Napoleonic Era- 1799-1814
Dec 17, 2015
Napoleonic Era-1799-1814
1799- Coup d’etat made Napoleon dictator
Napoleon I
Napoleon supported the ideas of the French Revolution:◦No feudalism or serfdom ◦Accepted the Declaration of the Rights of Man◦But…believed the French people should obey
ALL his policies.
Reorganized Government
Napoleon had unlimited powerFirst 5 years = Consulate
He commanded the army and navy He had the power to appoint or dismiss
government officials He could propose new laws The Legislative body could approve of reject
Napoleons laws He put the Constitution up to the vote of the plebiscite.
They voted for the Constitution
Napoleon’s Governmental Accomplishments
The Napoleonic Code- A law codeThe Bank of FrancePublic Education-elementary was supported
by local communities and the church-high school, universities and technical schools supported by the government
Concordat 1801-religious freedomUndid alliances of foreign enemiesMade France a peaceful, stable and
economically prosperous country
Napoleonic Code
1804-France becomes an Empire
Plebiscites vote to make France an empire and Napoleon becomes Emperor Napoleon
Pope came to put crown on Napoleon’s head but he grabbed it and put it on himself.
Signifying his power over the churches
War with Britain
France invades Great BritainVice Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats
France at seaFrance places a blockade on Great Britain
( Continental System) and Great Britain does the same to France
Reorganization of Europe
1809- France dominates Europe◦Treaties with Austria and Prussia◦Russia becomes an ally◦Napoleon rules the Netherlands and Spain◦He forces Denmark and the Papal States into an
alliance◦Abolished the Holy Roman Empire and unifies
Italy into the Kingdom of Italy under his control◦Placed family members as monarchs in
conquered countries
Napoleon like King Henry VIII?
Napoleons wife Josephine was unable to provide an heir.
Napoleon has marriage annulledNapoleon marries Marie-Louise of AustriaShe has a son- Napoleon II in 1811
Nationalism
Nationalism is extreme pride in one’s country= patriotism
Conquered territories see an increase in nationalism
Begin building armies to fight against France
Increased opposition of Napoleon’s rule
The Peninsular War 1808-1814
Iberian peninsula between Spain and Portugal
Portugal refuses to follow the Continental System
Napoleon sends in troops- drives out the king and then takes over Spain too.
Makes Joseph, his brother, the King of Spain
Duke Of Wellington
Great Britain sends the Duke of Wellington to help the Spain and Portugal defeat Napoleon
1813- Joseph driven out of SpainSpain writes a new Constitution with a
limited monarchy following the ideas of the French Revolution
Duke of Wellington
France Versus Russia
Russia an ally of France begins trading with Great Britain. Going against the Continental System
1812- Czar Alexander INapoleon sends troops to invade RussiaGathers 600,000 troops from all his
conquered territories= The Grand ArmyThe troops marched into Russia
Scorched-Earth policy
As the French troops would march into Russia, the Russian troops would retreat burning everything and anything the French troops could use.
France captures Moscow, but the Russian troops leave Moscow burning upon their retreat.
October 12, 1812 France retreats due to the cold and lack of supplies
Greatest Military Disaster
As Napoleon’s troops retreat the Russian army follows-invading the French territories.
Napoleon loses 2/3 of his troopsAll alliances are brokenOctober 1813-LeipzigThe allies defeat Napoleon1814- Allies capture Paris
Battle of Leipzig-1813
Napoleoans Defeat
Napoleon gives up claim to the French throne
Retire to the island of ElbaFrance’s monarchy is restored-Louis XVIII
100 Days of Napoleon
People of France are upset with the monarchy
March,1815- Napoleon returns to FranceTroops sent to catch him and they turn
and help himMarch 20- Napoleon captures Paris
Battle of Waterloo
Allies attack FranceThe Duke of Wellington defeats Napoleon
at the Battle of Waterloo
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleons Legend
Monarchy restored in FranceNapoleon asks to be sent to America but
instead they send him to the South PacificThe island of St. Helena where he will die
in 1821.1840-The remains of Napoleon will be laid
to rest in FranceNapoleon becomes a legend to the French
people
Napoleon’s Tomb
Napoleon’s Tomb in Paris