Natech Management in Turkey Serkan Girgin, Ph.D. [email protected]http://www.teknolojikkazalar.org 3rd International Disaster and Risk Conference 30 May – 3 June 2010, Davos – Switzerland Emerging Risks – NATECH Risk Reduction and Its Implementation
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Kocaeli Earthquake, 1999Date:17 August 1999, 03:02am
Duration:45 s
Location:40.7 N, 29.9 E
Depth:15.9 km
Magnitude and Intensity:MW - 7.4, MSK - X
Dead:17,480
Injured:43,953
Damage:15 B US$
Homeless:675,000
Affected:15,000,000
TUPRAS Izmit Refinery Fire
� Fire at chemical warehouse� Breaking of containers
and reaction
� Fire at crude oil unit� Collapse of 115m tall, 10m
diameter stack breaking 63 pipelines and a heater
� Fire at naptha tank farm� Sparks created by
bouncing of the floating roofs
� Started at 4 tanks, spread to 2 additional tanks
TUPRAS Izmit Refinery Fire
� Evacuation of nearby settlements
� Marine pollution
� No domino effect
� No deaths or injuries during fire fighting
� Operational in 2.5 months, full capacity in 12 months
� Cost of recovery: 57.8 M $
Ref: Danis and Gorgun, 2005
AKSA Acrylonitrile Spill� Acrylonitrile release to air,
sea and groundwater� Damage of 3 storage tanks� Amount: 6400 tons
� Death of all animals and vegetation within 200m radius
� Intoxication of 27 workers
� Evacuation of nearby villages
� Doubts on fatalities due to increased cancer risk
� Clean-up� 53,000 m³ GW pumped out for
treatment/recovery in 4 years� Concentration: 80,000ppm to
non-detectable levels
Ref: Demir, 1999
Common Shortcomings� Inadequate design and construction
� Insufficient emergency planning
� Natech events were not foreseen although natural disaster (earthquake) risks were well known
� Insufficient first response
� Collapse of relied response mechanisms
� Lack of sufficient response equipments
� Limited human resources
� Poor emergency management
� Especially at local level
TUPRAS Izmit RefineryLessons Learned
� Revised emergency response plans� Natech events are taken into
consideration
� Disaster plans� Fire events at four different
locations� Fire at the largest storage tank
with minimal water supply
� Bi-monthly emergency response practices� Based on probable scenarios
including natechs� Participation of all refinery
personnel
� Increased response capacity� Portable diesel water pump
(900m³/h), monitor and 6”hose (2km)
� Water sprinkler and foam systems at all tanks
� Water canons (50 fixed, 10 portable)
� Increased fire water capacity (5 times)
� Sea water connection to fire water system
� Gas and flame sensors� Increased oil barrier stock
(3 km)
� Evolution of disaster management� 1923 – 1942
� Response to disasters on a case-specific basis
� 1943 – 1952� Law on Protection from Floods (1943)� Law on Precautions to be Taken Before and After Earthquakes (1944)
� Earthquake Zones Map � Building Code
� 1953 – 1999� Law on Civil Defense (1958)� Disaster Law (1959)� Settlement Law (1959)� Establishment of G. D. of Disaster Affairs (1965)
� 1999 onwards� Proactive measures and emergency management oriented regulations
Legislative FrameworkDisaster Management
Legislative FrameworkDisaster Management
Emergency Response Committee
DistrictEmergency Response
Service GroupsEmergency
Response Services
Head Official
Emergency Response Committee
Province
Emergency Response Service Groups
Emergency Response Services
Governor
Disaster Office
Emergency Response
Plan
ResponseTeams
ResponseTeamsEmergency
ResponsePlan
National Prime Ministry
Central Disaster Coordination Council
Ministries
Military
Military
General Staff
Natechs should be taken into
consideration
Service Groups:
• Communication• Transportation• Rescue and Debris Removal• First Aid and Medical• Preliminary Damage Assessment and Temporary Shelter• Public Security• Approbation, Renting, Confiscation and Distribution• Agricultural• Lifeline
Service Groups:
• Communication• Transportation• Rescue and Debris Removal• First Aid and Medical• Preliminary Damage Assessment and Temporary Shelter• Public Security• Approbation, Renting, Confiscation and Distribution• Agricultural• Lifeline