Name: __________________________________________ Period: __________ Complex Numbers Packet 1 Standard: N.CN.1 Objective: I can simplify complex radicals. Find the equation for each quadratic function: Find the roots (x-intercepts) of both by looking at the graph. Fundamental Theorem of Algebra: Every polynomial of degree has exactly roots. Find the roots by hand. Either use the vertex form method or the quadratic formula. Because the square root of a negative number has no defined values as either a rational or irrational number, Euler proposed that a new number = โโ1 be included in what came to be known as the complex number system. With the introduction of the number , the square root of any negative number can be represented. For example โโ9 = โ9 โ โโ1 = 3 . Numbers like 3 and โ2 are called imaginary numbers. Numbers like โ2 โ that include a real term and an imaginary term are called COMPLEX NUMBERS. Reread the fundamental theorem of algebra. Do you think EVERY quadratic function has two roots? Note: Every root can be written as a complex number in the form of + . For instant ace =3 can be written asโฆ = 3 + 0 What is a complex number? For this lesson we are going to focus on simplifying radicals with a negative under to root. For example: Simplify each of the following a) โโ75 b) โโ700 c) โโ2205
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Name: Period: Complex Numbers Packet 1 Standard: N.CN.1 ...โฌยฆย ยท Complex Numbers Packet 5 Quick review of the cycles of ๐ ๐=โโ1 ๐2=โ1 ๐3=โโโ1=โ๐ ๐4=1
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Name: __________________________________________ Period: __________ Complex Numbers Packet 1 Standard: N.CN.1 Objective: I can simplify complex radicals. Find the equation for each quadratic function:
Find the roots (x-intercepts) of both by looking at the graph. Fundamental Theorem of Algebra: Every polynomial of degree ๐ has exactly ๐ roots. Find the roots by hand. Either use the vertex form method or the quadratic formula. Because the square root of a negative number has no defined values as either a rational or irrational number, Euler
proposed that a new number ๐ = โโ1 be included in what came to be known as the complex number system. With
the introduction of the number ๐, the square root of any negative number can be represented. For example โโ9 =
โ9 โ โโ1 = 3๐.
Numbers like 3๐ and ๐โ2 are called imaginary numbers. Numbers like โ2 โ ๐ that include a real term and an imaginary term are called COMPLEX NUMBERS. Reread the fundamental theorem of algebra. Do you think EVERY quadratic function has two roots? Note: Every root can be written as a complex number in the form of ๐ + ๐๐. For instant ace ๐ฅ = 3 can be written asโฆ ๐ฅ = 3 + 0๐ What is a complex number? For this lesson we are going to focus on simplifying radicals with a negative under to root. For example: Simplify each of the following
a) โโ75 b) โโ700 c) โโ2205
Complex Numbers Packet 2
Practice A Simplify each radical completely
1. โโ45
2. โโ112 3. โ600
4. 2โ300
5. โ3โโ180 6. 4โโ28
7. โโ72
8. โ40
9. โโ1800
10. โ3โโ1715
11. โ1โ392
12. โโ8232
Complex Numbers Packet 3 Standard: N.CN.1 Objective: I can simplify complex numbers.
The imaginary unit, ๐ is defined to be ๐ = โโ1. Using this definition, it would follow that ๐2 = โ1 because
This is like a clock. After ๐4 is cycles back on itself and ๐5 = โโ1 = ๐ and starts all over. The number system can be extended to include the set of complex numbers. A complex number written in standard form is a number ๐ ยฑ ๐๐, where a and b are real numbers. If a = 0, then the number is called imaginary. If b = 0 then the number is called real. If a and b โ 0 then the number is complex. Extending the number system to include the set of complex numbers I what allowed us to take the square root of negative numbers. We can use this cycle to simplify a complex expression. Examples: Simplify each of the following expressions
a) (โ2 โ ๐)2
= b) 3๐ โ 3๐ =
Practice B Use the cycles of ๐ to simplify each of the following
Standard: N.NC.2 Objective: I can add, subtract and multiply complex numbers. You can add and subtract complex numbers. Similar to the set of real numbers, you do so by combining like terms. The real parts are like terms and the imaginary parts create like terms. Examples:
a) (3 + 2๐) + (5 โ 4๐) b) (7 โ 5๐) โ (โ2 + 6๐)
Standard: N.CN.3 Objective I can find the conjugate of a complex number and use it to divide complex numbers. Remember when we were dividing radicals you cannot have a radical in the denominator. To get rid of the radical in the denominator you have to multiply the numerator and the denominator by the radical in the denominator. Examples:
a) 3โ15
2โ5
Dividing complex numbers is similar. To completely simplify you cannot have an imagery number in the denominator. To get rid of the imaginary number in the denominator you have to multiply by the conjugate of the denominator. What is the conjugate of a complex number? The conjugate of a complex number is the same complex number but opposite sign in between.
Complex Numbers Packet 7 Example: Find the conjugate of each complex number.
b) โ3 + 5๐ c) 6 โ 7๐
Practice F Find the conjugate of each complex number.
