Name Roy G Biv Dynamic Crust Unit Test Page 1 Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the map below, which shows seismic stations X, Y, and Z that have recorded seismic waves from the same earthquake. The distances from seismic stations X and Y to the earthquake epicenter have been drawn on the map. Locations A, B , C, and D represent possible earthquake epicenters. The distance from seismic station Z to the earthquake epicenter has been deliberately omitted. 1) always slower 2) always faster 3) always identical 4) sometimes slower and sometimes faster 1 Compared to the speed of S-waves in a given Earth material, the speed of P-waves is 1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D 2 Station Z recorded a time difference of 6 minutes 40 seconds between the arrival of the P -waves and the arrival of the S-waves. The earthquake epicenter was located closest to location
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Name Roy G Biv Dynamic Crust Unit Test
Page 1
Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the map below, which shows seismic stations X, Y, and Z that have recorded seismic wavesfrom the same earthquake. The distances from seismic stations X and Y to the earthquakeepicenter have been drawn on the map. Locations A, B, C, and D represent possibleearthquake epicenters. The distance from seismic station Z to the earthquake epicenterhas been deliberately omitted.
1) always slower2) always faster3) always identical4) sometimes slower and sometimes faster
1 Compared to the speed of S-waves in a givenEarth material, the speed of P-waves is
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D
2 Station Z recorded a time difference of 6minutes 40 seconds between the arrival of the P-waves and the arrival of the S-waves. Theearthquake epicenter was located closest tolocation
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1) 5,200 km 2) 2,400 km3) 3,000 km 4) 4,000 km
3 How far is station X from the earthquakeepicenter?
1) seismic waves2) depth of Earth's oceans3) electromagnetic radiation4) isobar gradients
4 A model of Earth's internal structure is shownbelow.
Analysis of which type of data led to thedevelopment of this model?
Base your answer to the following question onthe information and the cross section below.The cross section represents a possible modelof the Moon's interior.
Seismographs left on the Moon by astronautshave provided enough data to develop a model ofthe Moon's interior. Scientists believe that theMoon has a layered interior and that its crustalthickness varies greatly from one side of theMoon to the other.
1) Pressure, temperature, and density allincrease with depth.
2) Pressure increases with depth, buttemperature and density remain the same.
3) Pressure and temperature increase withdepth, but density remains the same.
4) Pressure, temperature, and density remainthe same at all depths.
5 If the pressure, temperature, and densitypatterns of the Moon's interior are similar tothose of the Earth's interior, which statementbest describes the Moon's characteristics?
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1)
2)
3)
4)
6 The diagrams below show four major types offault motion occurring in Earth’s crust. Whichtype of fault motion best matches the generalpattern of crustal movement at California’s SanAndreas fault?
Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows models of twotypes of earthquake waves.
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1) P-waves (compressional waves) that travelfaster than S-waves (shear waves) shown inmodel B
2) P-waves (compressional waves) that travelslower than S-waves (shear waves) shown inmodel B
3) S-waves (shear waves) that travel fasterthan P-waves (compressional waves) shown inmodel B
4) S-waves (shear waves) that travel slowerthan P-waves (compressional waves) shown inmodel B
7 Model A best represents the motion ofearthquake waves called
1) compass readings on various continents today2) magnetic properties of rocks formed during
various geologic times3) seismic waves traveling through the Earth's
interior4) fossils found in bedrock formed during
various geologic times
8 The map below shows the position of the northmagnetic pole at various times in the past.
These positions have most likely beendetermined by using
1) oxygen and silicon2) aluminum and silicon3) iron and nickel4) carbon and iron
9 The Earth's core is believed to be composedprimarily of
1) more dense than continental crust2) softer than continental crust3) thinner than continental crust4) younger than continental crust
10 To get sample material from the mantle, drillingwill be done through the oceanic crust ratherthan through the continental crust becauseoceanic crust is
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Base your answer to the following question on the cross-sectional view of Earth below, whichshows seismic waves traveling from the focus of an earthquake. Points A and B are locationson Earth’s surface.
1) 1:53 p.m. 2) 2:07 p.m.3) 2:09 p.m. 4) 2:16 p.m.
11 A seismic station located at point A is 5400kilometers away from the epicenter of theearthquake. If the arrival time for the P-waveat point A was 2:00 p.m., the arrival time for theS-wave at point A was approximately
1) an iron-rich solid2) an iron-rich liquid3) a silicate-rich solid4) a silicate-rich liquid
12 The rock between 2,900 kilometers and 5,200kilometers below the Earth's surface isinferred to be
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Page 6
Base your answers to questions 13 and 14 on the map below. Dots on the map show thedistribution of major earthquake epicenters. The shaded circle labeled A represents alocation on Earth's surface.
