National Innovation System National Innovation System Complexity, driving force, and efficiency Complexity, driving force, and efficiency Jinghai LI Chinese Academy of Sciences AAAS-CAST Workshop on Ethics Education in Science April 27, 2009, San Diego
Jan 03, 2016
National Innovation SystemNational Innovation SystemComplexity, driving force, and efficiencyComplexity, driving force, and efficiency
National Innovation SystemNational Innovation SystemComplexity, driving force, and efficiencyComplexity, driving force, and efficiency
Jinghai LIChinese Academy of Sciences
AAAS-CAST Workshop on Ethics Education in ScienceApril 27, 2009, San Diego
2
National Innovation systemNational Innovation system--- complixity--- complixity
3
National Innovation System(NIS):National Innovation System(NIS):
Knowledge Technology ProfitProductService
Tax revenue
Society
Economy
INDUSTRY MARKETS&T COMMUNITY
GOVERNMENT
Industrial R&D
transfer mar
ketin
g
evaluation
4
Common Pattern of NIS
Knowledge SocietyProfit
feedback
Complex SystemDriving forces
Fluxes
Environment
S&T community
Industry
Market
Government
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Complexity of ethics in science
Complicated interactions
Diversity of activities
Mulitplicity of dominantsGlobal issue
Global solution
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This workshop
Spirit
Moral
Responsibility
Honesty & credibility
Trust and questioning
Mutual respect
Openness
Quest of truth
Respect of innovation
Use of rigorous method
Universal principle
Social
Ethical
Legal
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National Innovation systemNational Innovation system--- driving forces--- driving forces
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Driving forces
Physical
Spiritual
Legal
Spirit
Moral
Motivation
Investment
Demand
Talents
Economy
Society
Humankind
Policy
Laws
Regulations
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Economy
Society
Humankind
Science&
Technology
Development
Reputation
Responsibility
Indifference to scientific spirit
Vocationalization
Positive
Negative
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National Innovation systemNational Innovation system--- efficiency--- efficiency
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1919 Proposals
η1·η2·η3 ·η4 =0.6%
193 no output, 52%
η2 Scientific community
176Products
Techniques
η1 Sponsors
1550 rejected, 81%
369Projects
124 not used,70%η3 Industry
52Market
24/17, failure
η4 Market
11 Successes
Efficiencies of NIS:Efficiencies of NIS:
Modified from Arthur Ruf
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Knowledge Technique ProfitProductService
Tax revenue
National Innovation System:National Innovation System:
Society
Economy
INDUSTRY MARKETS&T COMMUNITY
GOVERNMENT
Industrial R&D
transfer
mar
ketin
gevaluation
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Research
×
×
InnovationCapabilityProposal
Project
Research
Achievement
Product
Market
×Competition
Success
Enterprise
Market
Government
Evaluation
Total Efficiency
×
×
PrimaryEfficiency
SecondaryEfficiency×
Marketing
Transfer
=
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Innovation capability --Innovation capability --Who is responsible ?
Industry
GovernmentInvestment
Mechanism
Scientific communityMotivation
Efficiency
Market
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National Innovation systemNational Innovation system--- responsibility resolution--- responsibility resolution
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Scientific CommunityScientific Community
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1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
DNAElementary particleBig BangContinental drift modelVon Neumann model
MICRO: QuantumMEGA: Relativity
Complex systems
Evolution of Science
Two extremum Meso-scale Spectrum of scales
Dependence betweenScales
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1.1. Whether or not the current knowledge Whether or not the current knowledge organization matchorganization match
2. How to optimize R&D in a specific 2. How to optimize R&D in a specific field, such as energy ?field, such as energy ?
Technology development ?
Economy/society needs ?
Potential !!
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Mo
lecu
les
Clu
ster
s
Nan
o-s
tru
ctu
re
Par
ticl
es
Rea
cto
rs
Fac
tory
Ato
ms
Meg
a-C
ity
Info
rmatio
n
Scientific Facilities
Energy
Resources
& Marine
SciencesEcology & Environment
Industrial BioTechnology
Sustainable
Agriculture
Mate
rials
Human
Hea
lth &
Med
icine
Interdisciplinary
Frontiers Space Sciences
Time
Space
Basic LawsMathematics
System Science
Multi-Scale
Re-mapping the spectrum of Knowledge &Technology
Astro- Sciences
Atom
Molecular
Nano-
Process
Earth, Space & Oceanic Sciences
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En
erg
y In
no
vati
on
Sys
tem
Solar
Fuel cell
IndustryBuildingTrafficLiving
MaterialMachineryElectricitySystem
Production
MaterialProcessSystem
Coal, Oil, Gas
EnergySaving
Renewable
Hydrogen,Fuel cellNew energy
CombustionGasificationLiquefaction
Ken. Mech.Mech. Elec.
BiomassHeat, ElectricityHydrogen
Biomass
WindWater
MaterialCatalystSystem
Coal-based
Nuclear energy
Conversion
Solar-based
Fission
Fusion (ITER, IFE)
Fuel
Reactor
Extract
Waste
Operating
Equipment
Hydrate
Gasification/
Catalysis
Synthesis
Separation
Machinery
Heat Mech.
Mech. Elec.
Kin. Mech.
Material
System
MassChem.
Heat
Process
Material
Machinery
BioTech
System
Sc
ien
tifi
c
Pro
ble
m
Product featured S & T featured
Co
mm
on
Te
ch
no
log
ies
Mapping the Energy Science & Technology
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En
erg
y S
yste
mFossil
Energy Saving
Renewable Energy
New energy
Nuclear energy
Gasification/Catalysis
Synthesis
Separation
Machinery
Heat Mech.
Mech. Elec.
Kin. Mech.
Material
System
MassChem.
Heat
Process
Material
Machinery
BioTech
System
Sc
ien
tifi
c
Pro
ble
m
Solution-Oriented S&T-Oriented
Co
mm
on
Te
ch
no
log
ies
Program Project Fundamental Research
Funding Mechanisms:
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Nuclear
Wind
Biomass
Solar
Fossil
Saving
Bio-
Materia
ls
Manufactu
re
Process
System
atic
Integrating Resources:
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Re-construct knowledge system
Match between Research, Nature & Society
Stick to the scientific spirit
In addition to asking for investment
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GovernmentGovernment
In addition to investment, what is critical?
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Motivation Driving forcePrinciple:
Knowledge Technique ProfitProductService
Tax revenue
Society
Economy
INDUSTRY MARKETS&T COMMUNITY
GOVERNMENT
Industrial R&D
transfer
mar
ketin
g
evaluation
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ConclusionsConclusions
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Dominants
Driving Forces
Fluxes ?
Environment
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Complexity in NIS
Complex systemInvestment
Flux=k* Driving forces
Flux=f (Driving forces)
Optimization
Responsibility
no
nli
nea
rEthics!!
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Thanks for your Thanks for your attention ! attention !