National Infrared Operations National Infrared Operations Program Program Thomas Zajkowski USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center Salt Lake City, Utah http:// fsweb.rsac.fs.fed.us (801) 975-3750 Fire Detection Workshop Fire Detection Workshop Hinton, Alberta CA Hinton, Alberta CA March 2003 March 2003
National Infrared Operations Program. Fire Detection Workshop Hinton, Alberta CA March 2003. Thomas Zajkowski USDA Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center Salt Lake City, Utah. http://fsweb.rsac.fs.fed.us (801) 975-3750. 2002 Wildland Fire Season. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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National Infrared Operations Program National Infrared Operations Program National Infrared Operations Program National Infrared Operations Program
Thomas ZajkowskiUSDA Forest Service
Remote Sensing Applications Center
Salt Lake City, Utah
http://fsweb.rsac.fs.fed.us
(801) 975-3750
Fire Detection WorkshopFire Detection WorkshopHinton, Alberta CAHinton, Alberta CA
March 2003March 2003
2002 Wildland Fire Season2002 Wildland Fire Season2002 Wildland Fire Season2002 Wildland Fire Season
Even though 99% of all fires were suppressed in initial attack, 609 of 68,230 fires became large fire incidents
28,000 firefighters and support personnel were assigned to fire suppression activities by early July
International support came from Australia, New Zealand, and Canada
U.S. Fire HistoryU.S. Fire HistoryU.S. Fire HistoryU.S. Fire History
Decade Average Acres Burned
1920 - 1929 26,004,567
1930 - 1939 39,143,195
1940 - 1949 22,919,898
1950 - 1959 9,415,796
1960 - 1969 4,571,255
1970 - 1979 3,194,421
1980 - 1989 4,236,229
1990 - 1999 3,647,597
2002 Fire Season is approximately 6,700,000 acres
Fire Costs by Federal AgencyFire Costs by Federal AgencyFire Costs by Federal AgencyFire Costs by Federal Agency
“… forest fire detection is not a simple thermal mapping job. To be effective, this system must find the fire targets when they are very small and distributed over vast land areas. The fire targets must be precisely located to be of any use to fire suppression forces.”
Airborne Infrared Forest Fire Detection System: Final Report, 1971.
BackgroundBackground
Forest Service and IRForest Service and IRForest Service and IRForest Service and IR
First project, FireScan began in 1962 Continuous operational deployment since
1967 Development of Mouse Trap FLIR 1984 Numerous papers, and technical reports Continuous evaluation of commercial,
scientific, and military systems
National Infrared Operations ProgramNational Infrared Operations ProgramNational Infrared Operations ProgramNational Infrared Operations Program
Based at the National Interagency Fire Center in Boise ID.
Presently there are 2 aircraft and 3 sensors
Full time staff consists of 2 IR technicians, and 4 pilots.
During the summer 4 IR technicians and nearly 200 Infrared interpreters help collect and interpret the data.
National Infrared Operations ProgramNational Infrared Operations ProgramNational Infrared Operations ProgramNational Infrared Operations Program
2002 statistics
• Over 778 missions flown• 1400 flight hours• Peak 29 fires per night
Private Sector Thermal Imaging System Private Sector Thermal Imaging System Hayman Fire, Colorado – 19 June 2002Hayman Fire, Colorado – 19 June 2002Private Sector Thermal Imaging System Private Sector Thermal Imaging System Hayman Fire, Colorado – 19 June 2002Hayman Fire, Colorado – 19 June 2002
Coverage of Thermal Imaging Systems Coverage of Thermal Imaging Systems Hayman Fire, Colorado – 19 June 2002Hayman Fire, Colorado – 19 June 2002Coverage of Thermal Imaging Systems Coverage of Thermal Imaging Systems Hayman Fire, Colorado – 19 June 2002Hayman Fire, Colorado – 19 June 2002
Thermal Infrared – Why two bands?Thermal Infrared – Why two bands?Thermal Infrared – Why two bands?Thermal Infrared – Why two bands?
Two bands of interest: 3-5 micron, and 8-14 micron
3-5 micron band is much more sensitive to “hot” fire, butbecomes saturated easily – loss of background detail8-14 micron band better for background terrain, but not assensitive to fire.