NAS Design & Test Design & Test Challenges & Challenges & Solutions in Solutions in Nanometer Era Nanometer Era by by Yervant Zorian Yervant Zorian Vice President & Chief Scientist Vice President & Chief Scientist Virage Logic Corporation Virage Logic Corporation
52
Embed
NAS Design & Test Challenges & Solutions in Nanometer Era by Yervant Zorian Vice President & Chief Scientist Virage Logic Corporation.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
NAS
Design & Test Design & Test Challenges & Solutions Challenges & Solutions
in Nanometer Erain Nanometer Era
byby
Yervant ZorianYervant Zorian
Vice President & Chief ScientistVice President & Chief Scientist
1944 - ENIAC – programming and testing Size- 1 x 2.1 x 33 meters, 140 square meter, contains 19.000 vacuum tubes, 1500 relays, and uses 180 kWh, its volume was 100 m3 and weighed appr. 30.000 kilo
Smaller geometries and integration allow us to have more features in smaller footprints.
… Moving to single chip phone!
Memory
QSC6030 Digital Modem & µProc, BBA, RF & PMICQSC6030 Digital Modem & µProc, BBA, RF & PMIC
RF
NAS
How to produce this level of integration?How to produce this level of integration?• The next generation multimedia terminal supports :The next generation multimedia terminal supports :
– high-bandwidth wireless communication ( ~7mbs) ;high-bandwidth wireless communication ( ~7mbs) ;– Multiple modems (Blue tooth, HSUPA, 1x, GSM, WiFi etc), Multiple modems (Blue tooth, HSUPA, 1x, GSM, WiFi etc), – Bi-directional motion video; Bi-directional motion video; – High-quality audio(MPEG) , High-quality audio(MPEG) , – GraphicsGraphics– Low power Low power – Integration of RF/ Memory /Analog Integration of RF/ Memory /Analog – Speech, and pen-based inputSpeech, and pen-based input– Full text and graphics input Full text and graphics input – HD TV on DemandHD TV on Demand– Solar chargerSolar charger– Heads up display / solar insensitive displayHeads up display / solar insensitive display– 100% input mapping accuracy100% input mapping accuracy– Full function word processor / spreadsheets, and editingFull function word processor / spreadsheets, and editing
MemoryMemory
Micro-Micro-ProcessorProcessor
GSM/GPRSGSM/GPRS
DSPDSPGPSGPS
3D Graphics3D Graphics
VideoVideo
AudioAudio
ImagingImaging
CDMACDMA
DSPDSP
NAS
Technology TrendsTechnology Trends• Increased number of cores Increased number of cores
• Megabits of embedded RAMMegabits of embedded RAM
• Increasing timing domains and higer frequenciesIncreasing timing domains and higer frequencies
• More and more power domains and (low) power modesMore and more power domains and (low) power modes
• Zero PPM qualityZero PPM quality
• Exploding data volumesExploding data volumes
• New process material and more layersNew process material and more layers
• Intra / Inter die variationsIntra / Inter die variations
• Gigabit I/OGigabit I/O
NAS
Technology ProductionTechnology Production
• Growth in technology user community continuesGrowth in technology user community continues
• Most complex technologies for childrenMost complex technologies for children
• Technology users versus producersTechnology users versus producers
• Research -> Development -> ManufacturingResearch -> Development -> Manufacturing
• Producers were Vertically Integrated Systems Producers were Vertically Integrated Systems
• Creation new companies vs existing companiesCreation new companies vs existing companies– Spin-off culture vs start-ups culture creationSpin-off culture vs start-ups culture creation
• Rise of Silicon Valley feeding start-upsRise of Silicon Valley feeding start-ups– Stanford University and Hewlett PackardStanford University and Hewlett Packard– Concentration of Venture Capital FirmsConcentration of Venture Capital Firms– Enabling environment – Legal, banking, accountingEnabling environment – Legal, banking, accounting– International contributors (Asian CEOs)International contributors (Asian CEOs)
• New companies originated from New companies originated from – University labs – HP, Google, Yahoo, Oracle, eBAYUniversity labs – HP, Google, Yahoo, Oracle, eBAY– Large industrial corporations – Intel, Nvidia, Cisco, Large industrial corporations – Intel, Nvidia, Cisco,
Moore’s Law Moore’s Law Enabling Significant Enabling Significant Product Opportunities Product Opportunities at Same Costat Same Cost
Better system level power/performance by integrating more functionality on a single die enabled by the increased availability of transistors
NAS
Moore‘s Law on Wide Range of Products Moore‘s Law on Wide Range of Products
Multicore designsHighly parallel designs
SOCuP, DSP, GPS, modems, memory
AMD Quadcore Intel Quadcore
IBM Cell
nVidia Quad SLI
Qualcomm 7600 Xilinx Virtex 5
More and more timing domainsMegabits of embedded RAMMore and more power domains and (low)power modesZero PPM qualityExploding data volumesIntra/ Inter die variationsDC to Gigabit I/O
More Mbytes/ sec = measure of goodness
NAS
2. Problem: Defectivity 2. Problem: Defectivity Miniaturization result in
Finer and denser semiconductor fabrication Increased susceptiblity Increased defectivity Lower manufacturing yield and reliability
Observed as Defect density Realistic Faults Timing problems Transient or Soft Errors
Silicon QualitySilicon Quality• Enhanced Test algorithms with the knowledge of accurate background patterns provide 100% Enhanced Test algorithms with the knowledge of accurate background patterns provide 100%