1. 5 โ 6๐
2. 7 + 6๐ 3. โ7 + 7๐
4. โ4 โ 7๐
5. 4 + 5๐ 6. โ1 + ๐
7. โ7 + 4๐
8. โ1 + 6๐ 9. 5 โ 2๐
The reason conjugates are useful is because when you multiply a complex number by itโs conjugate, it ALWAYS a positive real number. To divide complex numbers, find the conjugate of the denominator, multiply the numerator and denominator by
that conjugate, and simplify.
Example 3: Divide 10
2+๐ Example 4: Divide
22โ7๐
4โ5๐
Practice G Simplify each expression completely. Put your answer in Standard Form.
1. 3
โ๐
2. 3+2๐
8๐
3. โ1โ5๐
โ10๐
4. 9
3โ2๐
5. 9๐
2+2๐
6. โ8+7๐
โ1โ10๐
Complex Numbers Packet 8
7. โ8+7๐
โ1โ10๐
8. 9โ4๐
โ3+10๐
9. 9โ4๐
4โ5๐
10. 2+6๐
7โ9๐
11. 10+9๐
โ10+4๐ 12.
7+3๐
โ4โ6๐
13. 1โ8๐
โ8โ3๐
14. 3โ๐
โ6โ7๐ 15.
5โ3๐
โ6โ2๐
16.
Standard: N.CN.3 Objective: I can graph a complex number and find the modulus. When graphing linear lines, ordered pairs, quadratic function etc. you graph them on the x and y plane. When graphing a complex number you have to have a complex plane. The complex plane is similar to the x and y plane except that the x-axis is now the real axis and the y-axis is the imaginary axis. In a complex number ๐ + ๐๐, ๐ is a real number and is graphed on the real axis. ๐๐ is an imaginary number and is graphed on the imaginary axis. When you graph them, you graph them as vectors. Examples:
a) 3 โ 2๐
b) โ7 + 4๐
Complex Numbers Packet 9
Practice H Graph each complex number.
1. 3 + 5๐
2. โ1 + ๐
3. 8 + 7๐
4. โ6 โ 3๐
5. โ2 + 3๐
6. 8๐
Complex Numbers Packet 10
7. 4 โ 7๐
8. 9 โ 3๐
9. โ4 + 2๐
10. โ6 โ 3๐
Find the complex number of each graph.
11.
12.
Complex Numbers Packet 11
13.
14.
15.
16.
Modulus of a complex number is the distance of the complex number from the origin in a complex plane. The
modulus is denoted by |๐ง|, and the modulus of a complex number ๐ง = ๐ + ๐๐ is given by โ๐2 + ๐2.
Notice that the modulus of a complex number is always a real number and in fact it will never be negative since
square roots always return a positive number or zero.
Find the modulus:
18 + 24๐
3 + 3โ3๐ โ2 โ 2๐
Complex Numbers Packet 12
Practice I Find the modulus of each complex number.
1. 9 โ 7๐
2. 6 + 3๐
3. โ4 + 2๐
4. โ5 โ 8๐
5.
6.
7.
8.
Complex Numbers Packet 13 Standard: N.RN.1 Objective: I can factor the sum of squares. Earlier this year we learned how to factor difference of squares. Letโs review this now.
a) 81๐ฅ2 โ 16 b) 64 โ 49๐ฅ2 Why does it have to be a subtraction sign? Why couldnโt we factor if it was an addition sign? Because we have learned about imaginary numbers, we can now factor the sum of squares.
Steps Example
1. Rewrite the equation with a subtraction sign. To rewrite it with a subtraction sign you have to change the second term to a negative. So you are subtracting a negative.
81๐ฅ2 + 16
2. Take the square root of the first term
3. Take the square root of the second term. Remember that the square root of a negative number is imaginary.
4. Two sets of parenthesis with the square root of the first and second term. One parenthesis has a plus sign, one has a minus.
Examples: a) 9๐ฅ2 + 64 b) ๐ฅ2 + 225
Practice J Factor each completely
1. 16๐ฅ2 + 81๐ฆ2
2. 36 + 100๐ฅ2 3. 16๐ฅ2 โ 81๐ฆ2
4. ๐ฅ2 + 36
5. 16๐ฅ2 + 49 6. ๐ฅ2 โ 36
7. 225๐ฅ2 + 144๐ฆ2
8. 16๐ฅ2 โ 49 9. 81 โ 64๐ฅ2
10. 4๐ฅ2 + 25
11. ๐ฅ2 + 1 12. ๐ฅ2 โ 1
Complex Numbers Packet 14
13. 4๐ฅ2 โ 25
14. 81 + 64๐ฅ2 15. 9๐ฅ2 + 121
16. 169 โ 25๐ฅ2
17. 9๐ฅ2 โ 121 18. 169 + 25๐ฅ2
Practice K Evaluate each combined function. If ๐(๐ฅ) = 3๐ฅ + 1 and ๐(๐ฅ) = 3๐ฅ2 โ 5๐ฅ โ 2