Named Data Networking: Setting the Stage for 5G · 2018. 4. 1. · Named Data Networking (NDN) The most disruptive approach to ICN ð§Based on earlier ˝Content Centric Networking

Named Data Networking:Setting the Stage for 5G

Navneet Agarwal, Architect,

CTO Office, Cisco Services

1st Sept, 2014

GISFI Brainstorming Workshop, New Delhi

ICT as Information Super Highway…

Entry cost are coming down… Indian manufacturer Intex Hails $33

Smartphone as 'New Era' for India 115 Hadoop machine cluster: $0.66/hr

(Amazon EC2)

Consumers prefer content!! 61% of consumers say they feel better

about a company that delivers customcontent, they are also more likely to buyfrom that company

In the 15 minutes it takes me to do thispresentation, the amount of informationbeing generated by the human race willhave expanded by about 20 petabytes

Explosive growth in devices... India’s smartphone grew at 186% as per IDC

Cisco Confidential 2© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Entry cost are coming down… Indian manufacturer Intex Hails $33

Smartphone as 'New Era' for India 115 Hadoop machine cluster: $0.66/hr

(Amazon EC2)

Consumers prefer content!! 61% of consumers say they feel better

about a company that delivers customcontent, they are also more likely to buyfrom that company

In the 15 minutes it takes me to do thispresentation, the amount of informationbeing generated by the human race willhave expanded by about 20 petabytes

Explosive growth in devices... India’s smartphone grew at 186% as per IDC

Escalating Content growth… Amazon Buys Twitch: 55m visitors, 15b min of

content Facebook : has 40 PB of data and captures

100 TB / day

What will make 5G happen? (eventually!)

Market Evolution – content demand, diverse usagemodels, IoE, M2M, etc

Market Evolution – content demand, diverse usagemodels, IoE, M2M, etc

Business Model Shifts – new value model (Amazon,Netflix, etc)CapexOpex; HWSW





Technology Advancements – virtualization; cloudorchestration;Big Data / Analytics,

…

Technology Advancements – virtualization; cloudorchestration;Big Data / Analytics,

…

Cloud Technologies (Virtualization andOrchestration) will play a formative role in defining5G

Cloud is all about providing flexibility, scalability, adaptability

Emphasis on operational simplicity – orchestration and services

Complex Network environments often chaotic to manage under stress

Virtualization not a solution in itself; Virtualized chaos == chaos

Goal: Mask network complexity Expose network Intelligence


Cloud is all about providing flexibility, scalability, adaptability

Emphasis on operational simplicity – orchestration and services

Complex Network environments often chaotic to manage under stress

Virtualization not a solution in itself; Virtualized chaos == chaos

Goal: Mask network complexity Expose network Intelligence

Potential 5G TechnologiesThe usual suspects

Potential Technology Description Target Benefits

Millimeter-wave technology Using 30 - 60 GHz frequency range for shortrange access

Massive amount of spectrum can be used toprovide very high data rates in/outdoors

High-order MIMO 16 or more antenna elements in active array Capacity increase through high-order MU-MIMOfor high user densities and low mobility

Waveform enhancements e.g. FDM with non-sinc pulses for sharperfrequency domain roll-off

• <10% SE gain from reduced guard band• Possibly lower PAPR

• Cost reduction• Improved flexibility to meet needs of

different services/mobility

• Cost reduction• Improved flexibility to meet needs of different

services/mobility


services/mobility





services/mobility


services/mobility




services/mobility


services/mobility




services/mobility


services/mobility

Ultra Wideband Radios Radios that span multiple bands • Cost reduction for radio• Flexible spectrum utilization

Connectionless / random-access data inembedded narrow band with smart wakeup

Allow devices to send short data bursts withoutelaborate signaling procedures

• SE gain for large number of MTC devices• Substantial improvement in battery life for

sporadic communication

Potential 5G Technologies+ one not-so-usual suspect

Potential Technology Description Target Benefits

Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) Partition eNB into Tx/Rx and L1-3processing functions; co-locateprocessing functions for many cells in onelocations

Lower opex.Improve performance via broader optionset for inter-cell coordination, Mu-MIMO,etc.Increased flexibility for air-interfaceevolution/disruption.Potentially reshape the RAN ecosystem.


