Nasa commercial space dec 2012

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Commercial Space and Commercial Space and Why Are We Doing It?

November 7, 2012Philip McAlisterNASA HQ, HEOMD

The Future State

• The vision of commercial human spaceflight to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is a robust, vibrant, profit-making commercial enterprise with many providers and a wide range of private and public users.

• NASA’s commercial spaceflight initiatives are helping to make this vision a reality.

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“Commercial” at NASA

Program Characteristic Early Space Age

Approach Commercial-Oriented

Approach Owner NASA

Industry

Contract Fee-Type Cost Plus

Fixed Price

Contract Management Prime Contractor

Public-Private Partnership

Customer(s) NASA Government and Non-Government

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Government Funding for Capability Demonstration

NASA procures capability NASA provides investment via milestone payments

NASA’s Role in Capability Development

NASA defines “what” and “how”

NASA only defines “what” (Industry defines “how”)

Requirements Definition NASA defines detailed

requirements NASA defines top-level

capabilities needed

Cost Structure NASA incurs total cost NASA and Industry cost share

Commercial Crew Approach

Traditional NASA Development

Goal: ISS Crew Mission

Extensive Government Involvement

No Cost Sharing

Government Owns IP

Detailed Design Requirements

Unlimited Data and Lots of Deliverables

Non-Traditional Development

Goal: Commercial Human Transport

Limited Government Involvement

Cost Sharing

Commercial Partner Owns IP

Tailored Human-Rating Requirements

Pay-for-Performance Milestones

Higher Costs Lower Costs

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NASA had clearly chosen a non-traditional development approach for the Commercial Crew Program.

Unique Approach to a Unique Situation

• Over the years, NASA has used a variety of a different approaches to overseeing and understanding the development of spacecraft. Each approach was tailored to meet the specific needs of the program.

• Within the context of CCP, the following key ingredients are present which enable the adoption of these key paradigm changes:– No technology breakthroughs were required – we are not pushing the

technological state of the art by flying people to and from low Earth orbittechnological state of the art by flying people to and from low Earth orbit– Very real prospect of other customers beyond NASA – spaceflight

participants and sovereign clients are existing markets with substantial growth potential

– Government foundational customer base – the International Space Station represents a long term, repeatable market

– Strong industrial base – many U.S. companies have the capability to develop safe and reliable crew transportation systems.

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Approach Summary

• The purpose of contrasting NASA’s traditional and non-traditional approaches does not mean one is better than the other.

• Each approach is appropriate for the type of program required.– For technically-ambitious, one-of-a-kind programs where NASA is the

only customer and production is limited to only one (or a few) of the systems, then a traditional approach is more appropriate.

– For more commercial-like programs that feature the key ingredients – For more commercial-like programs that feature the key ingredients mentioned previously, the approach being followed by the CCP is more appropriate.

• The combination of a unique contracting mechanism and an innovative technical approach should enable the development of a safe, reliable, and cost effective crew transportation system for use by a wide range of public and private users.

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Commercial Cargo Status

• SpaceX– After 72 months, 40 milestones, and a

$396M investment from NASA, SpaceX developed and brought into operations: • A new U.S. intermediate class

commercial launch vehicle (Falcon 9), • A spacecraft (Dragon), and • A launch pad (LC-40) capable of safely transporting cargo to the ISS and returning cargo to the Earth.

• Orbital Sciences Corporation– Orbital Sciences has completed 24 of 29

milestones and received $266.5M out of $288.