1) Earthquakes generally are evenlydistributed over the surface of Earth.
2) Most earthquakes occur west of the PrimeMeridian and north of the Equator.
3) Most earthquakes are concentrated inzones along plate boundaries.
4) Most earthquakes occur on continents.
13 Which conclusion can best be inferred from thedata shown on this map?
1) within a rift valley at a mid-ocean ridge2) at the boundary between two diverging
plates3) within a deep-sea trench between two
converging plates4) above a mantle hot spot near the center of
a crustal plate
14 Location A is best described as an area that is
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Page 7
Base your answer to the following question on the map and seismograms below. The mapshows seismic stations in Chicago, Denver, Oklahoma City, and Tampa that recorded datafrom an earthquake. Seismograms A, B, C, and D show, in Greenwich time, the arrival timesof the earthquake waves at the four stations.
1) 2:33:00 a.m. 2) 2:34:40 a.m.3) 2:35:40 a.m. 4) 2:37:00 a.m.
15 What was the origin time of this earthquake?
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Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which shows a portionof Earth’s crust and upper mantle near a mid-ocean ridge.
1) igneous rock with normal magnetic polarity2) igneous rock with reversed magnetic
polarity3) sedimentary rock with normal magnetic
polarity4) sedimentary rock with reversed magnetic
polarity
16 If crust 2 represents basalt with normalmagnetic polarity, what does crust 3 most likelyrepresent?
1) south 2) east3) southwest 4) northwest
17 The block diagram below shows the bedrock ageas measured by radioactive dating and thepresent location of part of the Hawaiian Islandchain. These volcanic islands may have formedas the Pacific Plate moved over a mantle hotspot.
This diagram provides evidence that the PacificCrustal Plate was moving toward the
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18 The diagram below shows some features ofEarth's crust and upper mantle.
Which model most accurately shows themovements (arrows) associated with the surfacefeatures shown in the diagram?
1)
2)
3)
4)
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Base your answer to the following question on the passage and map of a portion of the EastAfrican Rift system shown below. Point X represents a location on Earth's surface within arift valley on the Ethiopian Dome.
The Great Rift Valley
Rifting of Earth's crust in eastern Africa began during the Neogene Period as theEthiopian and Kenyan Domes formed. These two huge domes were created as Earth'smantle pushed up the overlying crust. As the crust was forced upward, the resultingtension cracked the crust, resulting in the eruption of volcanoes and the formation oflarge rifts. The crust continued to pull apart, forming rift valleys. These valleys havebecome deeper and are currently becoming filled with sediments, igneous rock, andwater.
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19 On the cross section below,draw two curvedarrows, one on each side of the dashed line, toshow the direction of movement of theconvection currents within the asthenospherethat caused the formation of the dome and therift valley near location X.
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Base your answers to questions 20 through 24 on the passage and the map below. Thepassage describes the New Madrid fault system. The numbers on the map show thepredicted relative damage at various locations if a large earthquake occurs along the NewMadrid fault system. The higher the number, the greater the relative damage. The New Madrid Fault System
The greatest earthquake risk area east of the Rocky Mountains is along the NewMadrid fault system. The New Madrid fault system consists of a series of faults along aweak zone in the continental crust in the midwestern United States. Earthquakes occurin the Midwest less often than in California, but when they do happen, the damage isspread over a wider area due to the underlying bedrock. In 1811 and 1812, the New Madrid fault system experienced three major earthquakes.Large land areas sank, new lakes formed, the course of the Mississippi River changed,and 150,000 acres of forests were destroyed.
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20 State one reason why earthquakes occur morefrequently on the western coast of the UnitedStates than in the New Madrid region.
21 An emergency management specialist near theNew Madrid region is developing a plan thatwould help save lives and prevent propertydamage in the event of an earthquake. Describe two actions that should be included in the plan.
22 Using the predicted damage numbers, place an X on the map to indicate where the NewMadrid fault system most likely exists.
23 On the map above, draw the 4, 6, and 8 isolinesindicating relative damage.
24 The distance between the New Madrid faultsystem and Albany, New York, is 1800kilometers. What was the time differencebetween the arrival of the first P-wave and thearrival of the first S-wave at Albany when the1812 earthquake occurred?
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Base your answer to the following question on the table below, which lists the location ofsome earthquakes, their Richter magnitude, and their year of occurrence.
25 The locations of the earthquakes listed in thetable are shown on the map below.
Explain how the locations of these earthquakesare related to tectonic plates.
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