Partition eNB into Tx/Rx and L1-3processing functions; co-locateprocessing functions for many cells in onelocations

Lower opex.Improve performance via broader optionset for inter-cell coordination, Mu-MIMO,etc.Increased flexibility for air-interfaceevolution/disruption.Potentially reshape the RAN ecosystem.

Information-Centric Networking&

Named-Data-Networking (NDN)

New model for the internet designed forinformation delivery rather that datatransport; caching integrated into thenetwork layer

Simple, Fast, efficient, secure, authorizedretrieval of information and content

Information Centric Networking (ICN)Many Formulations with some common themes

Focus on the access to and exchange of information objects rather thancommunication between hosts

Make storage an explicit element in the network. It becomes a “1st -classcitizen” in networking, along with communication and computation.

Secure the information that is exchanged, not the channel over which it iscarried


Many Formulations with some common themes

Focus on the access to and exchange of information objects rather thancommunication between hosts

Make storage an explicit element in the network. It becomes a “1st -classcitizen” in networking, along with communication and computation.

Secure the information that is exchanged, not the channel over which it iscarried

Incremental Disruptive

Add secure objectsto web

Add secure objectsto web

Add Publish/SubscribePrimitives

Add Publish/SubscribePrimitives

Replace TCP/IP(NDN)

Replace TCP/IP(NDN)

New Overlays to IP(FP7 4WARD/SAIL-

NetInf/Pursuit)

New Overlays to IP(FP7 4WARD/SAIL-

NetInf/Pursuit)

Named Data Networking (NDN)The most disruptive approach to ICN

Based on earlier “Content Centric Networking” proposal by Van Jacobson andothers

An attempt to re-invent the narrow waist of the Internet around named data-objects

Lots of research activity around a broad list of sub-topics that materialized fromthe high-level proposal.

One of the National Science Foundation “Future Internet Architecture (FIA)”projects

Center of gravity was PARC – produced a complete open sourceimplementation – CCNx.


The most disruptive approach to ICN

Based on earlier “Content Centric Networking” proposal by Van Jacobson andothers

An attempt to re-invent the narrow waist of the Internet around named data-objects

Lots of research activity around a broad list of sub-topics that materialized fromthe high-level proposal.

One of the National Science Foundation “Future Internet Architecture (FIA)”projects

Center of gravity was PARC – produced a complete open sourceimplementation – CCNx.

Internet and NDN Hourglass Structures

Internet NDN


NDN

Underlying Principle:

Model for information retrieval is to ask the network for a chunk of named content (rather thanasking the network for a connection to where the content is located)

Hierarchical human-readable ContentNameeg /conf/papers/NDN.pdfnb variable-length content names are routable entities –

- conventional routing protocols operate on structured content names rather thanstructured IP addresses

- ensures scalability

Two basic types of Packets:InterestDatarequest/response model


Underlying Principle:

Model for information retrieval is to ask the network for a chunk of named content (rather thanasking the network for a connection to where the content is located)

Hierarchical human-readable ContentNameeg /conf/papers/NDN.pdfnb variable-length content names are routable entities –

- conventional routing protocols operate on structured content names rather thanstructured IP addresses

- ensures scalability

Two basic types of Packets:InterestDatarequest/response model

NDN routers comprises three components (rather than one)i. FIB: Forwarding Information Table – can have multiple fwding entries per prefixii. PIT: Pending Interest Table – return route state for outstanding requestsiii. Content Store: Integral content cache in networking layer

NDN Routing – basic concepts

Interest Packet

Data Packet

NDN Routing

Content Store

FIB

ProducerProducer


ConsumerConsumer

Content StoreProducer

• Packets say ‘what’ not ‘where’ (no src or dst)• Forwarding decision is local• Upstream performance is measureable

NDN Routing

Content Store

FIB

ProducerProducer


ConsumerConsumer

Content StoreProducer

Securing Content Any consumer must be able to ascertain:

• Integrity: Is data intact and complete?• Origin: who asserts this data is an answer (Provenance)?• Correctness: is this an answer to my question (Relevance)?

