ALKANES 1. Draw structural formula for: a) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane b) 3,4-diethylheptane See 4. a) See 4. b) c) 3-methylheptane d) 4-ethyl-3-methylheptane See 4. c) See 4. d) e) 3-chloro-2-methylhexane f) 2-chloro-2-methylpentane See 4. e) See 4. f) g) 4-bromo-5-iodo-2,2,3-trimethylhexane h) 5,6-dichloro-3-ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctane See 4. g) See 4. h) 2. Draw and name 3 isomers of C 5 H 12 . • have the same chemical formula, but different structures – different branching. n - pentane 2 – methylbutane 2,2-dimethylpropane 3. Which compound has the higher melting point: propane or pentane? Explain. n – pentane has the higher melting point as the molecule can pack closer together causing stronger London Dispersion forces. More energy is needed to overcome these forces and allow the molecules to move further apart and melt. C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
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2. a) Rank the following from substances from strongest to weakest intermolecular forces.
CH4 Cl2 CH3Cl
LD LD LD, D-D
ΔEN = 0.4 ΔEN = 0 ΔEN = 0.5
weak weakest strongest
b) What features must a molecule have to exhibit the above attractive forces?
Non-polar molecule – non-polar bond or symmetrical shape – LD only
Polar molecule – polar bond(s) and a nonsymmetrical shape – LD and D-D
c) What type of intermolecular attraction would occur between identical molecules of the following?
CH3Cl CH2CH2
D-D LD
CH3CH3 CH3OH CH3CH2OH
LD HB HB
3. Are ammonia (NH3) and water miscible? Explain
Yes, ammonia will dissolve in water as both are polar molecules and the dipoles will attract each other.
4. Indicate which compound in the following pairs would have the higher boiling point and greater water
solubility. Explain your order.
a)
HB D-D
Higher b.p.
Greater H2O solubility
b)
LD D-D
Higher b.p.
Greater H2O solubility
c) CH3CH2CH2Cl vs CH3CH2CH3
D-D LD
Higher b.p.
Greater H2O solubility
CH3 CH2 OH CH3 CH
O
vs
CH3 CH2 CH3 vs CH3 C CH3
O
BALANCING SKELETAL EQUATIONS
Balance the following skeletal equations:
a) 2 Li + 2 H2O 2 LiOH + H2
b) 2 Mg + Pb(SO4)2 2 MgSO4 + Pb
c) FeSO4 + 2 HCN Fe(CN)2 + H2SO4
d) 3 H2S + Al2(CO3)3 Al2S3 + 3 H2O + 3 CO2
e) 2 H3PO4 + 3 Ca(OH)2 Ca3(PO4)2 + 6 H2O
f) Na2O + H2O 2 NaOH
g) 4 Fe + 3 O2 2 Fe2O3
h) 2 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 + 3 H2O
i) C12H22O11 + 12 O2 12 CO2 + 11 H2O
BALANCING WORD EQUATIONS
Balance the following word equations:
j) iron + oxygen iron (III) oxide
4 Fe + 3 O2 2 Fe2O3
k) sodium chlorate sodium chloride + oxygen
2 NaClO3 2 NaCl + 3 O2
l) copper (II) oxide + hydrogen copper + water
CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
m) sodium hydroxide + carbon dioxide sodium carbonate + water
2 NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 + H2O
n) hydrogen + nitrogen ammonia
3 H2 + N2 2 NH3
o) tin (IV) oxide + carbon tin + carbon monoxide
SnO2 + 2 C Sn + 2 CO
p) calcium chloride calcium + chlorine
CaCl2 Ca + Cl2
A) Synthesis Reactions For each of the following, complete and give the Balanced Chemical equation: 1. sodium + iodine sodium iodide
2 Na (s) + I2 (s) 2 NaI (s)
2. carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide
C (s) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)
3. carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid
CO2 (g) + H2O (l) H2CO3 (aq)
4. calcium + oxygen calcium oxide
2 Ca (s) + O2 (g) 2 CaO (s)
5. dinitrogen pentoxide + water nitric acid
N2O5 (g) + H2O (l) 2 HNO3 (aq)
6. calcium oxide + water calcium hydroxide
2 CaO (s) + H2O (l) Ca(OH)2 (aq)
7. sodium oxide + sulfur trioxide sodium sulfate
Na2O (s) + SO3 (g) Na2SO4 (s)
B) Decomposition Reactions
8. carbonic acid carbon dioxide + water
H2CO3 (l) CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
9. copper (II) carbonate
heat
copper (II) oxide + carbon dioxide
CuCO3 (s) CuO (s) + CO2 (g)
10. sodium bicarbonate
heat
sodium oxide + carbon dioxide + water
2 NaHCO3 (s) Na2O (s) + 2 CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
11. magnesium chloride
iselectrolys magnesium + chlorine
MgCl2 (s) Mg (s) + Cl2 (g)
C) Single Displacement Reactions For each of the following, complete and give the Balanced Chemical equation: 1. nickel + copper (II) nitrate sol’n nickel (II) nitrate sol’n + copper
D) Double Displacement Reactions NOTE: Due to lack of space, assume all products and reactants are solutions (aq) unless
otherwise stated For each of the following, complete and give the Balanced Chemical equation: 1. silver nitrate + iron (III) chloride silver chloride solid + iron (III) nitate