National Conference on Agriculture for Rabi Campaign, 2013 Group –IV Interventions to increase Oilseeds, Pulses Production in different ecologies Date : 24-25 Sept Venue: National Agriculture Science Centre Pusa Complex, New Delhi DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & CANE DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT OF JHARKHAND 1
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National Conference on Agriculture for Rabi Campaign, 2013 Group –IV Interventions to increase Oilseeds, Pulses Production in different ecologies Date.
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National Conference on Agriculture for Rabi Campaign, 2013
Group –IVInterventions to increase Oilseeds,
Pulses Production in different ecologiesDate : 24-25 Sept
Venue: National Agriculture Science Centre Pusa Complex, New Delhi
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & CANE DEVELOPMENTGOVERNMENT OF JHARKHAND 1
2
JHARKHAND STATE PROFILE
Area in % Area in % Area in Lakhs HaArea in Lakhs Ha
* * Total Geographical AreaTotal Geographical Area : : 79.71 79.71 * * Total Cultivable Land Total Cultivable Land :: 38.00 38.00 * * Net Sown AreaNet Sown Area :: 28.08% 28.08% 25.7525.75* * Current FallowCurrent Fallow :: 11.12%11.12% 8.878.87* * Other FallowOther Fallow :: 08.46%08.46% 6.756.75* * ForestForest :: 29.20%29.20% 23.2823.28* * Barren LandsBarren Lands :: 7.20%7.20% 5.745.74* * Non – Agricultural UseNon – Agricultural Use :: 8.60%8.60% 6.866.86* * Pasture and Other Grazing Pasture and Other Grazing
Rainfall during June to Sept -80 % of total Rainfall
Present Trend of Rainfall - Rainfall delayed & Late onset of Monsoon
Upto 20th Sept 2013 3
Rainfall…..monthly distribution
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Ra
infa
ll (m
m)
-25
25
75
125
175
225
Std
. De
v. &
CV
(%
)
Normal SD CV(%)
4
Rainfall during April to Sept.(mm) S No. Year Source : Directorate of Agril. Source : IMD, Ranchi
Normal Actual Normal Actual
1 2013-14 992.1 820.7 1148.1 823.8
2 April 12.4 20.9 22.30 20.9
3 May, 42.2 78.7 44.9 78.7
4 June 167.7 162.9 196.6 162.9
5 July 276.1 197.4 327.0 197.4
6 Aug 273.5 266.3 322.5 266.3
7 21st Sept,13 220.2 94.5 234.8 97.65
Land Situation
• Total Cultivable Land - 38 lakh ha• Area under Kharif - 26 lakh ha• Area under Rabi - 6-7 Lakh ha • Upland Rice Area - 5-6 Lakh ha• Rice Fallow Area- 12-14 Lakh ha
There is a potential of taking Pulses & Oilseeds in 12-14 Lakh ha of Rice-Fallow area.
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APY of Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds and others Crop 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11
Requirement & Availability of Seeds under Pulses & Oilseeds
Kharif, 2013
Crop Requirement in Qtls
Availability in Qtl Deficit in qtl (-)
Arhar 17184 1175 16089
Moong 748 - 748
Urad 2304 563.8 1740.20
Soyabean 1822 -- 1822
Tori 1295 - -
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Requirement & Availability of Seeds under Pulses & Oilseeds
Rabi, 2013-14
Crop Requirement in Qtls
Availability in Qtls * Deficit (-)
Bengal Gram
18750 10415 8335
Pea 6000 6750 (+) 750
Masur 6000 8605 (+) 2605
Mustard 9012 6560 2452
Linseed 1350 120 1230
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Procurement of Pulses & Oilseeds • No procurement of Pulses and Oilseed till last
year. • Effort for procurement of pulses & oilseed is
undertaken during 2012-13. • NAFED (Central Govt. Agency) tie-up for
procurement.• VEGFED (State level Agency) engaged for
procurement through PACs/ LAMPs• District wise target for procurement of Pulses /
Oilseed finalized on the basis of production. • Dy. Commissioner of concerned district
designated to oversees the procurement process.
• ATMA & other agencies are involved for awareness programme for procurement.
• 1036 qtls Urad was procured during 2012-13.26
Concerns in Oilseeds & Pulses
• Continued dependence of oilseeds on rainfed production system
• Non availability of quality seeds of improved varieties • Poor crop nutrition
– Sub-optimal and imbalanced use of major nutrients– Minimal use of secondary and micronutrients
• New biotic threats: • Inefficient processing• Inadequate marketing support and non-remunerative prices
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Past growth Past growth – 49% contributed by area expansion
51% by productivity improvement
Area expansion in oilseed and Pulses crops which have
Shown higher growth rate of productivity due to technological development
Whose relative prices with competing crops have moved in their favour
Higher growth rates combined with higher prices resulting in sharp increases in total profitability
Area Expansion
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Area Expansion
• Use of fallow / barren land under pulses and oilseed through land
reclamation and use of INM.
