Naming Acids

Naming AcidsNaming Acids

Objectives: Objectives: To learn how the To learn how the anion composition determines the anion composition determines the

acid’s name.acid’s name.

What is an Acid?What is an Acid?

• An acid is a substance that when dissolved in water, produces the H+ ion.

• These substances, which are called acids, were first recognized by the sour taste of their solutions.

Acids make hydrogen ions in waterAcids make hydrogen ions in water

• When acids are put into water they split into ions

• Any compound that makes the H+ ion is considered an acid

How do I know if a How do I know if a compound is an acid?compound is an acid?

• The best way is to look at the formula of a couple of acids and see what they have in common.

• Common acids include: • HCl H2SO4 H3PO4 HF H2S• What do they have in common?• They start with the element hydrogen

ExceptionsExceptions

• H2O is not an acid

• H2 is the element hydrogen. It isn’t a acid either.

• On your paper circle the compounds that are acids

Acids with ions ending in -ideAcids with ions ending in -ide

• All acids have anions. Identify the anions that are contained in the acids below.

• HCl _______________________ • HBr ____________________ • HCN ____________________

Binary AcidsBinary Acids

• List the rules for naming acids of this type (ions that end in –ide)

• 1. Say hydro- • 2. Then say the stem Cl- chlor Br- -brom

F- -fluor S2- -sulfur and so on …• 3. Then say acid

How are acids named?How are acids named?

• Start by observing that there are two different kinds of acids.

• -ide ending -ate or -ite ending

Naming acids without Naming acids without oxygen in themoxygen in them

• Name HCl• H Cl• Hydro chlor ic acid• Hydrochloric acid• Name HBr• H Br• Hydro brom ic acid• Hydrobromic acid

Identify the polyatomic ions that are Identify the polyatomic ions that are contained in the acids below contained in the acids below

• HNO3 • Nitrate• HNO2

• Nitrite• HClO3 • Chlorate• HClO2

• Chlorite

Separate the ions into -ate and -iteSeparate the ions into -ate and -ite• HNO3 • Nitrate• HNO2

• Nitrite• HClO3 • Chlorate• HClO2

• Chlorite

• When naming acids that contain polyatomic ions whose names end in –ate

• 1st change the –ate to ______________ and then say _________________

• When naming acids that contain polyatomic ions whose names end in –ite

• 1st change the –ite to ______________ and then say _________________

• Name the acids below using the rules I just taught you.

• HNO3 ________________________

• HNO2 __________________________

• HClO3 _________________________

• HClO2 _________________________

Name the acidsName the acids

• HCN • hydrocyanic acid• H2C2O4

• Oxalic acid

• Name the acids below using the rules I just taught you.

• HCl

• H2CO3

• HNO2

• HC2H3O2

• HBr

HH22SOSO44 and H and H33POPO44

• SO42- is sulfate. PO4

3- is phosphate. However, H2SO4 is sulfuric acid not sulfic acid and H3PO4 is phosphoric not phosphic acid.

Here are some polyatomic ions that Here are some polyatomic ions that are not on page 100are not on page 100

• BrO4- Perbromate

• BrO3- Bromate

• IO3- is Iodate

• PO33- is phosphite

• C2O42- is oxalate