National Nonpoint Source Monitoring Program (NNPSMP) Long-Term Monitoring Projects to Document Water Quality Improvements from BMPs Jean Spooner, Dan Line, Laura Szpir, Deanna Osmond, NCSU Don Meals and Steve Dressing, Tetra Tech, Inc In cooperation with NNPSMP Project Personnel Nationwide U.S. EPA
26
Embed
National Nonpoint Source Monitoring Program (NNPSMP) · 2020-03-26 · National Nonpoint Source Monitoring Program (NNPSMP) Long-Term Monitoring Projects to Document Water Quality
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
National Nonpoint Source Monitoring Program (NNPSMP)
Long-Term Monitoring Projects to Document Water Quality Improvements from BMPs
Jean Spooner, Dan Line, Laura Szpir, Deanna Osmond, NCSU
Don Meals and Steve Dressing, Tetra Tech, Inc
In cooperation with
NNPSMP Project Personnel Nationwide
U.S. EPA
28 projects in U.S. (24 completed monitoring)
“Long-term”
BMPs, land use tracking, and water quality monitoring
USEPA Section 319 National Nonpoint Source Monitoring Program (NNPSMP)
Contrast:Stream NO3-N increased rapidly after CRP lands converted back to cropland
in control watershed
3. Nutrient Management & Nutrient Mass Balance Concept: Source reduction = key to water quality improvements Nutrient inputs ‘balance’ outputs E.g., Precision Feeding & Nutrient management
NNPSMP Projects (examples): Lightwood Knot Creek, AL (cover, poultry litter storage/waste utilization) Syn Magill, IA (animal waste management systems) Peacheater Creek, OK (fertilizer rates based on soil testing) Otter Creek, WI (nutrient & pesticide management)
New York City Watershed, NY (precision feeding, nutrient management)
Project Findings: All document significant reductions in nutrients (N, P), most 50%; up to 75% All had nutrient management or mass balance as part of a SYSTEM of BMPs Providing insights to states in applying USDA national standard for manure application rates in high P-index fields
Precision Feeding Reduce P imports to farm in purchased feed Feed & home-grown forages analyzed for
nutritional content & diets adjusted Dietary input of P reduced 25% Excretion of P reduced 33%
Manure storage & spreading - timing Manure application based on soil test (P) – rates Other BMPs in Whole Farm Planning
Livestock exclusion & alternative water supply Relocated stream channel away from barn Elevated stream crossings Rotational grazing & crop rotations
State Program: Monitoring guidance for CWMTF funding: storm composites for load calculations BMP effectiveness of fencing (low cost) and increased awareness CREP and Tar PAM NEP using effectiveness (Discussions on-going) target small streams/headwaters TMDL (pathogen)
Decrease flashy / high values
5. Stream & Riparian Restoration
Concept: Channel modification (dimension, pattern, profile) Revegetate & stabilize streambanks Habitat improvement Moderated water temperatures Channel pool and riffle creation
NNPSMP Projects (Examples): Peacheater Creek, OK Waukegan River, IL Lake Pittsfield, IL (in addition to sediment basins) Stroud Preserve, PA Upper Grande Ronde River Basin, OR Swatara Creek, PA
Section 319 NNPSMP Project
Stroud Preserve, PAWater Quality Problem:Elevated nutrients (particularly nitrate) in
Brandywine River
BMPS (Paired Watershed Design) Treatment watershed: 3-zone riparian buffer, agriculture corn/soybean/hay Control watershed: agriculture corn/soybean/hay (limited stream buffer) Control watershed: agricultural watershed converted to forest 5 year ‘baseline/calibration’ period for tree establishment
Water Quality Changes (riparian buffer installed 1992)Mass Balance at riparian buffer transects (5-10 years to detect):
pools, cool water habitat Improved number of trout
