO)

• Studies revealed that in Germany up to about 11 Mio. tons of food

per year are just thrown away and up to 50% of all food waste is

considered to be avoidable.




3. Sharpen and implement political instruments:

• Consistent and efficient control by public institutions in all fields

relevant for environmental protection.

• Private entrepreneurship should use available data in a better way

than now.

• Improvements of data availability and data transfer can also be a

valuable tool to minimize bureaucracy for farmers.

Conclusions

Fight eutrophication of the Baltic Sea and reach the targets set in the

Baltic Sea Action Plan !!

• Concentrations of nutrients close to natural levels,

• Clear water,

• Natural level of algal blooms,

• Natural distribution and occurrence of plants and animals and

• Natural oxygen levels.

To meet these objectives a better control and more efficient use of

nutrients are required.

Instruments and their improvements is a permanent challenge. Farmers

can play an important role,

Baltic Farmers of the Year are the lighthouse examples!!



13.11.2015 / Hier steht der Veranstaltungstitel in 12 Punkt 14

Thank you for your attention Dr. Dietrich Schulz

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

National perspective to reduce nutrient emissions from the ...awsassets.panda.org/downloads/gabbs_presentation_busse___schul… · 13.11.2015 National perspective on the production

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