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Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 th , 2013 Pamela Reitsma, Christine Comeau & Catherine Oliver
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Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

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Page 1: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

Narragansett Bay CommissionNEWEA, January 28th, 2013

Pamela Reitsma, Christine Comeau & Catherine Oliver

Page 2: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

Narragansett Bay Commission Narragansett Bay Commission (NBC) is a quasi‐state agency which oversees the two largest WWTFs in Rhode Island: Bucklin Point in East Providence Field’s Point in Providence

Service Area: 10 municipalities 360,000 people served  8,000 commercial & industrial customers

Bucklin Point WWTF

Field’s Point WWTF

Page 3: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

Field’s Point Bucklin Point Average dry weather flow of 45.5 MGD Installing biological nitrogen removal 

(BNR) to meet seasonal 5 mg/L total nitrogen (TN) limit  Expected to be completed in 2014 Largest IFAS system to meet 5 mg/L

2012 TN seasonal average: 7.6 mg/L and 2,608 lbs. 

66 MG CSO tunnel, 38 CSOs &           80 miles of interceptors

Average dry weather flow of 23.9 MGD Comprehensive upgrade  in 2006 

UV disinfection BNR designed to 8 mg/L TN

Undergoing further construction to achieve 5 mg/L TN limit in 2014

2012 TN seasonal average: 6.4 mg/L and 954 lbs. 

26 CSOs, North Diversion Structure &       30 miles of interceptors

Page 4: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

Watershed Area:   1,853 mi2

60% in Massachusetts 40% in Rhode Island

Daily Freshwater Input (Rivers):    2.1 billion gallons

Daily Freshwater Input (All):     2.4 billion gallons

Largest Rivers Entering the Bay: Blackstone, Pawtuxet, Taunton

Population: Approximately 1.8 million 887,863 in Rhode Island 949,465 in Massachusetts

(http://www.savebay.org)

People living in the watershed contribute thousands of tons of nitrogen to the upper Bay annually by way of 35 WWTFs in Rhode Island and Massachusetts.

(http://www.nbep.org)

Page 5: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

The Concerns about Nitrogen• Limiting nutrient in the Bay • Excess nitrogen can cause rapid growth 

(blooms) of phytoplankton & algae• Blooms decompose, bacteria consumes 

O2, reducing Dissolved Oxygen (DO)• Hypoxia (< 2.9 mg/L DO)• Anoxia (0.0 mg/L DO)

• Hypoxia tends to occur:• hot, calm summer periods• water is “stratified” or layered• DO prevented from reaching bottom

• Fish kill in Greenwich Bay 2003 accelerated plans by RIDEM to initiate N reductions at WWTF’s

Page 6: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,
Page 7: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN)

*  Most readily bio‐available form of N for use in primary  production by plants & algae

Total Nitrogen (TN)

Total DissolvedNitrogen (TDN)

Dissolved Inorganic

Nitrogen (DIN)*

OrganicNitrogen

Nitrite(NO2

-)Nitrate(NO3

- )Ammonia

(NH4+)Diss. Organic

Nitrogen (DON)Particulate Organic

Nitrogen (PON)

Page 8: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,
Page 9: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

A “Grand Experiment” “Some who work on the bay are fond of saying that we are beginning 

a “grand experiment” to see how the bay will respond as it is weaned from almost a century of a high N diet. But in truth what we have embarked upon is an ecological adventure. We have no replicates, no controls, and many variables are changing simultaneously. We are also not testing any quantitative predications, except a general supposition that the concentrations of oxygen in the bottom water in the Upper bay will be less hypoxic for shorter periods and/or that hypoxia may be less frequent and cover a smaller area, and that less nuisance seaweed may accumulate on some of the beaches of the upper bay if N inputs are reduced”

“The various numerical models of the bay are not adequate to link changes in bottom water oxygen concentrations to N inputs in a rigorous way, so it appears that the approach will be to take out as much N from as many treatment facilities as the political, legal, economic, and engineering constraints will allow, and then see what happens to dissolved oxygen.”

‐Nixon, S.W. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Input into Narragansett Bay. Chapter 5. Science for Ecosystem‐Based  Management. Narragansett Bay in the 21st Century. Desbonnet, A. and Costa‐Pierce, B. eds. 2008. 

