2371-8 Advanced Workshop on Energy Transport in Low-Dimensional Systems: Achievements and Mysteries Ali SHAKOURI 15 - 24 October 2012 Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University West Lafayette U.S.A. Nanoscale Thermal and Thermoelectric Characterization Techniques
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2371-8
Advanced Workshop on Energy Transport in Low-Dimensional Systems: Achievements and Mysteries
Ali SHAKOURI
15 - 24 October 2012
Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University West Lafayette
U.S.A.
Nanoscale Thermal and Thermoelectric Characterization Techniques
N l Th l dNanoscale Thermal and Thermoelectric CharacterizationThermoelectric Characterization
Techniques
Thermal Transport in Low DimensionThermal Transport in Low Dimension
Hot Cold
Measuring Power and Temperature from Real P ThProcessors The
Next Generation Software (NGS) Workshop (NGS08),
http://masc.cse.ucsc.edu
0
S b k 1 22ASnapback current =1.22A.
IRPS
atu
re
emp
era
ativ
e Te
Time (ps)
Rel
a
Time (ps)
World Marketed Energy Use1990-2035
13TW 2050: 25 30TW13TW 2050: 25-30TW
CO2 Emission Goals (2000-2100)
IPCC
P l ti (billi )Population (billions)
World Energy Use in 2005 (15TW)
Energy
Direct Conversion of Heat into ElectricityDirect Conversion of Heat into Electricity
ElectricalHot Cold
TVS
Seebeck coefficient(1821)
V~ S T
Electrical ConductorT(1821)
2
V~ S T
2
2
kSZ Rload = RTE internal
)()()( 2
tyconductivithermaltyconductivielectricalSeebeckZ
Power Generation Efficiencies
K. Yazawa and A. Shakouri, J. Appl. Phys. 111, 024509 (2012)
Measuring voltage at nanometer scale
Measuring temperature at nanometer scale
Measuring heat flow at nanometer scale
M th d P i i lMethod Principle
Micro-thermocouple
Infrared Thermography
Liquid CrystalLiquid Crystal Thermography
Hot ElectronHot ElectronCold Electron
1 m
Si (10nm)
Appl. Phys. Lett.
Si (10nm)
Si0.89Ge0.1C0.01
Proceedings of IEEE
Si/SiGe Micro refrigerator on a chip
CathodeCathode
1 micron
BarrierMetallic
contact for top
connection
Anode
connection
100 i100 microns
Applied Physics Lett.
Micro thermocouple measurements: Cooling vs. Current
Thermal imaging of nanostructures with a scanning fluorescent particle as a probeThermal imaging of nanostructures with a scanning fluorescent particle as a probe
Many dipoles randomly oriented
Simplicity APL 83 147 (2003)APL, 83, 147 (2003)
Infrared excitation :emission and absorption lines well separated
HOW CAN WE DEDUCE THE TEMPERATURE ? HOW CAN WE DEDUCE THE TEMPERATURE ?
E / Yb iPL spectrum of Er / Yb doped particles
Er / Yb ionsPL spectrum of Er / Yb doped particles
4F7/22H11/2H11/24S3/2 (980 nm)
(550 nm)(527 nm)
(980 nm)
).
exp(TkE
II
yellow
green
4I15/2
Thermal imaging using Fluorescence NanoparticlesThermal imaging using Fluorescence Nanoparticles
Thin Film Thermal Conductivity MeasurementThin Film Thermal Conductivity Measurement
Rev. Sci. Instrum
L 2b
Thin FilmMetal line
L 2b• I ~ 1
• T ~ I2 ~ 2• R T 2
V
I0 sin( t)Substrate
• R ~ T ~ 2• V~ IR ~3
sLbkPdi
bD
kLPT
242ln
21ln
21)2( 2
fs LbkbkL 2422
David Cahill, UIUC, 2003
Modulated & delayed femtosecond laser pulse used as a PumpModulated & delayed femtosecond laser pulse used as a Pump.A Probe beam measures reflectivity variation on the surfaceThe lock-in amplifier gives the In-phase (Vin) and Out-of-phase (Vout) signals.
d)
mal
ized
R (
no
rm
Time (ps)Time (ps)
Thermal Transport in Carbon NanotubesThermal Transport in Carbon Nanotubes
Postdocs/Graduate Students: Kerry Maize, Hiro Onishi, Tela Favaloro, Phil Jackson, Oxana Pantchenko, Amirkoushyar Ziabari, Bjorn V h J H B hk Y R i K hVermeersch, Je-Hyeong Bahk, Yee Rui Koh
Collaborators: John Bowers, Art Gossard (UCSB), Tim Sands, Yue Wu (Purdue), Rajeev Ram (MIT), Venky Narayanamurti (Harvard), Arun ( ), j ( ), y y ( ),Majumdar (Berkeley/ARPA-E), Josh Zide (Delaware), Lon Bell (BSST), Yogi Joshi, Andrei Federov (Georgia Tech), Kevin Pipe (Michigan), Stefan Dilhaire (Bordeaux), Natalio Mingo (CEA), Mike Isaacson, Sriram Shastry, Joel Kubby, Ronnie Lipschutz, Melanie Dupuis, Ben Crow, Steve Kang (UCSC), Bryan Jenkins, Susan Kauzlarich (Davis)
Alumni: Younes Ezzahri (Prof. Univ. Poitier), Daryoosh Vashaee (Prof. ( ), y (Oklahoma State), Zhixi Bian (Adj. Prof. UCSC), Mona Zebarjadi (Prof. Rutgers), Yan Zhang (Tessera), Rajeev Singh (PV Evolutions), James Christofferson (Microsanj), Kazuhiko Fukutani (Canon), Je-Hyoung Park (Samsung) , Javad Shabani (postdoc, Harvard), Xi Wang (InterSil), Helene Michel (CEA), Gilles Pernot (Bordeaux), Ramin Sadeghian (H2scan), Shila Alavi (UCSC ASL), Tammy Humphrey, David Hauser