Recommendations Livestock exclusion alone is not
enough to recover sensitive aquatic life if stream channel & habitat remain degraded
Pool habitat provided critical temperature refuge
Section 319 NNPSMP Project
Swatara Creek, PAUse Impairment:Cold Water streams (boating, fishing, swimming)Acidity and sulfates/metals toxicity AMD (Abandoned Mine Drainage) from
abandon coal mines
BMPS (limestone and wetlands for acidity and metals; treat acid rain)
Open limestone cannels, anoxic and oxic limestone drains Diversion wells (innovative passive treatment systems), need 1 Ton WEEKLYAerobic wetlands
Water Quality Changes:At Ravine Site (immediate downstream of mine):
pH: annual minimum values increased to near neutral Fish: Non-existent in 1990 to 25 species in 1996-2006) Macroinvertebrate: fair (1994) to very good (1999 and 2000) Using data to modify BMPS and their maintenance
Swatara Creek, PAAcid Mine Drainage Treatment by Diversion Wells
Flow Adjusted changeUpstream diversion wells
Downstream treatment diversion wells
Swatara Creek downstream many BMPs and tributaries
Section 319 NNPSMP Projects
6. Low Impact Development (LID) / Better Site Design
Concept: Innovative site design & stormwater management to reduce environmental
impacts Decreases development impact from large ‘footprint’ to smaller footprint Mimic pre-development hydrology (water quality, quantity, hydrograph shape
baseflow) Manages stormwater close to the source (e.g., where it falls) Using on-site vegetation & soils for water quality & quantity treatment Minimize clearing & grading, working with existing topography and native vegetation
NMP Projects: Villanova Stormwater BMP Demo & Research Park, PA
Long-term monitoring of individual stormwater BMPs (inflow / outflow
Jordon Cove, CT First LID project in nation to evaluate with a paired watershed design
BMP Subdivision Construction BMPs Basement excavations Phased grading Immediate seeding of stockpiled
topsoil & proposed lawn areas Sediment detention basins & swales
LID Design Cluster design with shared open space Minimization of impervious surfaces
Jordan Cove, CTLow Impact Development (LID) /Better Site Design
Traditional Subdivision
BMP Watershed
-100 -50 0 50 100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
Zn
Pb
Cu
TSS
TP
TKN
NO3+NO2-N
Qp
Stormflow
% Change in Export
Post-construction – flow & export
LID goal
Traditional Watershed
-100
4900
9900
1490
019
900
2490
029
900
3490
039
900
4490
049
900
5490
059
900
6490
069
900
7490
079
900
8490
089
900
9490
099
900
1049
001 0
9900
Zn
Pb
Cu
TSS
TP
TKN
NH3-N
NO3+NO2-N
Qp
Stormflow
% Change in Export
Resources Developed by Tetra Tech, Inc. for USEPA LESSONS LEARNED from Section 319 National Monitoring Program ProjectsNMP Erosion Control Lessons LearnedNMP Grazing Management / Riparian Restoration Lessons LearnedNMP Animal Waste Management / Nutrient Management Lessons LearnedNMP Restoration Lessons LearnedNMP Urban Lessons Learned
TECH NOTESExploring Your DataDesigning Water Quality Monitoring ProgramsSurface Water Flow MeasurementsStatistical Analysis for Monotonic TrendsMinimal Detectable Change (MDC) (in review)Getting the Most from Volunteer Monitoring (NWQEP NOTES #127)Surface Water Flow Measurements (NWQEP NOTES #128)Lag Time in Water Quality Response to Land Treatment (NWQEP NOTES # 122)
http://ncsu.edu/waterquality/319monitoring
Section 319 NNPSMP Projects
Lessons Learned
Morro Bay Watershed Model, 4-H
Link water quality monitoring with land treatment tracking (spatial, temporal)
Determine the minimal detectable change (MDC) in water quality that can be detected with statistical and monitoring designs
Identify pollutants and sources – are treatments enough to achieve MDC?