fault coverage for comprehensive fault typesfault coverage for comprehensive fault types– New faults types appear at advanced process technologiesNew faults types appear at advanced process technologies
– Comprehensive modeling of memory topology required to generate dedicated background Comprehensive modeling of memory topology required to generate dedicated background patterns for fault detectionpatterns for fault detection
– Generic algorithms are not as granular resulting in test escapesGeneric algorithms are not as granular resulting in test escapes
Lack of knowledge of complete scrambling information can lead to up to 30% test escapes
NAS 20
Silicon Debug CycleSilicon Debug Cycle• Need to gather failure data using diagnosis IP and Need to gather failure data using diagnosis IP and
analyze obtained data by off-chip fault localization analyze obtained data by off-chip fault localization methodologies, tools and equipmentmethodologies, tools and equipment
• Leverage same infrastructure IP for test, silicon Leverage same infrastructure IP for test, silicon debug and diagnosisdebug and diagnosis
• Integrated Silicon Debug Solution comprised of - Integrated Silicon Debug Solution comprised of - – Analysis and generation of embedded test & Analysis and generation of embedded test &
diagnosis IPdiagnosis IP– Integration of embedded test & diagnosis IPIntegration of embedded test & diagnosis IP– Creation of yield acceleration data baseCreation of yield acceleration data base– Failure data from diagnosis IP analyzed off-chip Failure data from diagnosis IP analyzed off-chip
for fault localizationfor fault localization
NAS 21
Infrastructure IP for Test and DiagnosisInfrastructure IP for Test and Diagnosis
• Based on diagnostic information collected from tester Based on diagnostic information collected from tester response, it will be possible to determine fault types.response, it will be possible to determine fault types.
• Cost of production increasedCost of production increased
• Counterpoint: The San Andreas FaultCounterpoint: The San Andreas Fault
NAS
Globalization in Technology ProductionGlobalization in Technology Production
• New locations around the world New locations around the world – Manufacturing, ex: Mexico, Taiwan, ChinaManufacturing, ex: Mexico, Taiwan, China– Development, ex: India, KoreaDevelopment, ex: India, Korea– Research, ex: Armenia, RussiaResearch, ex: Armenia, Russia
• New trends in global technology productionNew trends in global technology production– Distributed corporate sitesDistributed corporate sites– Outsourcing servicesOutsourcing services– New global start-upsNew global start-ups
NAS
Top 20 Semiconductor Technology Companies Top 20 Semiconductor Technology Companies
• Application-specific disaggregation of semiconductor Application-specific disaggregation of semiconductor
industry – similar to system housesindustry – similar to system houses– Digital home, enterprise, portable, health, etc. Digital home, enterprise, portable, health, etc.
• Application-specific disaggregation of semiconductor Application-specific disaggregation of semiconductor
supply industrysupply industry– EDA suppliersEDA suppliers– IP providersIP providers– FoundriesFoundries
• Test, diagnostics, yield, reliability requirements for Test, diagnostics, yield, reliability requirements for
Imaging, Characterization, Analysis and Modification in Three Dimensions Down to the Sub-Angstrom Level
NanoBiology NanoResearch NanoElectronics
“Energy creation engine”inside a cell at NCI/NIH
Oil Refining Catalyst
Semiconductor Defect Analysis
Data Storage Metrology
Industry and Institute
NAS 47
A Copper atom is 0.125 nm in diameter
A Penny is 0.75” A Penny is 0.75” diameter = 1.9cmdiameter = 1.9cm
Question? How many copper atoms Question? How many copper atoms can be aligned on the diameter of a can be aligned on the diameter of a penny? penny?
Answer.
152 Million
Scaling The NanoScale
NAS 50
Properties Vary at Nanoscale
Properties: Electronic, Magnetic, Photonic, Catalytic, etc.
Atomic &
Molecular
Nanoscale
Micro-macro-bulk
Gold ~1nm = Semiconductor
100nm
Pro
per
ty s
cale
Bulk materialAtomic 1nm
NAS 51
Industries Entering into NanozoneIndustries Entering into Nanozone
time
feat
ure
siz
e
nanozone
Semiconductors
Data storage
Industries….
Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare….Nanobiology Business
NanoIndustry Business
Nanoelectronics Business
100 nanometers
Research is pervasive
NAS
Change and perception –
Popular culture helps to drive consumer perception• Cost Matters - ALWAYS
– Low end phones in 2000 ~ $150, today ~ $22 ( with better size and more features)
• Size Matters – – Smaller is better, bigger is obviously obsolete
• Function and Quality Matter– Bi-directional video with mid to high range digital camera– Lifetime of music on my iPOD – or cell phone– Virtual surround sound with 3D Video and HDTV headsets– GPS– Wearable devices / voice controlled (accurate) input devices
• Time to Market Matters because – When do I get my personal Tricorder? I want it NOW !!
When does science fiction meet science
Cyber gloves Heads up
displays
NAS
ConclusionConclusion
Advanced products for new generations
Technology Miniaturization Continues !Technology Miniaturization Continues !Design & Test Challenges Continue !Design & Test Challenges Continue !