nanoparticles - johnmorrisgroup.com of the size by varying flow rate. ... and microreactor technology for the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles ... Gold nanoparticle synthesis for

Syrris - High quality, control and precision in nanochemistry

nanoparticlesautomated systems for

nanoparticle synthesis

Why choose Syrris for nanoparticle synthesis?

• Narrow particle size distribution: Excellent mixing and temperature control leads to improved homogeneity of particle size

• Rapid nanoparticle optimization: Process conditions such as temperature, time, mixing, reagent ratios and concentrations can be quickly varied

• Reproducibility and automation: Additions, mixing, temperature, etc. can be fully controlled in automated fashion for seamless reproducibility

• Easy to use: All products can be assembled, maintained and cleaned without tools

• Simple scale up: Large range of reactor sizes (batch) and flow rates (continuous flow) provides the tools for moving from small scale process optimization to production

• Nanoparticles not possible by other means: Nanoparticles previously unseen using batch techniques can be obtained in microreactors due to the high level of control

nanoparticles

Types of nanoparticles 4

Overview of nanochemistry 6

Key options for nanoparticle synthesis 8-9

Batch chemistry systems 10

Flow chemistry systems 11

Case studies

Nickel nanocubes, pyramids and tetrapods 12

Gold nanoparticle synthesis 13

Quantum dots (iron oxide core with gold shell) 14

Platinum nanoparticle synthesis 15

Syrris offers a wide range of innovative batch and flow reactors for nanoparticle synthesis. The award-winning systems, designed by chemists for chemists, present multiple benefits:

Examples of nanoparticles

The list below shows a selection of nanoparticles synthesized in Syrris reactor systems and the unique advantages they have offered:

• Nickel nanocubes: Ability to accurately select desired shape.

High quality material obtained.

• Silver nanowires: Excellent monodispersity. Improved electric

conductivity property.

• Gold nanocrystals: Smaller average particle size obtained in flow.

Easy process optimization.

• Silica beads: Narrow size distribution. High reproducibility.

• Platinum nanoparticles deposited on carbon fibers:

Synthesis and deposition performed in one cycle.

Control of the size by varying flow rate.

• Cadmium selenide quantum dots: Synthesis, capping and functionalization done in

one continuous process. Large scale synthesis.

• Superparamagnetic iron nanoparticles:

Small particle size. Fast throughput.

• Nickel tetrapods: Previously unreported shape. Only seen

in microreactors.

• Titanium oxide nanoparticles: Faster synthesis. Excellent yields.

• And many more...

For more examples, visit: www.syrris.com/news/syrris-in-publications

overview of nanoparticle synthesis

Nanochemistry includes the synthesis, characterization and reaction of materials at nanoscale.

Nanoparticles can offer a wide range of advantages over regular materials including unique or superior properties such as magnetic, optical, physical, electric, etc.

Control of process parameters in nanochemistry is essential to ensure the desired shape, size, composition, surface structure and thus desired properties.

Key synthesis parameters include temperature, mixing, concentrations and reaction time.

Key options for nanoparticle synthesis

Technique Description Advantages

BATCH

FLOW

• Classic way to do chemistry

• Reagents are loaded into the reactor,

mixed and left to react

• The products are collected at the end,

after the reaction has been completed

and worked-up.

• Key factors: concentration, mixing,

temperature, reaction time

• New technique

• Reagent streams are continuously

pumped into the flow reactor

• Reagents mix and react in the flow

reactor

• The product leaves the reactor as a

continuous stream

• Key factors: residence time (flow rates),

mixing, pressure, temperature

Batch rectors

Multiple sensors can be used for control (temperature, pH, turbidity, etc...), ü

No particle size restrictions üEasy scale-up ü

Flow reactors

Fast and reproducible mixing ü

Excellent heat transfer and accurate temperature control ü

Suitable for optimization and product on same system ü

For more advantages in batch synthesis, visit:

www.syrris.com/batch-products

For more advantages in flow synthesis, visit:

www.syrris.com/flow-products

Systems

automated

flow chemistry

africa

Asia Flow ChemistryThe future of flow chemistry. An award winning modular system.

Africa Flow ChemistryA fully automated, flexible and easy-to-use microreactor system

Atlas Chemical ReactorsA range of modular, fully automated

chemistry systems for processes in jacketed reactors, flasks or vials

Globe Jacketed ReactorsA jacketed chemical reactor system

from 50ml to 5L that saves time, money and space

globereactions

made easy

Asia is an award-winning range of flow chemistry products from Syrris. It has been designed by chemists for chemists to enable the widest variety of chemical reactions and ultimate ease of use. Experiments can be manually controlled or fully automated.

Atlas is a revolutionary range of modular products, which can form a wide range of lab reactors. Atlas offers manual or automated control of one or many reactions at a time with volumes from 5 litres to 1ml in jacketed reactors, flasks or vials.