Key concept: Secure the content rather than the container (eg router,host) or the communication channel

ContentObject := Name; SignedInfo; Signature; Content Name, some additional bits of information (the SignedInfo), a digital signature

of the other three elements, and arbitrary binary data (representing the content) SignedInfo identifies the publisher that signed the content and include the

public key of the publisher


Any consumer must be able to ascertain:• Integrity: Is data intact and complete?• Origin: who asserts this data is an answer (Provenance)?• Correctness: is this an answer to my question (Relevance)?

Key concept: Secure the content rather than the container (eg router,host) or the communication channel

ContentObject := Name; SignedInfo; Signature; Content Name, some additional bits of information (the SignedInfo), a digital signature

of the other three elements, and arbitrary binary data (representing the content) SignedInfo identifies the publisher that signed the content and include the

public key of the publisher

Mobility Support

Implicit caching for efficient lostpacket recovery

I.

Mobility integrates naturally into NDN:moment you get connectivity, you can communicateClient/Subscriber Mobility:


Current IP mobilityvia X2 forwarding

II.

NDN mobility viaclosest cache

Simplified Mobility Management

What might NDN in cellular look like?

SGW PGW

MME

eNb

eNb

S11

S5 SGiUE

IPInternet

MME

LTE

NDN-LTE


NDN Router

NDNGW-Proxy

MME

eNb

eNb

UE IPInternet

NDN-LTE

Replace specialized core network elements with NDN routers• Enable caching close to edge• Mitigate the encryption dilemma• ….

NDN – Mobility Data-Plane Protocols

APP

IP

PDCP

RLC

MAC

L1

PDCP

RLC

MAC

L1

GTP-U

L2

L1

RELAY

UDP/IP

GTP-U

UDP/IP

L2

L1

GTP-U

L2

L1

RELAY

UDP/IP

IP

GTP-U

UDP/IP

L2

L1

APP

IP

L2

L1

IP

L2

L1

LTE RAN+EPC


APP

NDN

PDCP

RLC

MAC

L1

NDN

PDCP

RLC

MAC

L1

NDN

L2,3

L1

RELAY

NDN

L2,3

L1

NDN

L2,3

L1

RELAY

APP’

IP

L2

L1

NDN

L2,3

L1

UE enB NDN Router NDN GW/Proxy

APP’

IP

L2

L1

Uu S1u S5 / S8 SGi

Server /Content Owner

LTE RAN+NDN

S-GW P-GW ServerUE enB

Summary Industry in the very early stages of defining 5G

• Current 5G work is anticipatory• No current set of industry requirements• Current principle drivers reminiscent of previous generational evolutions

• Much of the early activity has been research oriented driven by GovernmentInitiatives, Industry and Academia. Many having broader scope than 5G.5G evolution may be significantly more disruptive than previous generationaltransitions.

5G may not be driven solely by performance objectivesWill be driven also by need to support new market and business models

NDN seeks to evolve the IP architecture into one that generalizes the role of the thin waist such thatpackets can name objects other than communication end-points. This conceptually simple changeallows NDN to solve not only e2e communication problems but also content distribution and controlproblems with intrinsic security and mobility support.


Industry in the very early stages of defining 5G• Current 5G work is anticipatory

• No current set of industry requirements• Current principle drivers reminiscent of previous generational evolutions

• Much of the early activity has been research oriented driven by GovernmentInitiatives, Industry and Academia. Many having broader scope than 5G.5G evolution may be significantly more disruptive than previous generationaltransitions.

5G may not be driven solely by performance objectivesWill be driven also by need to support new market and business models

NDN seeks to evolve the IP architecture into one that generalizes the role of the thin waist such thatpackets can name objects other than communication end-points. This conceptually simple changeallows NDN to solve not only e2e communication problems but also content distribution and controlproblems with intrinsic security and mobility support.

Thank you.Thank you.

Named Data Networking: Setting the Stage for 5G · 2018. 4. 1. · Named Data Networking (NDN) The most disruptive approach to ICN ð§Based on earlier ˝Content Centric Networking

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