Page 10: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

NBC Monitoring Initiatives Bay and River nutrients Bay and River Fecal and Enterococci

Continuous water quality monitoring at 2 sites

Water column profiles Water clarity (Secchi disk) Surface water quality mapping

Phytoplankton Population For more info, visit: 

http://snapshot.narrabay.com/

Page 11: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

River Nutrient Stations Nutrients measured bi‐monthly at 15 sites in RI & MA rivers 

Total N loading – determined by using NBC nutrient results and USGS river flow data

Stations used in loading calculations based on where flow information is available: Blackstone River – Stateline Blackstone River – Slater Mill Moshassuck River – Mill Street Woonasquatucket River – Valley St Pawtuxet River Taunton River Ten Mile River Palmer River

Page 12: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

DIN Loading Largest contributor –Blackstone River (5261 lbs/day)

Higher concentration at Stateline, but lower flow

Pawtuxet & Taunton Rivers are similar (2586 & 2448 lbs/day)

Ten Mile River ‐ highest DIN concentration, but low flow (1.49 mg/L & 80 MGD)

Remainder of rivers – low flow & concentration

Page 13: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

Estimates of Percent Contribution DIN Load to Upper Bay

Data for these charts was collected between May 2006 and July 2012.

* After July 2011 Warren was included and Woonsocket was removed (because we started using more representative Slater Mill site on Blackstone rather than state line)

21%

12%

NBC 32%

10%15%

NBC 26% 24%

14%12%

11%

Fall River WWTFBP WWTFFP WWTFBlackstone RiverPawtuxet RiverTaunton RiverMoshassuck River

Woonasquatucket River

Ten Mile River

Palmer River

RI Point Sources = Bristol, EG, Blount, EP, Woonsocket

NBC 27%

23%

14%

11%12%

Page 14: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

NBC Bay Sampling Locations – 7 Bay Locations Purpose: address and understand the impacts that facility operations have on receiving waters

Piloted in 2005, in earnest in 2007 Nutrients measured bi‐monthly  Sampled:  surface & bottom Collect at various stages of the tidal cycle 

throughout the year Nutrient suite includes

Nitrite/nitrate Nitrite Total Dissolved Nitrogen Ammonia Orthophosphate Silicate Chlorophyll a Total Suspended Solids

More accurately determine the impact of NBC’s BNR systems & inform stakeholders

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Page 16: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,
Page 17: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

DIN 2012 Expected down Bay gradient, except…

Added new station –Pawtuxet Cove (0.57 mg/L)

Conimicut Point in GOOD category!!

Bullock’s Reach – very close to good category

What’s in store for Bay DIN after 2014??

Page 18: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

DIN Concentrations – Field’s Point & Bay(M

ay –Octob

er) (M

ay –October)

Page 19: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

DIN Concentrations – FP & Bay (no 2010 data)(M

ay –Octob

er)

Page 20: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

DIN Concentrations at Field’s Point and sampling sites south of FP May – October 2007 – 2012 (no 2010 data) FUTURE PREDICTIONS

Page 21: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

Bay Water Quality Only WQ criteria for the Bay is based on DO

Fixed site network monitors WQ in Bay

Northern half of the Bay is categorized as impaired for DO

Expanded area “At risk for DO impairment”

Page 22: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,
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What else causes hypoxia? No direct link b/t nutrients & hypoxia 

Many causes of hypoxia in the Bay Stratification Rainfall Reduced wind Hydrodynamics 

Does NBC data support any of these factors???

Stratification

Weather

Hydrodynamics

Page 24: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,
Page 25: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

Conclusions DIN concentrations reached GOOD category at Conimicut Point!!!

Field’s Point DIN strongly correlations with the DIN in Bay (Pomham Rocks, Edgewood Yacht Club, and Conimicut Point)

In 2014, reducing DIN from FP could result in DIN concentrations in the GOOD category at 3 Bay locations 

NO correlation b/t DIN & hypoxia at Bullock’s Reach

Rainfall strongly correlated with hypoxia at Bullock’s Reach (could weather/stratification play a stronger role than DIN?)

Upgrades at WWTFs will decrease DIN in the future, but will this impact hypoxia?? Could it have unforeseen impacts on bay dynamics??

Page 26: Narragansett Bay Commission NEWEA, January 28 2013snapshot.narrabay.com/app/Services/MossFile.ashx?file=/s/emda/sn… · from almost a century of a high N diet. But in ... ‐Nixon,

Thank you to EMDA & Laboratory staff!

For more info on NBC and it’s programs, please visit:

www.narrabay.com

http://snapshot.narrabay.com/ 

Questions??