National Gazetteer in the age of Big (Toponym) Data

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NATIONAL GAZET TEERIN THE AGE OF B IG (TOPONYM) DATAAji Putra PerdanaINDONESIA

One Data & One Map

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BIODATA

Aji Putra Perdana, S.Si, M.Sc. Pusat Pemetaan Rupabumi dan Toponim, Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) Pendidikan:

S1: Geografi pengkhususan Kartografi dan Penginderaan Jauh, Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.

S2: Geografi, Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. [email protected]

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One Data & One Map

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a. garis pantai;b. Hipsografi (informasi ketinggian); c. perairan;d. nama rupabumi;e. batas wilayah;f. transportasi dan utilitas;g. bangunan dan fasilitas umum; danh. penutup lahan.

TOPOGRAPHIC BASE MAP

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KERANGKA KONTROL PEMETAAN, JALAN

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KERANGKA KONTROL PEMETAAN, JALAN, TUTUPAN LAHAN

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KERANGKA KONTROL PEMETAAN, JALAN, PENUTUP LAHAN, FASUM

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KERANGKA KONTROL PEMETAAN, JALAN, PENUTUP LAHAN, FASUM, TOPONIM

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Manuscript Map

Field Survey (Toponym, Administrative Boundary, Identification of Building and Land Cover, etc)

Data Entry

Building Toponym GeoDatabase

Gazettteer

Photo Album of Field Work

TOPONYM SURVEY INTOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING ACTIVITIES

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T O P O N Y M S ?

“place”

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TOPONYMS: DEFINITION

Toponyms (place names) often directly reflect spatial patterns of languages, dialects, and ethnicity, and may offer insights into the history, habitat, spatial and environmental perceptions of a certain culture (Jett1997).

Geographers and others have long used toponyms to provide clues as to the historical and cultural heritage of particular places and even large regions (e.g., McDavid 1958; Rickard 1968; Gelling1988; Kashif 2001),

because place names may survive long after a culture has vanished, thereby preserving traces of the past. The naming of places is also an integral aspect of the relationship between place and the politics of identity and power, as toponyms are often used by the authorities to promote their own ideological and political objectives (e.g.,Cohen and Kliot 1992; Myers 1996; Horsman 2006;

Dr. Andri Hernandi & Dr. Rizqi Abdulharis, 2014

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TOPONYM REFERS TO YOGYAKARTA GEOMORPHOLOGICAL FENOMENA (SUNARTO, 2012)• Ngemplak, Ngentak : putting beliung (hurricance); di dusun Randu sari,

Randu pogog, Randu suruh (randu Ceiba pentandra refers to drought environment)

• Gelap, Samberan, Meyungan : petir (storm). Bulak, large and dry areas, mass air convection, the areas has a lot of storm.

• Gunungtugel : longsor lahan (mass wasting, subsidence). Ngampon, ampo, clay, a lot of springs, water saturation, mass wasting hazard

• Patuk : gempa bumi (earth quake), pengkolan, sesar, faults• Banyumulek (putaran air) : fluvial, marine turbulence disaster• Ngoroorodowo : kekeringan (drought)• Blitar : banjir lahar volcanik (pyroclastik flow), bali dadi latar, become lahar

flow, lava flow, renewed by volcanic new eruptionsHartono, 2014

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Why Gazetteers?

• - 80% of data contains geospatial information• - geospatial data utilises spatial identifiers to distinguish between real world

features described by the data• - gazetteers are indexes of spatial identifiersAs a consequence, it is proposed that gazetteers can be used to achieve interoperability between disparate systems.

UNSDI Gazetteer for Social Protection in Indonesia

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VERIFIKASI/VALIDASI

KONSULTASI PAKAR

OFFICE TREATMENT(pengolahan data hasil survei)

Tim Surveyor dan Tim Teknis

Tim Teknis dan Tim Pakar

Tim Nasional dan Pemangku Kepentingan Daerah

Akurasi Koordinat dan Daftar Usulan Nama

Akurasi Koordinat dan Daftar Sementara Nama

Usulan Gasetir

TOPONYM VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION BY TIMNAS AND PPNR PROVINCE, COUNTY/CITY

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INDONESIAN

GAZETTEER

TIMNAS Toponym Data (Island Names

and Administrative

Names)

BIG Toponym Database

(GeoNames from Topographic Map scale 1:25.000 or

1:50.000)

Toponym Data on Topo

Map (scale 1:10.000, 1:25.000,

1:50.000 and 1:250.000)

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

BIG GAZETTEER TO SUPPORTNATIONAL GAZETTEER

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Gazetteer -- Books

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REGIONAL MAP AND GAZETTEER UNGEGN ASEPSW

InaGeoportal,

Malaysia

Geoportal

Others…

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“Borderless” (global) problems needs common gazetteers standardization

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NATIONAL GAZETTEER

Every country should construct a gazetteer of geographical names. The National Gazetteer is an officially approved and standardized set of

information about geographical names which is the sole authority for all official documents.

It provides the correct name and its spelling for all parties, government, the public, the mass media, school book publishers and map makers.

(Multamia RMT Lauder and Allan F Lauder, 2014)

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NATIONAL GAZETTEERdata & framework

national libraryimagery

national SDIgeoportal

Geo-ICTcloud computing

Cloud Computing

ina-sdi

global effortsocial media

NAMING

MAPPING

DELIVERY

National Gazetteerthe opportunities and challenges of Indonesian National Gazetteer or InaGeoNames in the age of Big (Toponym) Data as part of 'One Map Policy'

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ISLAND NAMES ANDTHE NAMES OF PREFECTURES(ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS)

Island Names This stage have been conducted, such as

surveyed (2005-2007), verified and standardized (2007-2008), as much as 13,466 islands, and adopted to be listed in the National Gazetteer. Concurrently a Government Gazette will be produced with the gazetteer as attachment for enforcement to the public at large.

The names of prefectures (administrative areas) At the end of the year 2011 the work on

verifying and validating on administrative area names all over 33 provinces had been finished, that include over 399 kabupaten/regencies, 98 kota/municipalities, and 6693 kecamatan/districts.

Natural Geographical Names For the standardization of natural

geographical names feature will be implemented starting from 2012 – 2014.

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IN THE AGE OF BIG (TOPONYM) DATA

IPHONE VS HP ANDROID BERDASARKAN GEOTAGGED TWEETSWashington, DC:Merah: pengguna IphoneHijau: pengguna Android

developed by Gnip, MapBox

PENGGUNA BLACKBERRYNew York City:Merah: pengguna IphoneHijau: pengguna AndroidUngu: pengguna Blackberry

developed by Gnip, MapBox

BLACKBERRY DI JAKARTAJakarta:Merah: pengguna IphoneHijau: pengguna AndroidUngu: pengguna Blackberry

developed by Gnip, MapBox

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GAZETTEER FRAMEWORK – SPATIAL IDENTIFIER REFERENCE FRAMEWORK

BIG, INDONESIA – CSIRO, AUSTRALIA

to build an indexed gazetteer classified toponym into verified, official, unofficial, not yet gazette, or to be verified.

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SOPUpdating Toponym data from unofficial data

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CONCLUDING REMARKS

In the age of Big (Toponym) Data there is a big need to use a single 'official gazetteer' as reference for 'georeferencing' volunteered Big Geo-Data, user generated content or unstructured textual words and phrases.

On the other hand, to accelerate the toponym data collection should be analyze the possibility of the use Volunteered Geospatial Information or any Big (Toponym) Data as crowdsource gazetteer some novel approaches have to be done.

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Te r i m a Ka s i h