Asia PumpFlow rate: 1μl - 10ml/min Smooth pumping for accurate control of stoichiometry and residence timeAutomated blockage detection and shut down

Asia Pressurized Input StoreThis enables the use of air sensitive reagents and eliminates bubbles when pumping

Asia Reagent InjectorFast process optimization using small samples

Asia Product CollectorContinuous collection of one or many nanoparticle samples

Glass microreactors62.5μl, 250μl, 1mlControlled from -15°C to +250°CExcellent reproducible mixing and heat transfer

Asia Pressure ControllerAutomatically pressurizes the reaction up to 20 bar allowing temperatures 100-150°C above atmospheric boiling point

Tube reactors Fluoropolymer or stainless steel4ml, 16mlUp to 250°CIdeal for scale-up

Temperature control from -90°C to +250°C

Jacketed reactors from 50ml to 5L from process optimization to small-scale production

Wide range of sensors available: temperature, pH, pressure, turbidity, FTIR

Wide range of stirrer shapes with speeds up to 2000 rpm

Safety auto shutdown, alarms and controls based on sensors

Accurate automated dosing and sampling of liquids

Temperature control with Hotplate up to +350°C

Self-aligning overhead stirring up to 800 rpm

Stacking Dry Bath for heating of flasks from 50ml to 2L

Capability to run step by step process

Example Atlas Systems Example Asia SystemLearn more at www.syrris.com/batch-products Learn more at www.syrris.com/flow-products

Pressures from vacuum to 3 bar (glass) or 200 bar (metal)

The intelligent base allows direct control, automated experiments without a PC or full software control

Full data logging

Case study 1: Fast synthesis of nickel nanocubes, pyramids and tetrapods

Bar Ilan University, a world leader in nanotechnology, uses Syrris Asia and microreactor technology for the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles in a continuous flow fashion.

Nickel nanoparticles are synthesized by thermal decomposition of a of Ni(COD)

2 in the presence of 1-hexadecylamine in a Syrris

glass microreactor. The accurate control of mixing, residence time and temperature control achieved in a Syrris microreactor enables selective synthesis of different shapes of nickel nanocrystals (spheres, rod, triangles, cubes, tetrapods).

Case study 2: Gold nanoparticle synthesis for biotechnology application

Biotechnology company Midatech Biogune is taking advantage of Syrris Atlas Potassium reactor systems to produce custom-made functionalized gold nanoparticles for medical use.

Midatech use a Brust like method where a solution of HAuCl4 is reduced

by addition of NaBH4. The Atlas system enables accurate temperature

and pH control with automatic addition of the reducing agent using an Atlas Pump. This ensures excellent reproducibility and complete automation.

Batch Chemistry System

Atlas jacketed reactors plus the Atlas syringe pump are used to enable accurate temperature and pH control for gold nanoparticle synthesis

Flow Chemistry System

Asia 210 is an ideal flow chemistry system for the synthesis of nanoparticles

“Each route has the ability to yield a preferential shape based on

kinetic control of crystal growth. Tetrapods are obtained only in a

microfluidic reactor.”

Meital Shviro and David Zitoun, RSC Adv., 2013, 3, 1380–1387

“Our Atlas Potassium reactors, with pH control and an Atlas Syringe

Pump XL, have allowed us to scale-up production, enabling variables

such as pH and temperature to be tightly controlled.

It is a reliable and reproducible reactor system that is well assembled,

compact and portable, and performs exactly as we were told it would.”

Justin Barry, CEO of Midatech Biogune

Case Study 3: Quantum dots (Iron oxide core with gold shell) Case Study 4: Platinum nanoparticle synthesis and deposition on carbon fibers

Argentinian National Institute of Industrial Technologies was investigating the ideal technology for synthesizing quantum dots. They were interested in controlling the size of the iron oxide nanoparticle core as this is a critical parameter which dictates the paramagnetic properties of the particles.

The Fe2O

3 nanoparticles were synthesized by oxidation of a Fe

3O

4

solution using ammonium hydroxide. The reaction was performed on a Syrris Asia 310 system in a glass microreactor, enabling precise control and reproducibility of reaction temperature and mixing.

The second step of the process (encapsulating in gold shell) can be subsequently performed using a second microreactor in completely automated and continuous fashion.

“We trialled our nanoparticle experiments on the Asia flow chemistry

system during a visit to Syrris’ UK facilities, and immediately placed

an order for our own system to optimize the speed and results of our

synthesis workflow.”

Paulina Lloret, Researcher at INTI

AGH University of Science and Technology in Poland used Syrris flow chemistry technology to perform several steps in one continuous process allowing synthesis, stabilization and deposition of nanoparticles in one cycle.

A glass microreactor is used for making platinum nanoparticles with a 3.5-5nm diameter. The starting mixture of Pt (IV) is reduced with sodium borohydride then polvinyl alcohol stabilizer is added and finally the particles are deposited on active carbon fibers.

The effortless control of reaction temperature and residence time allows to selectively form nanoparticles of either 3.5nm or 5nm average size.

“The synthesis of PtNPs and their deposition on ACFs is possible in

a short time, in one cycle. The use of a microreactor, besides making

easier catalyst production, also has many advantages compared to

the batch system, such as better mixing, mass and heat transport.”

Magdalena Luty-Blocho, Marek Wojnicki, Krzysztof Paclawski & Krzysztof Fitzner, Chemical Engineering Journal 226, 2013, 46-51

See this reaction being performed, visit: www.syrris.com/videos/flow-chemistry-videos

Syrris Inc. (North America)T: 617 848 2997E: [email protected]: www.syrris.com

Syrris Ltd. (Europe and Rest of World)T: +44 (0)1763 242555E: [email protected]: www.syrris.com

Syrris Japan, Inc.T: 045 263 8211E: [email protected]: www.syrris.co.jp

Syrris IndiaT: +91 22 2686 4410E: [email protected]: www.syrris.com

Syrris BrasilT: +55 11 5083 4963E: [email protected]: www.syrris.com.br

Syrris chemistry systems and micromixers are ideally suited to nanochemistry, including nanoparticle synthesis.

Syrris’ network of offices in the UK, USA, Japan, India and Brazil plus over 35 distributors worldwide offer local service and support.

Contact us now at:

www.syrris.com

V1.0