Nathan Krohne COLOR BLINDNESS. DISCOVERY John Dalton, an English chemist, was the first to report the disorder. First general condition of color blindness.

Nathan Krohne

COLOR BLINDNESS

DISCOVERY• John Dalton, an English chemist, was the first to report the disorder .

• First general condition of color blindness was called Daltonism

• Dalton believed that a colored liquid inside the eyeball.

• Scientists dissected his eye.

• proved wrong after his death.

NEW THEORY• Thomas Young and Hermann von Helmholtz were the first to

propose trichromatic color vision.

• By 1850 Thomas and Hermann expanded the theory further.

• The theory wasn’t proven until 1958.

• By 1983 the theory was complete.

Thomas Young Herman Van Helmholtz

ETIOLOGY• 8% European decent

• 4% African American decent

• .4% of women.

• X-linked recessive inheritance trait

• Effects of color blindness can vary from mild to severe depending upon the defected gene.

• Red-Green colorblindness accounts for 6% of men with the disorder

SYMPTOMS• May be able to see some colors but not others.

• Harder to detect than one might think, particularly in children.

• A colorblind person may only be able to see a few shades of color, whereas others can see thousands of shades of color.

Red-Green ColorblindNormal Color

COLORBLIND TESTS• Most popular is Ishihara Plate test.

• 38 images of random colored circles.

• Originally made for Japanese Army.

• Farnsworth Lantern Test

• Used by the Navy, Marines, and coast Guard.

• Involves colored signals that have to be identified

from a distance

SOMATIC GENE THERAPY• Works by delivering therapeutic DNA into a patient's cells

• Somatic gene therapy= DNA to somatic cells, or non-sex cells.

• will only affect the individual,

not the next generation.

• currently over 600 experiments of somatic cell gene therapy in the United States.

• only for treatment; complete cure of the mutated gene is not yet available.

GERMLINE GENE THERAPY• Works by joining a modified gene with germ cells to form a zygote.

• Germline gene therapy= intended for sex cells only.

• Heritable and passed on to

later generations.

• Ethical reasons and

risk to future generations

may prohibit Germline gene therapy

• Tremendous advancements since the first experiment in 1990.

• Genetic engineering.

SOCIETY ON COLORBLINDNESS• No discrimination.

• A lot of misconceptions.

• Difficulties reading color-coded maps.

• Difficult or impossible to get certain occupations.

WORK CITEDColor Blindness. (2010, May 14). What is Color Blindness. Retrieved February 10, 2014, from Colour-Blindness: http://www.colour-blindness.com/ Evans, A. (2008). Color Is In The Eye Of The Beholder. Boston, massachusetts: CVD

Publishing. Kennard, J. (2007, Janurary 7). Color Blindness in Men. Mens Health. Retrieved

February 10, 2014, from About.MensHealth: MensHealth.about.com MedicineNet. (2012, May 14). Color Blindness. Retrieved February 9, 2014, from

MedicineNet: MedicineNet.com Phillips, R. H. (1995). Coping With Colorblindness (Vol. 1). New York City, New York:

Avery. Wearecolorblind. (2012, Janurary 10). A introduction to colorblindness. Retrieved

February 9, 2014, from Wearecolorblind: Wearecolorblind.com WebMD. (2011, April 2011). Eye Health Care. Retrieved Feburary 9, 2014, from

WebMD.com Williams, P. (2010). Color Blind A Memoir. New York City, New York: St. Martins

Pres.