• Rice – fallow be used with short duration pulses & oilseed crops.
• Under remmunerative cropping system oilseed and pulses crop be used
as catch crop or relay crop.• Crop intensification in underutilized farming situations like rice -fallows• Intercropping in widely spaced crops• Situations of limited water availability• As options under contingency planning and as catch crops• Replacement of less-remunerative crops• Promotion of oilseed and Pulses crops in saline and acid soils• Crop diversification in rice-rice and rice-wheat system areas
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Enhancing Oilseeds & Pulses Productivity
A combination of land saving technologies involving :
- High yielding varieties/hybrids
- Balanced and integrated crop nutrition
- Efficient crop management
- Integrated pest management
- Mechanisation
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Nutrient Management in Oilseeds & Pulses
• Oilseeds & Pulses are energy rich crops grown under energy starved conditions
• Good response to major, (N, P, K); secondary (S) and micronutrients (Zn, B, Mo)
• Need for fertilizer management on a cropping system basis for high use efficiency
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Biofertilizers in Oilseed & Pulses Production• Seed innoculation with Rhizobium in pulses
and Some oilseeds (Groundnut and Soybean) to save 20-25 kg N /ha.
• Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Azotobacter saves 20 to 30 kg N/ha in sesame, mustard, sunflower and safflower
• Application of phosphorus solubilising bacteria (PSB) mobilizes fixed P in soil and reduces P requirement
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Irrigation
More than 77% of oilseeds & Pulses area is rainfed
Water requirements of oilseeds & Pulses are low as compared to cereals
Productivity of most oilseed & Pulses crops can almost be doubled with just one or two irrigations during critical stages
Diversify with oilseed and Pulses crops when water supplies are limited
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Efficient Crop Management
Low cost and no cost technologies Crop rotation to improve soil health and to reduce pest build
up Soil and moisture conservation measures Timely planting Adequate plant stand through adjustment in seed rate and
thinning Timely weed management to reduce crop weed competition Need based plant protection with bioagents and biopesticides Promotion of PGPR like Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum,
PSB, etc. Liming in acid soil to improve crop productivity.
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Important Insect Pests and Diseases of Oilseed Crops
Important Insect Pests and Diseases of Pulses Crops
Pigeonpea Pod borer Wilt
Black gram
Pea Powdary mildew RustPod borer
Pod borer Yellow mosaicHairy catter pillar
Chickpea Pod borer Wilt
Sterlity mosaic
Sucking insect Leaf wrinkle
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Managing Insect Pests and Diseases
• Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices
have been standardised involving resistant
varieties, biocontrol agents, biopesticides and
need-based use of chemicals
• Additional benefit with IPM ranges from Rs.
2500/ha to Rs. 7600/ha in different oilseed &
Pulses crops
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Preparedness for monitoring and Surveillance of insects, pests and diseases
• Selection of farmers facilitator / Scout one at every 100 ha
area.
• Weekly report about occurrence of insect, pest & diseases by
farmers facilitator / Scout under his area.
• Monitoring by ADO’s at block level (1000 ha) area.
• Constitution of Disaster Management Group at district level.
To keep surveillance on insect pest and diseases infestation in pulses and oilseed crops following arrangement may be made on the pattern of NFSM – A3P Pulses programme.
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Strategy for enhancing Cost Benefit Ratio in Pulses and Oilseeds for making crops more
profitable
• Selection of area specific suitable crop variety.
• Use of higher yield potential crop varieties.
• Use of INM and IPM to increase productivity.
• To ensure one or two irrigation at critical growth stages.
• Proper marketing facility to fetch higher profitability in
local market.
• Arrangement for 100% seed treatment / seed
innoculation.
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Innovative technology to be taken at farmers field during Rabi - 2013-14
• Arrangement for 100% seed treatment / seed
inoculation.
• Use of Sulphur at 20kgs/ha.
• Use of raingun to provide irrigation at critical growth
stages.
• Incentive to farmers for INM/IPM.
• Incentive for farm mechanization.
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Future Research Thrusts
• Yield enhancement with resistance to biotic and
abiotic stresses
• Developing varieties suitable for different seasons/
situations
• Hybrid development and seed production
technology
• Biotechnological approaches
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Road Map for Oilseed & Pulses Sector Expand oilseed and Pulses area
• Rice fallows and non-traditional areas• Intercropping• Crop diversification
Effective technology dissemination for enhancing productivity • Quality seed of improved varieties• Balanced crop nutrition• Protective irrigation• Effective crop management• Integrated pest management
Provide favorable policy back up• Decontrol of traditional oilseeds and Pulses from small scale sector to enhance efficiency of