– The maiden test flight date of the Antaresis under review but could occur in October 2012. The Demonstration Mission will potentially occur 3 months after the maiden flight. 7

Commercial Crew Program Roadmap

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 20172010

CCDev 2

CCDevCommercial Crew Development Partners: Blue Origin, Boeing, Paragon, Sierra Nevada, ULA (5)

Scope: Crew Transportation System Technologies and ConceptsTotal Amount Awarded: $50M

Commercial Crew DevelopmentRound 2

Partners: Blue Origin, Boeing, Sierra Nevada, SpaceX (4)Scope: Elements of a Crew Transportation System

Total Amount Awarded: $315M

CCiCAP (Base Period)

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Commercial Crew Integrated Capability

CCiCAP (Optional Period)

Partners: Boeing, Sierra Nevada, SpaceX (3)Scope: Integrated Crew Transportation Systems

Total Amount Awarded: $1,112M

NASA Crew Certification

CPC (Phase 1)

Partners: TBDScope: Early Certification Products

Total Amount Awarded: $40M (maximum)

Partners: TBDScope: Full Certification

Certification (Phase 2)

Crew Transportation Services for NASA-Sponsored Personnel

Partners: TBDScope: Final Development and Test(s)

Sierra Nevada Corporation

• Descriptions & Features– Dream Chaser spacecraft is a reusable, piloted, lifting body,

derived from NASA HL-20 concept• Carries up to 7 crew members • Utilizes non-toxic propellants• Primary Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, Florida• Primary Landing Site: Shuttle Landing Facility, Florida• Abort scenario leverages primary propulsion system with an

ability to abort to a runway landing

Artist rendition of Dream Chaser in low-Earth orbit

ability to abort to a runway landing– Atlas V vehicle launched from the Space Launch Complex 41

launch pad

• Base Period– $212.5M total NASA funding for 9 milestones– Significant progress toward completion of critical design– Two major safety reviews and significant subsystem

technology maturation and hardware testing

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Artist rendition of Dream Chaser and Atlas V on

launch pad

Artist rendition of Dream Chaser landing on a runway

SpaceX

• Descriptions & Features– Spacecraft uses a crewed version of the SpaceX Dragon

capsule• Carries up to 7 Crew• Primary Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, Florida• Primary Landing Site: “On land” landing, specific landing

site in work• Integrated, side-mounted launch abort system utilizing

SuperDraco engines

Artist rendition of Dragon attached to ISS

– Upgraded Falcon 9 vehicle launched from the Space Launch Complex 40 launch pad

– Mid calendar year 2015 crewed test flight (dependent on funding and technical progress)

• Base Period– $440M total NASA funding for 14 milestones– Culminates in an integrated critical design review– Includes a pad abort test and an in-flight abort test

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Picture of Falcon 9 rocket on launch pad in Florida

Artist rendition of Dragon re-entering Earth’s atmosphere

Boeing

• Descriptions & Features– CST-100 spacecraft is a reusable capsule design utilizing

many proven flight components• Carries up to 7 people• Primary Launch Site: Cape Canaveral, Florida• Primary Landing Site: “On Land” landing, specific landing

site in work• “Pusher” launch abort system

– Atlas V launch vehicle using the dual engine Centaur upper

Artist rendition of the CST-100 spacecraft

– Atlas V launch vehicle using the dual engine Centaur upper stage configuration and launched from the Space Launch Complex 41 launch pad

– Late calendar year 2016 crewed test flight (dependent on funding and technical progress)

• Base period– $460M total NASA funding for 19 milestones– Culminates in an integrated critical design review– Significant propulsion system, avionics, and wind

tunnel development and testing

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Artist rendition of CST-100 and Atlas V on the launch pad

Successful parachute drop test accomplished during

CCDev2

Accomplishments and Status

• CCDev1 successfully completed; the majority of CCDev2 milestones completed; CCiCAP underway, ISS safety and performance requirements baselined.

• Industry is making significant progress on multiple crew transportation system designs.• Budget status reflects steady progress.

600

700

800

900$830M*

• Together with the capabilities to explore deep space provided by the Space Launch System and the Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, NASA has a robust, complementary U.S. human space flight program.

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0

100

200

300

400

500

2009/2010 2011 2012 2013

* FY2013 President’s Budget Request

$50M

$312M

$406M