Nanotechnology

NanoNano FIBERSFIBERS Productions Productions And Its And Its Applications Applications

BYYagnanarayana.K

Anil kumar .J

“Nanotechnology is the art and science ofmanipulating matter at the nanoscale”

What is NanoNanotechnologytechnology?

A nanometer is…– one billionth of a meter

How Small Is NanoNanoscale?

Human Hair: Approx. 1x105 nmDNA Sample: Approx. 2 nm

Nano tech

• Nano tech is the design characterization production and application structures, devices and system by controlling shape & size at the nano scale.

• This technology that can work at the Molecular level, atom by atom to create large structures with improved molecular organization.

SYNTHESIS OF NANOPHASE MATERIALS

There are 2 ways in synthesis of Nano phase materials they are: Top down approach

•Bottom up approach

• Top down approach involving breaking down the bulk materials to nano sizes (Eg. Mechanical alloying)

• Bottom up approach the nano particles also made by building atom by atom (Eg. Inert gas condensation)

Techniques for synthesizing of nano phase materials

• Mechanical alloying

• Inert gas condensation

• Sol-gel technique

• Electro spinning method

• Plasma and laser processing spraying

Among these techniques electro-spinning techniques has been proved successfully for industrial production

Nano tech in textile

Nano tech research efforts in textile have focused on 2 main areas

1.Upgrading existing functions and performance of textile materials

2. Developing intelligent textiles with completely new characteristics and functions

NANO FIBERS

• In general, the nano fibers are taken to be the fibers between 100-500 nm in diameter.

• Fibers have nano scale diameters including high surface area to volume ratio film thinness, porous structure, lighter weight, desired level of modulus of elasticity and etc.,

• These value added nano fibers used effectively in medicals, filters, liners for toxic chemical protective, protective fabrics, tissue scaffolds, drug delivery and many other advance applications.

PRODUCTION OF NANO FIBERS

• Melt blown- Drawing the fibers formed in a spinnerate by a stream of hot air is a method known as melt blown, which yields micro fibers of ca 1000-2000 nm

• Multicomponent - Dissolving polymer matrix of the islands-in-the-sea bi- component fibers yield sub- micrometer in diameters fibers

Principle and Process of electro spinning

•Electro spinning is unique approach using electrostatic forces to produce fibers.

• In the electro spinning process a high voltage is used to create an electrically charged stream of polymer solution or melt.

• A high voltage electrode is linked with the polymer solution.

• The solution is then spun thorough a capillary and grounded collector, Taylor cone is formed at the tip of capillary producing sub-micron diameter fibers.

• Fibers solidify as the polymer solvent and create an interlinked fiber layer of the surface of collector.

POLYMER-SOLVENTSThe polymer is usually dissolved in suitable solvent and spun from solution.

•POLYMER SOLVENTS Nylon 6 and nylon 66 Formic Acid Polyacrylonitrile Dimethyl formaldehyde PET Trifluoroacetic acid/Dimethyl chloride PVA Water Polystyrene DMF/Toluene Nylon-6-co-polyamide Formic acid Polybenzimidazole Dimethyl acetamide Polyramide Sulfuric acid Polyimides Phenol

Basically the nano fibers produced by three methods Type of spinning Fiber type Fiber size (microns) Fiber size range (denier)

•Electro spinning Electro spun 0.04 to 2 0.00002 to 0.006 nano fibers

• Melt blown fibers Spun bond fibers 2 to 10 0.03 to 1

• Multi-component

fiber spinning Melt blowing technique 15 to 40 1.5 to 12

Denier calculation based on fiber specific gravity =1, specific gravity values of common polymer fibers range 0.92 (P.P), to 1.14 (Nylon6,6) to 1.38 (PET)

Types of nanofiber produced using Electrospinning

Cellulosic fibrePolyester

nylon

ELECTRO SPINNING OF CELLULOSE• The technique of electro – spinning cellulose of the nano scale

involves the use of solvent.

• The cellulose is dissolved in the solvent; the liquid polymer solution is then squeezed through a tiny pinhole where a high voltages applied.

• The charge pulls the polymer solution through the air into tiny fibers, which is collected on an electrical group.

• The fiber produced is less than hundred nanometers in diameter, which is thousand times smaller than unconventional spinning.

• This process made it possible to produce high performance materials from reclaimed cellulose materials.

NYLON NANOFIBERS:

•Toray industries Inc. has developed fibers with hydroscopic properties better than those of cotton.

•The fiber consists of extremely fine nylon measuring several tens of nanometers.

POLYESTER NANOFIBERS:

•It is covered with a special film, which is tens of nanometers thick.

•There is an increase in hydroscopic properties by of thirty.

CARBON NANOFIBERS

•It is an ordered array of carbon atoms that can have tensile strength up to 50 times that of steel.

•They have diameters of about 50-200nm and can be classified as:

• Single walled carbon nanofibers /tubes – they are single cylindrical structures.

• Multi walled carbon nanofibers \ tubes – they are formed of SWNTS covered with more of this kind of cylindrical structures.

Applications Of

NanoNanotechnology

– Targeted Drug Delivery

– Artificial Retina

– Tissue Regeneration

Nanotechnology in life science

Nanotechnology in Drugs(Cancer)

• Provide new options for drug delivery and drug therapies.

• Enable drugs to be delivered to precisely the right location in the body and release drug doses on

a predetermined schedule for optimal treatment.

• Attach the drug to a nanosized carrier.

• They become localized at the disease site, i.e cancer tumor.

• Then they release medicine that kills the tumour.

– Nano Transistors

– Nano Diodes

– OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode)

Nanotechnology in electronics

– Batteries

– Fuel Cells

– Solar Cells

Nanotechnology in energy

– Nano Tubes

– Aerogel

– Nano Particles

Nanotechnology in materials

Nanotechnology in Fabrics some clothing manufacturers are

making water and stain repellent clothing using nano-sized whiskers in the fabric that cause water to bead up on the surface.

In manufacturing bullet proof jackets. Making spill & dirt resistant,

antimicrobial, antibacterial fabrics.

Advantages

Materials

• Stronger• Lighter• Durable• Precise

Industrial

•Computers can become a billion times faster and a million times smaller

•Automatic Pollution Cleanup

Medical

•End of Illnesses

•Universal Immunity

•Body Sculpting

Future of

NanoNanotechnology

Future Of Nanotechnology

• Nanotechnology with all its challenges and opportunities will become a part of our future. The researchers are optimistic for the products based upon this technology.

• Nanotechnology is slowly but steadily ushering in the new industrial revolution.

ConclusionConclusion

Thank you!!t