Narrative support for technical documents Formalising Rhetorical Structure Theory Professor Peter Henderson, Nishadi De Silva Declarative Systems and Software Engineering Research Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK.
16
Embed
Narrative support for technical documents Formalising Rhetorical Structure Theory Professor Peter Henderson, Nishadi De Silva Declarative Systems and Software.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Narrative support for technical documents
Formalising Rhetorical Structure Theory
Professor Peter Henderson, Nishadi De Silva
Declarative Systems and Software Engineering Research Group,School of Electronics and Computer Science,
University of Southampton, UK.
2
Overview
Description of the problem Introduction to narrative theories Applying narrative theories to improve
technical documents Features of our software tool, Computer-Aided
Narrative Support (CANS) Outline for future work
3
The problem Written communication is unavoidable
Effective written documents need to be well-structured and contain a coherent narrative
- Technical writing
Many theories to enhance a narrative were developed in the past by linguists and researchers into narratives
However, existing writing tools do not support document narratives or incorporate these narrative theories
4
Narratives explained
• What is a narrative?- A narrative is the…representation of a series of events
meaningfully connected in a temporal and causal way [Onega & Landa, 1996]- Narrative ≈ Story
• Narrative theories- Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST), 1988- Simpler than most other theories- Can be used to enhance coherence, identify (un)necessary
segments of text
• The ‘story’ that a document conveys to the reader is called a ‘document narrative’
5
Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST)
• Divide a piece of text into segments
• A segment is either a nucleus (N) or a satellite (S)
• Relationships exist between these text segments
• Coherence is achieved by the overall effect created by a relation
• A coherent narrative should form a tree of relationships (example coming up)
Example:
6
Applying RST to a short story
[There is an initial condition.] 1
[Then a problem arises] 2 [that disrupts this condition.] 3
[A solution is sought. One of thesolutions fixes the problem] 4
[and restores the initial condition.] 5
Fido is a happy dog.Last week Fido got fleas and started scratching. This made Fido unhappy.Noticing this, Fido’s owner took him to the vet.The vet recommended a flea treatment which got rid of the fleas. Fido stopped scratching and was happy again!
Generic narrative An instance of the generic narrative
RST tree for the generic narrative
1
2
3
7
Another Example: Generic Narrative for a Research Proposal
[We want you to fund us]1
[because we will achieve these objectives/results.]2 ……………….
[We know this problem is unsolved]7
[because we have studied the background.]8
[We will solve this problem]9
[by this method.]10 ………..
[The research will be carried out by these researchers]16
[and they are the most qualified to do this because justification-of-researchers.]17 ………..
(Generic narrative obtained after studying many suggested formats for Research Proposals from various sources.)
8
RST analysis of research proposal narrative
Collapsed RST tree
We want you to fund us
2-19
Motivation
because we will achieve these objectives/results
3-19
Evidence
9-12
10-12
Evidence
by this method 11-12
Elaboration
16-19
ElaborationSolutionhood
13-15
Condition
We will need total-time
Sequence14-15
SequenceWe will solve this problem
3-8
9
CANS: Computer Aided Narrative Support
Allows a user to create a generic narrative for a document type and build a RST tree for it
Questions asked by the tool prompt an author for document content
Can explore alternative narratives
Tool can be used to ‘get story straight’ and create an outline that best suits the document’s purpose